针对在初始先验信息缺失时磁性目标滤波跟踪方法发散问题进行研究,本文提出了一种多初值模型的解决框架,并以平方根形式的中心差分卡尔曼滤波器(Square-Root Central Difference Kalman Filter,SRCDKF)为例,结合多初值模型得到了SRCDKF...针对在初始先验信息缺失时磁性目标滤波跟踪方法发散问题进行研究,本文提出了一种多初值模型的解决框架,并以平方根形式的中心差分卡尔曼滤波器(Square-Root Central Difference Kalman Filter,SRCDKF)为例,结合多初值模型得到了SRCDKF自适应磁性目标跟踪算法.文章首先根据远距离磁偶极子的磁场等效性,建立了多初值滤波跟踪模型,然后基于最大似然选择理论推导了如何从多模型中选择最佳结果,即多初值模型的选择方法,最后以SRCDKF滤波器为滤波单元,得到了基于SRCDKF的自适应磁性目标跟踪算法.经过仿真试验表明:(1)多初值模型建立和选择方法的有效性;(2)基于SRCDKF的自适应磁性目标跟踪算法,在初始位置信息缺失的情况下,能够有效完成对磁性目标的跟踪;(3)以不同滤波器为滤波单元的自适应跟踪算法跟踪试验结果表明,多初值模型的解决框架可解决初值先验未知下的跟踪问题.展开更多
为了进行连续马尔可夫模型的初值提取,提出一种各类在训练样本空间近似均衡分布的K均值聚类法。在聚类的过程中引入惩罚因子,从而限制过多的训练矢量集中于一个或几个类,使样本空间划分近似均匀。连续马尔可夫模型初值提取实验证明,该...为了进行连续马尔可夫模型的初值提取,提出一种各类在训练样本空间近似均衡分布的K均值聚类法。在聚类的过程中引入惩罚因子,从而限制过多的训练矢量集中于一个或几个类,使样本空间划分近似均匀。连续马尔可夫模型初值提取实验证明,该方法与标准的K均值聚类法、LBG(L inde Buzo G ray)聚类法相比,降低了矢量量化产生的全局失真,各个类在样本空间的分布更加均匀,提高了矢量量化的性能。将该方法用于孤立词识别连续马尔可夫模型的初值提取,可使各个高斯概率密度函数的参数估计更逼近其无偏估计,从而提高了马尔可夫模型初值的可靠性。展开更多
In this paper, some corrections was made to the assumption that the forcing is quasi-static, which is the basis of the nonlinear diabatic initialization scheme adopted by a global model T106L19. Thus the tidal signal ...In this paper, some corrections was made to the assumption that the forcing is quasi-static, which is the basis of the nonlinear diabatic initialization scheme adopted by a global model T106L19. Thus the tidal signal is expressed and excluded from the initialization scheme. It shows that the new scheme captures the semi-diurnal pressure variation and is much closer to the uninitialized field. Compared with the standard initialization scheme, both the anomaly correlation coefficients and RMS of 500 hPa geopotential height simulated under the new scheme have improved significantly.展开更多
1 INTRODUCTION The initial state of the atmosphere is one of the key factors that affect the result of NWP. With the development of increasingly finer NWP, the quality of initial atmospheric state has been drawing mor...1 INTRODUCTION The initial state of the atmosphere is one of the key factors that affect the result of NWP. With the development of increasingly finer NWP, the quality of initial atmospheric state has been drawing more and more attention . GRAPES 3D- Var （Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System , a three-dimensional variational data assimilation subsystem developed by the Chinese Academy of Atmospheric Sciences, makes a solution to the issue of NWP data vacancy in China. Owing to it, quantitative application of satellite and radar data in NWP has significant breakthroughs. With the assimilation system of GRAPES 3D-Var and GRAPES regional mesoscale model, this work compares a control and assimilation experiment with regard to a cold air surge affecting south China in late December 2004 and analyzes the sensitivity of mesoscale model forecast on initial values and the effect of initialization on the improvement of forecasting capabilities.展开更多
The adsorption characteristics of Remazol Black B on anoxic sludge were investigated.The parameters,such as initial pH,sulphate concentration,and temperature,affecting the dye adsorption were studied.The adsorption da...The adsorption characteristics of Remazol Black B on anoxic sludge were investigated.The parameters,such as initial pH,sulphate concentration,and temperature,affecting the dye adsorption were studied.The adsorption data were analyzed with three adsorption isotherm models,namely Langmuir,Freudlich,and linear partition.The results showed that adsorption of Remazol Black B on the sterilized sludge reached equilibrium in 4 h.It also indicated that pH had significant effect on anoxic sludge adsorption behavior.The adsorption capacity of anoxic sludge decreased with the increase of pH value and the maximum adsorption capacity of dyes occurred at pH=3.The adsorptive capacities increased with the decrease of temperature and increase of sulphate concentration.Results also indicated that the adsorption equilibrium of Remazol Black B on anoxic sludge could be well fitted by Freundlich model.展开更多
Sound propagation and the initial value problems in gas mixtures of two components are investigated. By using the eigen theory of linearized Boltzmann equations, a model equations is formed, with the use of the Fourie...Sound propagation and the initial value problems in gas mixtures of two components are investigated. By using the eigen theory of linearized Boltzmann equations, a model equations is formed, with the use of the Fourier-Laplace transform for model equations derived, the dispersion relations for both components are obtained.展开更多
Because of the importance of gravity waves （GWs） in coupling different atmospheric regions, further studies are necessary to investigate the characteristics of GW propagation in a non-isothermal atmosphere. Using a ...Because of the importance of gravity waves （GWs） in coupling different atmospheric regions, further studies are necessary to investigate the characteristics of GW propagation in a non-isothermal atmosphere. Using a nonlinear numerical model, we simulate the propagation of small amplitude GWs with various wavelengths in different non-isothermal atmospheres. Our re- sults show that the GW vertical wavelength undergoes sharp changes above the stratopause and mesopause region. Specifically for a GW with an initial vertical wavelength of 5 km, the seasonal background temperature structure difference at 50° latitude can cause the vertical wavelength to vary by -2 krn in the mesosphere and by as large as -4.5 km in the lower thermosphere. In addition, the GW paths exhibit great divergence in the height range of -65-110 kin. Our results also show that the variations of GW path, vertical wavelength and horizontal phase velocity are not synchronized in a non-isothermal atmosphere as in an isothermal atmosphere. Despite the fact that all GWs change their characteristics as they propagate upward in a non-isothermal atmosphere, the variations relative to the initial parameters at a reference height are similar for different initial vertical wavelengths. Our results indicate that the changing characteristics of a gravity wave in a non-isothermal atmosphere need to be considered when investigating the relationship of GWs at two different heights.展开更多
文摘针对在初始先验信息缺失时磁性目标滤波跟踪方法发散问题进行研究,本文提出了一种多初值模型的解决框架,并以平方根形式的中心差分卡尔曼滤波器(Square-Root Central Difference Kalman Filter,SRCDKF)为例,结合多初值模型得到了SRCDKF自适应磁性目标跟踪算法.文章首先根据远距离磁偶极子的磁场等效性,建立了多初值滤波跟踪模型,然后基于最大似然选择理论推导了如何从多模型中选择最佳结果,即多初值模型的选择方法,最后以SRCDKF滤波器为滤波单元,得到了基于SRCDKF的自适应磁性目标跟踪算法.经过仿真试验表明:(1)多初值模型建立和选择方法的有效性;(2)基于SRCDKF的自适应磁性目标跟踪算法,在初始位置信息缺失的情况下,能够有效完成对磁性目标的跟踪;(3)以不同滤波器为滤波单元的自适应跟踪算法跟踪试验结果表明,多初值模型的解决框架可解决初值先验未知下的跟踪问题.
文摘为了进行连续马尔可夫模型的初值提取,提出一种各类在训练样本空间近似均衡分布的K均值聚类法。在聚类的过程中引入惩罚因子,从而限制过多的训练矢量集中于一个或几个类,使样本空间划分近似均匀。连续马尔可夫模型初值提取实验证明,该方法与标准的K均值聚类法、LBG(L inde Buzo G ray)聚类法相比,降低了矢量量化产生的全局失真,各个类在样本空间的分布更加均匀,提高了矢量量化的性能。将该方法用于孤立词识别连续马尔可夫模型的初值提取,可使各个高斯概率密度函数的参数估计更逼近其无偏估计,从而提高了马尔可夫模型初值的可靠性。
基金Scientific research project for the 10th five-year economic development period(2001BA607B02) a project from the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (7046/2001-9Y-2)
文摘In this paper, some corrections was made to the assumption that the forcing is quasi-static, which is the basis of the nonlinear diabatic initialization scheme adopted by a global model T106L19. Thus the tidal signal is expressed and excluded from the initialization scheme. It shows that the new scheme captures the semi-diurnal pressure variation and is much closer to the uninitialized field. Compared with the standard initialization scheme, both the anomaly correlation coefficients and RMS of 500 hPa geopotential height simulated under the new scheme have improved significantly.
基金Key Scientific Research Project of Guangdong (2004B32601002)Promotion Project forLatest Meteorological Technology (CMATG2005M17)+1 种基金National Project No.973 (2004CB18307)"Research onAssimilation Techniques for Tropics based on Modern Observation Technologies"
文摘1 INTRODUCTION The initial state of the atmosphere is one of the key factors that affect the result of NWP. With the development of increasingly finer NWP, the quality of initial atmospheric state has been drawing more and more attention . GRAPES 3D- Var （Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System , a three-dimensional variational data assimilation subsystem developed by the Chinese Academy of Atmospheric Sciences, makes a solution to the issue of NWP data vacancy in China. Owing to it, quantitative application of satellite and radar data in NWP has significant breakthroughs. With the assimilation system of GRAPES 3D-Var and GRAPES regional mesoscale model, this work compares a control and assimilation experiment with regard to a cold air surge affecting south China in late December 2004 and analyzes the sensitivity of mesoscale model forecast on initial values and the effect of initialization on the improvement of forecasting capabilities.
基金Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project of China(No.B604)DERC Project of China(No.R00506)+1 种基金Projectof Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile,China(No.EcoKF200708)Young Teacher Foundation of Donghua University,China(No.113100044018)
文摘The adsorption characteristics of Remazol Black B on anoxic sludge were investigated.The parameters,such as initial pH,sulphate concentration,and temperature,affecting the dye adsorption were studied.The adsorption data were analyzed with three adsorption isotherm models,namely Langmuir,Freudlich,and linear partition.The results showed that adsorption of Remazol Black B on the sterilized sludge reached equilibrium in 4 h.It also indicated that pH had significant effect on anoxic sludge adsorption behavior.The adsorption capacity of anoxic sludge decreased with the increase of pH value and the maximum adsorption capacity of dyes occurred at pH=3.The adsorptive capacities increased with the decrease of temperature and increase of sulphate concentration.Results also indicated that the adsorption equilibrium of Remazol Black B on anoxic sludge could be well fitted by Freundlich model.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10861008the "211 Project" Innovative Talents Training Program of Inner Mongolia University and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Inner Mongolia University of Technology under Grant No.ZS201032
文摘Sound propagation and the initial value problems in gas mixtures of two components are investigated. By using the eigen theory of linearized Boltzmann equations, a model equations is formed, with the use of the Fourier-Laplace transform for model equations derived, the dispersion relations for both components are obtained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40921063, 41004063, 41074109, 40890165, and 41174127)the National Important Basic Research Project (Grant No. 2011CB811405)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 20100470506)supported in part by the Specialized Research Fundthe Open Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Space Weatherthe National Science Foundation of Unites States grant-ATM-0633418 to Miami University
文摘Because of the importance of gravity waves （GWs） in coupling different atmospheric regions, further studies are necessary to investigate the characteristics of GW propagation in a non-isothermal atmosphere. Using a nonlinear numerical model, we simulate the propagation of small amplitude GWs with various wavelengths in different non-isothermal atmospheres. Our re- sults show that the GW vertical wavelength undergoes sharp changes above the stratopause and mesopause region. Specifically for a GW with an initial vertical wavelength of 5 km, the seasonal background temperature structure difference at 50° latitude can cause the vertical wavelength to vary by -2 krn in the mesosphere and by as large as -4.5 km in the lower thermosphere. In addition, the GW paths exhibit great divergence in the height range of -65-110 kin. Our results also show that the variations of GW path, vertical wavelength and horizontal phase velocity are not synchronized in a non-isothermal atmosphere as in an isothermal atmosphere. Despite the fact that all GWs change their characteristics as they propagate upward in a non-isothermal atmosphere, the variations relative to the initial parameters at a reference height are similar for different initial vertical wavelengths. Our results indicate that the changing characteristics of a gravity wave in a non-isothermal atmosphere need to be considered when investigating the relationship of GWs at two different heights.
