An embedded system generally comprises gffour parts （embedded microprocessor unit, peripheral hardware equipment, embedded operating system, and user application）, and its core function is to complete the control of...An embedded system generally comprises gffour parts （embedded microprocessor unit, peripheral hardware equipment, embedded operating system, and user application）, and its core function is to complete the control of different equipments as well as necessary monitoring and management measures. Initialization is to set a variable as ＂default value＂, including system initialization, software initialization and hardware initialization. However, these three types of initialization are classified in accordance with different layers. This is studied in this paper.展开更多
Concrete setting and hardening processes are the most critical phases during construction works, influencing properties of a concrete structure. The initial set is important as it provides an estimate when concrete ha...Concrete setting and hardening processes are the most critical phases during construction works, influencing properties of a concrete structure. The initial set is important as it provides an estimate when concrete has reached a point that it can no longer he vibrated without damaging concrete. The point at which final set occurs is important since it provides an estimate when the development of concrete strength and stiffness starts. In this study, experimental work is performed under laboratory conditions to indentify the setting time of cement paste using ultrasonic waves. Correlation between the ultrasonic wave parameters （speed, amplitude and energy） passing through the fresh cement paste and setting time determined using the Vicat test method is analyzed. A method of acoustic emission is also used and acoustic signals recorded in cement paste during hydration are presented.展开更多
In order to exploit the enhancement of the multi- objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition （MOEA/D）, we propose an improved algorithm with uniform de- sign （UD）, i.e. MOEA/D-UD. Three mechanisms in ...In order to exploit the enhancement of the multi- objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition （MOEA/D）, we propose an improved algorithm with uniform de- sign （UD）, i.e. MOEA/D-UD. Three mechanisms in MOEA/D-UD are modified by introducing an experimental design method called UD. To fully employ the information contained in the domain of the multi-objective problem, we apply UD to initialize a uniformly scattered population. Then, motivated by the analysis of the re- lationship between weight vectors and optimal solutions of scalar subproblems in the study of MOEND with adaptive weight ad- justment （MOEA/D-AWA）, a new weight vector design method based on UD is introduced. To distinguish real sparse regions from pseudo sparse regions, i.e. discontinuous regions, of the complex Pareto front, the weight vector adjustment strategy in MOEMD-UD adequately utilizes the information from neighbors of individuals. In the experimental study, we compare MOEA/D-UD with three outstanding algorithms, namely MOEA/D with the dif- ferential evolution operator （MOEA/D-DE）, MOEA/D-AWA and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II （NSGA-II） on nineteen test instances. The experimental results show that MOEA/D-UD is capable of obtaining a well-converged and well diversified set of solutions within an acceptable execution time.展开更多
文摘An embedded system generally comprises gffour parts （embedded microprocessor unit, peripheral hardware equipment, embedded operating system, and user application）, and its core function is to complete the control of different equipments as well as necessary monitoring and management measures. Initialization is to set a variable as ＂default value＂, including system initialization, software initialization and hardware initialization. However, these three types of initialization are classified in accordance with different layers. This is studied in this paper.
文摘Concrete setting and hardening processes are the most critical phases during construction works, influencing properties of a concrete structure. The initial set is important as it provides an estimate when concrete has reached a point that it can no longer he vibrated without damaging concrete. The point at which final set occurs is important since it provides an estimate when the development of concrete strength and stiffness starts. In this study, experimental work is performed under laboratory conditions to indentify the setting time of cement paste using ultrasonic waves. Correlation between the ultrasonic wave parameters （speed, amplitude and energy） passing through the fresh cement paste and setting time determined using the Vicat test method is analyzed. A method of acoustic emission is also used and acoustic signals recorded in cement paste during hydration are presented.
文摘In order to exploit the enhancement of the multi- objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition （MOEA/D）, we propose an improved algorithm with uniform de- sign （UD）, i.e. MOEA/D-UD. Three mechanisms in MOEA/D-UD are modified by introducing an experimental design method called UD. To fully employ the information contained in the domain of the multi-objective problem, we apply UD to initialize a uniformly scattered population. Then, motivated by the analysis of the re- lationship between weight vectors and optimal solutions of scalar subproblems in the study of MOEND with adaptive weight ad- justment （MOEA/D-AWA）, a new weight vector design method based on UD is introduced. To distinguish real sparse regions from pseudo sparse regions, i.e. discontinuous regions, of the complex Pareto front, the weight vector adjustment strategy in MOEMD-UD adequately utilizes the information from neighbors of individuals. In the experimental study, we compare MOEA/D-UD with three outstanding algorithms, namely MOEA/D with the dif- ferential evolution operator （MOEA/D-DE）, MOEA/D-AWA and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II （NSGA-II） on nineteen test instances. The experimental results show that MOEA/D-UD is capable of obtaining a well-converged and well diversified set of solutions within an acceptable execution time.
