带有初变形薄板的大位移和后屈曲分析

本文提出了一种适合于分析初弯曲板大挠度和后屈曲问题的有限元列式。基于总体的Largrange描述,导出了计及初弯曲效应的非线性分析有关公式。计算表明,本有限元方法对于上述两类问题分析,结果精确,具有工程上的广泛应用价值。

顺层偏压不良地质隧道边墙围岩大变形侵限处治方案研究

本文以新建磨万铁路旺门村1#隧道为例,介绍了因顺层偏压不良地质情况引起的隧道边墙围岩大变形和初支侵限的原因分析和工程技术处理方案。

Effects of initial δ phase(Ni_3Nb) on hot tensile deformation behaviors and material constants of Ni-based superalloy

Effects of initial δ phase（Ni_3Nb） on the hot tensile deformation behaviors and material constants of a Ni-based superalloy were investigated over wide ranges of strain rate and deformation temperature. It is found that the true stress-true strain curves exhibit peak stress at a small strain, and the peak stress increases with the increase of initial δ phase. After the peak stress, initial δ phase promotes the dynamic softening behaviors, resulting in the decreased flow stress. An improved Arrhenius constitutive model is proposed to consider the synthetical effects of initial δ phase, deformation temperature, strain rate, and strain on hot deformation behaviors. In the improved model, material constants are expressed as the functions of the content of initial δ phase and strain. A good agreement between the predicted and measured results indicates that the improved Arrhenius constitutive model can well describe hot deformation behaviors of the studied Ni-based superalloy.

中小跨径斜拉桥索力优化的“二阶段法”

以影响矩阵理论为基础,以有约束优化法及正装分析法为核心,提出中小跨径斜拉桥索力优化"二阶段法",并结合算例加以验证.该方法省去倒装分析过程,可以快速求出合理成桥与施工索力,对中小跨径斜拉桥成桥及施工阶段分析的索力优化计算具有实用意义。

Effects of Geographic and Topographic Factors on First Frost in Shanxi Province from 1961 to 2010

Based on day-to-day minimal ground temperatures in 1961-2010 from 62 meteorological stations in Shanxi province,the variation characteristics of Shanxi＇s first frost were analyzed.The results show：Shanxi＇s average first frost date was October 7,and the first frost date of the north was generally earlier than the south; the average first frost date had obvious negative correlations with altitude and latitude,and the correlation coefficients were respectively-0.85 and-0.82.M-K mutation test shows that the first frost date of most meteorological stations had mutations from 1961 to 2010,mainly in the years from 1981 to 2000,and the mutation year of the central area was generally later than the north and the south; the mutation year had negative correlations with altitude and latitude,and the correlation coefficients were respectively-0.45 and-0.51.The first frost dates of most stations had a delaying trend.Specifically,the large delaying scope region was located in the north and the mid-east,and the large advancing scope region was located in the south and the south central.The changing trend had negative correlations with altitude and latitude,and the correlation coefficients were respectively-0.30 and-0.37.Probabilities of the mild,the moderate and the severe first frost were 62％-82％,6％-26％ and 4％-22％,respectively,and the maximum probabilities appeared in the south central ＆ northeast,the central ＆ north central and the west ＆ north central.Correlation of altitude with first frost tends to be volatile upon frost grade and latitude has bigger impacts on first frost probabilities.

Plate reinforced square hollow section X-joints subjected to in-plane moment

The static test of 13 square hollow section(SHS) X-joints with different β and different types of plate reinforcement under in-plane moment in brace was carried out. Experimental test schemes, failure modes of specimens, moment-vertical displacement curves, moment-deformation of the chord, and strain strength distribution curves were presented. The effect of β and plate reinforcement types on in-plane flexural property of SHS X-joints was studied. Results show that punching shear of chord face disappears, brace material fracture appears and concave and convex deformation of chord decrease when either collar plates or doubler plates were welded on chord face. Moment-vertical displacement curves of all specimens have obvious elastic, elastic-plastic and plastic stages. As β increases, the in-plane flexural ultimate capacity and initial stiffness of joints of the same plate reinforcement type increase, but ductility of joints decreases. With the same β, the in-plane flexural initial stiffness and ultimate capacity of doubler plate reinforced joints, collar plate reinforced joints, and unreinforced joints decrease progressively. Thickness of reinforcement plate has no obvious effect on in-plane flexural initial stiffness and ultimate capacity of joints. As thickness of reinforcement plate increases, the ductility of reinforced X-joints decreases. The concave and convex deformation of every specimen has good symmetry;as β increases, the yield and ultimate deformation of chord decrease.

Morphology transformation of primary strip α phase in hot working of two-phase titanium alloy

Microstructural development in hot working of TA15titanium alloy with primary stripαstructure was investigated withthe aim to globularizeαstrips.Results show that the mechanisms of morphology transformation are the same to the spheroidizationmechanisms of lamellar structure.Boundary splitting and termination migration are more important than coarsening due to the largesize of stripα.Theαstrips are stable in annealing due to the unfavorable geometrical orientation of intra-αboundaries,the largethickness of strip and the geometrical stability ofαparticles.Predeformation and low speed deformation accelerate globularization ofαstrips in the following ways:direct changing of particle shape,promotion of boundary splitting and termination migration byincreasing high angle grain boundaries and interfacial area,promotion of coarsening by forming dislocation structures.Largepredeformation combined with high temperature annealing is a feasible way to globularize stripα.

Effect of human milk and colostrum on Entamoeba histolytica

AIM:Many defense factors of the mother's colostrum or milk protect infants from intestinal, respiratory and systemic infections. In the present study, we investigated the effect of colostrum and mature human milk on E. histolytica parasites in vitro.METHODS:Samples of human milk were collected from 5 healthy lactating mothers.The medium with human milk at concentrations of 2%, 5% and 10% was obtained.RESULTS:The lethal effect of E. histolytica on the medium supplemented with different concentrations of both colostrum and mature human milk was significant during the first 30min. We also detected that the results of colostrum and mature human milk were similar. No statistically significant differences were found between same concentrations of colostrum and mature human milk at the same times.CONCLUSION:Colostrum and mature human milk have significant lethal effect on E. histolytica and protect against its infection in breast fed children.

Solidification behavior of 6061 wrought aluminum alloy during rheo-diecasting process with self-inoculation method

The semisolid slurry of the 6061 wrought aluminum alloy was prepared by the self-inoculation method（SIM）. The effects of the isothermal holding parameters on microstructures of rheo-diecastings were investigated, and the solidification behavior of 6061 wrought aluminum alloy during the rheo-diecasting process was analyzed using OM, SEM, EDS and EBSD. The results indicate that the isothermal holding process during slurry preparation has great effect on primary α（Al） particles（α1）, but has little effect on the microstructure of secondary solidification in the process of thin-walled rheo-diecasting. Nucleation is expected to take place in the entire remaining liquid when the remaining liquid fills the die cavity, and the secondary solidification particles（α2） are formed after the process of stable growth, unstable growth and merging. The solute concentration of remaining liquid is higher than that of the original alloy due to the existence of α1 particles, hence the contents of Mg and Si in α2 particles are higher than those in α1 particles.

New constitutive equation utilizing grain size for modeling of hot deformation behavior of AA1070 aluminum

A new phenomenological and empirically-based constitutive model was proposed to modify the term in the original Johnson−Cook constitutive model.The new model can be used to describe and predict the flow stress of AA1070 aluminum with different initial grain sizes in the hot working process.This developed model considers thermal softening,strain-rate hardening,strain hardening,initial grain size,and interactions with each other and can correctly model the behavior of AA1070 at elevated temperature with different strains,strain rates,and initial grain sizes.The hot flow behavior of AA1070 was investigated through compression tests over wide ranges of temperature from 623 to 773 K,strain rate from 0.005 to 0.5 s−1 and initial grain size from 50 to 450μm.Results show that the initial grain size has a significant effect on the flow behavior of AA1070.Then,correlation coefficient(R),average absolute relative error(AARE),and relative error were examined for comparative predictability of the model.Results show that flow stresses for different initial grain sizes calculated by the new proposed model perfectly correlate with experimental ones,with a mean relative error of 1.19%,which confirms that the new modified Johnson−Cook relation can give a precise estimation of the hot flow stress of AA1070 aluminum by considering the initial grain size.

Isothermal coarsening of primary particles during rheocasting

The isothermal coarsening behavior of primary solid particles in A356 aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry produced by angular oscillation (AO) technique was investigated.The comparison between the calculation and experimental results shows good quantitative agreement with Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory.The results show that the variation in shape factor and solid fraction is not significant,the average particle size increases with increasing holding time at the expense of the particle density.Ostwald repining is most likely the predominant growth mechanism in the AO-treated semi-solid slurry during rheocasting.The differences of coarsening occurred in rheocasting and partial re-melting process were also discussed.

Effects of Initial Static Shear Stress and Grain Shape on Liquefaction of Saturated Nanjing Sand

This paper mainly investigates the effects of initial static shear stress and grain shape on the liquefaction induced large deformation of saturated sand under torsional shear.Nanjing sand,mainly composed of platy grains,is tested with different initial static shear stress ratio(SSR)using a hollow column torsional shear apparatus.The tests find that the saturated Nanjing sand reaches full liquefaction under the superposition of initial static shear stress and cyclic stress for both stress reversal and non-reversal cases.However,it requires a large number of loading cycles to reach full liquefaction if stress reversal does not occur.With increasing the initial static stress,the large deformation of the Nanjing sand should mainly induced by the cyclic liquefaction firstly under a smaller initial shear stress,and then it should be induced by the residual deformation failure.The critical point occurs approximately when the initial shear stress is close to the amplitude of the cyclic shear stress.Meanwhile,it shows that grain angularity increases the liquefaction resistance when the initial static shear stress is zero.A small initial static shear stress causes the larger loss of liquefaction resistance for angular sand than rounded sand.At a high initial SSR,the angular sand is more resistant to the large residual deformation failure than the rounded sand.

应用于特高压杆塔的Q420大规格角钢压杆失稳形态及其机理研究

大角钢构件,指肢宽不小于200mm、肢厚不小于20mm,材质为Q420及以上的大规格、高强度角钢构件.研究表明,大角钢的应用可明显降低特高压杆塔的造价.为研究大角钢轴压杆的失稳形态,对90根不同截面规格、长细比的大角钢构件进行了系统性的轴压试验.对各试件的失稳形态进行了统计分析,并利用有限元数值计算研究了大角钢出现不同失稳形态的内在机理.结果表明,90%的大角钢试件发生了一阶弯曲失稳;残余应力会使大角钢轴压试件产生高阶失稳形态,但对试件最终失稳形态的影响较小;初变形对大角钢试件的失稳形态起着至关重要的影响,试件最终失稳形态与初变形形态一致.

Competition of the multiple Grtler modes in hypersonic boundary layer flows

Competition of multiple Gortler modes in hypersonic boundary layer flows are investigated with the local and marching methods. The wall-layer mode （mode W） and the trapped-layer mode （mode T） both occur in the compressible boundary layer where there exists a temperature adjustment layer near the upper edge. The mode T has the largest growth rate at a lower Gortler number while the mode W dominates at larger G/Srtler numbers. These two modes are both responsible for the flow transition in the hypersonic flows especially when Gortler number is in the high value range in which the crossover of these two modes takes place. Such high Gortler numbers are virtually far beyond the neutral regime. The nonparallel base flows, therefore, cease to influence the stability behavior of the Gortler modes. The effects of the Mach number on the multiple Gortler modes are studied within a chosen Mach number of 0.95, 2, 4 and 6. When the flow Mach number is sufficiently large, e.g., Ma ≥4, the growth rate crossover of the mode T and mode W occurs both in the conventional G-β map as well as on the route downstream for a fixed wavelength disturbance. Four particular regions （Region T, T-W, W-T and W） around the crossover point are highlighted with the marching analysis and the result matches that of the local analysis. The initial disturbance of a normal mode maintains the shape in its corresponding dominating region while a shape-transformation occurs outside this region.

Viscoelastic deformation behavior of cement and emulsified asphalt mortar in China railway track system I prefabricated slab track

Under repeated train-induced loads, cement and emulsified asphalt mortar(CA mortar) as a viscoelastic material has a time-dependent deformation, part of which is irreversible. This could lead to debonding between the mortar layer and the track slab. Based on the theory of viscoelasticity and the analytical method of the time hardening law(THL), the viscoelastic deformation behavior of CA mortar was studied. Using ABAQUS, we established a solid model of China railway track system(CRTS) Ⅰ prefabricated slab track, with CA mortar at different initial Young’s moduli under cyclic loading corresponding to the influence of actual train loads. The results reveal that the fitted parameters of the THL for CA mortar are suitable for describing its viscoelastic deformation. As the initial Young’s modulus increases, the strain difference before and after cyclic loading gradually decreases, and the displacement difference increases from 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm. The deformation mainly occurs at the end of a mortar layer with longitudinal distribution of about 2.5 times the fasteners’ spacing. It follows that the viscoelastic performance of CA mortar is one of the most important reasons that cause debonding underneath the track slab. Therefore, we suggest that the adverse effects of viscoelastic behavior of CA mortar should be considered when researching such deformation and damage.