降雨径流计算中的初损量确定探讨

就我国目前的降雨情况来看,存在较大的不均衡。例如我国北方地区降雨量较少而南部地区降雨量极大,从某种程度上分析,地面情况的不同也是降雨量不同的原因之一。在降雨径流计算中,初损量是重要的参数之一,因此初损量的确定具有重要意义。为了保证降雨径流的计算精确性,必须针对不同情况下的初损量进行确定。该文主要针对降雨径流计算中的初损量问题进行探讨,以供相关同行参考与借鉴。

降雨径流计算中的初损量确定探讨

降雨初损量是降雨径流关系中的重要参数之一。文章就降雨径流计算中的初损量问题在不同情况下怎样确定进行探讨。

降雨径流计算中的初损量确定探讨

我国降雨流量是不均衡的,地面情况也是千差万别的,不同的地区降雨径流初损量也是不同的,初损量作为降雨径流关系重要组成参数,在其计算中,面临不同情况对初损量进行确定具有重要作用,对降雨径流计算更为准确。

城市路面产流规律研究

城市路面有较好的产流条件,是城市雨水资源集蓄利用的重要组成部分。城市路面类型主要有沥青路面、水泥混凝土路面、水泥砖人行道路面。通过对不同类型路面降雨产流监测资料的分析研究,得到不同路面的降水初损值、径流系数、总产流量占总降雨量比例、降水量与产流量的关系、降水量与径流系数的关系等,从而对不同路面的产流特性进行了类比分析。

Theoretical analysis on expansion mechanism in carbon dioxide expander

The expansion mechanism inside carbon dioxide expander is analyzed theoretically in this paper.The mechanism analysis of metastable equilibrium indicates that there is a potential barrier during phase change process.That is to say energy is required to overcome the potential barrier when the new interface is formed from primary phase.The superheat of liquid is the impetus of phase change and has an exponential decrease with the increase of the saturated temperature of fluid.The analysis also indicates that there is a critical radius during the phase change process.The bubble will grow up when its radius is larger than the critical value,otherwise,will disappear.When considering the metastable phase change,calculation of P and V during expansion process indicates that the phase-change will be delayed with the decline of pressure,which is called lag phenomenon.The phase-change delay time decreases with the increase of initial temperature.When the initial temperature is close to the critical temperature,the delay time is close to zero.The phase-change delay brings energy losses,which decrease with the increase of initial temperature and its decrease ratio also has a decrease trend.When the initial pressure is 10 MPa,the energy loss will be 1.06 W with an initial temperature of 10℃ while 0.34 W with that of 20℃.