初带高二会考的几点体会

我是1991年7月从上海师大历史系毕业的青年教师,在1992年9月至93年7月,我独立承担了宜川中学高二年级六个班级的历史教学任务。在93年7月上海市高二历史会考中,我校参加会考的268人中有91名A级,占33.98％,合格率达98.88％。 回顾这一年的教学工作,我有以下几点体会: 一、青年教师要勇挑重担 记得92年夏天,我刚转正为中教二级教师,学校就放手让我独立承担高二历史教学任务。

冀中坳陷饶南地区拆离构造特征

认为前人标定的冀中坳陷南部的饶南地区沙四段与沙三段间的界面是拆离作用形成的构造界面,而非沉积界面。饶南地区拆离构造以原始的基底面为底界,以沙四段-孔店组顶面为顶界,形成一个沉积盖层的底部剪切带,几乎整个沙四段-孔店组被卷入剪切带内,还卷入部分沙三段以及部分基底地层,其平面展布范围受东部边界沧西断裂及西部斜坡和刘村低凸起所限,剪切带内变形很复杂。对拆离构造的特征进行了论述,给出确定拆离构造的的依据,并对拆离构造形成机制进行了初步探讨。

经腹半腹膜外筋内子宫全切术的临床研究

手术适应症 手术要领 子宫切除术为妇科临床最常采用的一种术式,既往,手术途径以径腹腔为主,近年,学者们为降低手术副损伤及术后病率,对子宫切除术式作了许多改进,近期文献曾先后报道了半腹膜外子宫切除术和筋膜内子宫切除术,两种术式各具优点,但将此二种术式结合起来的报道者尚不多。

Spatio-temporal distribution of net primary productivity along the northeast China transect and its response to climatic change

An improved Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach model （CASA model） was used to estimate the net primary productivity （NPP） of the Northeast China Transect （NECT） every month from 1982 to 2000. The spatial-temporal distribution of NPP along NECT and its response to climatic change were also analyzed. Results showed that the change tendency of NPP spatial distribution in NECT is quite similar to that of precipitation and their spatial correlation coefficient is up to 0.84 （P 〈 0.01）. The inter-annual variation of NPP in NECT is mainly affected by the change of the aestival NPP every year, which accounts for 67.6% of the inter-annual increase in NPP and their spatial correlation coefficient is 0.95 （P 〈 0.01）. The NPP in NECT is mainly cumulated between May and September, which accounts for 89.8% of the annual NPP. The NPP in summer （June to August） accounts for 65.9% of the annual NPP and is the lowest in winter. Recent climate changes have enhanced plant growth in NECT. The mean NPP increased 14.3% from 1980s to 1990s. The inter-annual linear trend of NPP is 4.6 gC·m^-2·a^-1, and the relative trend is 1.17%, which owns mainly to the increasing temperature.

“世界观”一词的由来

“世界观”一词,在1800年前后,曾由德国的罗曼蒂克,作为区别于单纯考察客体的综合世界图景,而在主观上、思想上认识世界的意义上开始使用过。修拉埃尔马赫尔从字面上把它理解为“对世界的直观”,而对世界的直观和感情被他看作为宗教的本质。谢林则写道:“我们的世界观是由我们根本的界限性规定的。”这样,世界观在当初带有很主观的意思。(参阅:G·克劳斯、M·布尔编《哲学辞典》,1964年德文版,第599页)以后。

Morphology transformation of primary strip α phase in hot working of two-phase titanium alloy

Microstructural development in hot working of TA15titanium alloy with primary stripαstructure was investigated withthe aim to globularizeαstrips.Results show that the mechanisms of morphology transformation are the same to the spheroidizationmechanisms of lamellar structure.Boundary splitting and termination migration are more important than coarsening due to the largesize of stripα.Theαstrips are stable in annealing due to the unfavorable geometrical orientation of intra-αboundaries,the largethickness of strip and the geometrical stability ofαparticles.Predeformation and low speed deformation accelerate globularization ofαstrips in the following ways:direct changing of particle shape,promotion of boundary splitting and termination migration byincreasing high angle grain boundaries and interfacial area,promotion of coarsening by forming dislocation structures.Largepredeformation combined with high temperature annealing is a feasible way to globularize stripα.

工程机械构件非线性振动的数值仿真及实验研究

利用等效线性化的方法分析了工程机械结构的间隙非线性振动问题。计算模型采用工程机械中常见的带间隙和初载偏移的非线性系统，给出了这类系统的等效刚度和幅频特性。

创业——从自己熟悉的行业干起

现今社会到处都充满了机遇和挑战,一些人凭着自己的聪明才智,以独特的创业方式取得了个人事业上的成功。每当媒体报道新生代富豪们迅速致富的传奇经历时,许多同龄人都羡慕不已:我为什么不能走他的路子呢?

Distribution of living radiolarians in spring in the South China Sea and its responses to environmental factors

Using a planktonic net(62-?m mesh) and a Rose-Bengal staining method, we studied the spatial distribution of living radiolarians in spring along two sections of the South China Sea(SCS) in spring and discussed the responses of living radiolarian distribution to tropical environmental factors. Generally, the highest abundance of living radiolarians occurred at the depth range of 25–75 m, where the chlorophyll-a maximum and the highest primary productivity were. In contrast, the maximum living abundance occurred in the top 25 m in cold eddies in the open seas and the abundance decreased with depth. We found that the inhibition effect of changing salinity(due to runoffs) on living radiolarians was much stronger than the promotion effect of mesoscale cold eddies. We observed that large variation of temperature was unfavorable for living radiolarians. The dominant species composition consisted of tropical-subtropical warm species. We identified some indicator species for tropical environments. Living Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus tetrathalamus could be an indicator for tropical surface water or mixed-layer water, and even for tropical oligotrophic water. Living Tetrapyle octacantha could be used to indicate tropical thermocline and eutrophic environment. Living Acanthodesmia vinculata could indicate tropical surface and subsurface waters. T. octacantha and A. vinculata should only be used as indicators for upwelling in the open seas, i.e., far away from river mouths. Living Siphonosphaera polysiphonia preferred to form colonies, which might be related to the effect of warm eddies. Living Cyrtopera laguncula and living Cornutella profunda occurred in the tropical upper layer, even in the surface layer, which suggests that they should not be used as indicators for intermediate and deep waters.

Assessing the Ecological Carrying Capacity of Countries along the Belt and Road

The Belt and Road Initiative(B&R Initiative)is a crucial strategy to promote regional sustainable development in the new era.However,the realization of the B&R Initiative faces huge challenges because of the dual characteristics of a fragile eco-environment and strong dependence on ecological resources for economic development in the Belt and Road(B&R)countries.The ecological carrying capacity(ECC)is a crucial indicator for evaluating regional sustainable development.From the perspective of the relationship between the supply and consumption of ecological resources,this study uses net primary productivity data to measure the supply capacity of ecological resources,and it uses the agricultural production and trade data provided by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization to measure the level of ecological resource consumption.These supply and consumption data are then used to assess the ECC and ecological carrying status(ECS)of the B&R countries in 2017.The results show that:(1)The ECC of the B&R is 11.097 billion people;the ecosystem can also support 6.433 billion people,and the ECC is in a state of rich and surplus.(2)The ECS is polarized among the regions and countries along the B&R.Of the 65 countries,the ECC of 40 countries is in a rich and surplus state,mainly in Mid-East Europe and Southeast Asia,while the ECC of 19 countries is in severe overload,mainly in West Asia/Middle East.(3)Although the ecosystems still have ample carrying space in countries along the B&R,ecological protection is still facing enormous challenges during the implementation of the B&R Initiative combined with the internationally recognized ecological protection standards as well as the forecasts of the population and economic development.As the core content of building a new international trade network,the B&R Initiative will help to solve the spatial mismatch between the supply and consumption of ecological resources,which provides a new opportunity to coordinate the contradiction between the ecological protection and social demands of the B&R countries.

Nitrogen addition amplified water effects on species composition shift and productivity increase

Aims Water and nitrogen(N)are two key resources in dryland ecosystems,but they may have complex interactive effects on the community structure and ecosystem functions.How future precipitation(rainfall vs snowfall)change will impact aboveground net primary production(ANPP)is far from clear,especially when combined with increasing N availability.Methods In this study,we investigated changes in community productivity,abundance and aboveground biomass of two dominant plant functional groups(PFGs),i.e.perennial rhizome grasses(PR)and perennial bunchgrasses(PB)under the impacts of increased precipitation(rainfall vs snowfall)combined with N addition in a semiarid temperate steppe.Important Findings Summer rainfall augmentation marginally increased community ANPP,whereas it significantly increased the abundance and aboveground biomass of PR,but not those of PB.Summer rainfall addition increased the fraction of PR biomass(fPR)while decreased that of PB(fPB).Spring snow addition had no effect on aboveground biomass of either compositional PFG although it marginally increased community ANPP.Nitrogen addition significantly increased community ANPP with greater increase in PR under summer rainfall addition,indicating strong interactive effects on community ANPP largely by enhancing PR biomass.We also found a nonlinear increase in the positive effect of nitrogen addition on productivity with the increased precipitation amount.These findings indicate an amplified impact of precipitation increase on grassland productivity under the accelerated atmospheric N deposition in the future.