明初重典治吏的主要措施

明初重典治吏的主要措施肖光辉，黄晓明明太祖即位不久，即用“重典治吏”，这是明代别于封建社会其它各朝代而独具的一个显著特征。对明太祖重典治吏的得失，史家评述甚多，但对朱元璋重典治吏的措施却缺乏系统的总结。今梳理有关典籍，将其重典治吏的主要措施归纳为以下...

《玉笙楼遗文》

沈意文外祖著《玉笙楼诗录》有自刻本。遗文惟民初重修《浙江通志稿》有《叶机传》一篇,署钱塘沈寿榕撰(海宁与钱塘同属杭州,故误海宁为钱塘),又有其子《叶烱传》,璧承兄谓亦公所作,故并录于此:

公房上市效果质疑

由政府部门出面举办的’98秋季成都市商品房暨政策性住房上市交易会于9月28日结束,为期4天。本次交易会重点推出了含政策性住房的置换交易,但二手房售出不过30套、约3000m^2。按1500元/m^2计,不过450万元,而整个交易会成交达8.26亿元。就此微小比例(1％),不难得出二手房上市作用有限的结论。又悉,年初重庆公房上市反应更为冷淡。可见。

Seismic velocity inversion based on CNN-LSTM fusion deep neural network

Based on the CNN-LSTM fusion deep neural network,this paper proposes a seismic velocity model building method that can simultaneously estimate the root mean square(RMS)velocity and interval velocity from the common-midpoint(CMP)gather.In the proposed method,a convolutional neural network(CNN)Encoder and two long short-term memory networks(LSTMs)are used to extract spatial and temporal features from seismic signals,respectively,and a CNN Decoder is used to recover RMS velocity and interval velocity of underground media from various feature vectors.To address the problems of unstable gradients and easily fall into a local minimum in the deep neural network training process,we propose to use Kaiming normal initialization with zero negative slopes of rectifi ed units and to adjust the network learning process by optimizing the mean square error(MSE)loss function with the introduction of a freezing factor.The experiments on testing dataset show that CNN-LSTM fusion deep neural network can predict RMS velocity as well as interval velocity more accurately,and its inversion accuracy is superior to that of single neural network models.The predictions on the complex structures and Marmousi model are consistent with the true velocity variation trends,and the predictions on fi eld data can eff ectively correct the phase axis,improve the lateral continuity of phase axis and quality of stack section,indicating the eff ectiveness and decent generalization capability of the proposed method.

Distribution Network Reactive Power Optimization Based on Ant Colony Optimization and Differential Evolution Algorithm

Due to the inherent complexity, traditional ant colony optimization （ACO） algorithm is inadequate and insufficient to the reactive power optimization for distribution network. Therefore, firstly the ACO algorithm is improved in two aspects： pheromone mutation and re-initialization strategy. Then the thought of differential evolution （DE） algorithm is proposed to be merged into ACO, and by producing new individuals with random deviation disturbance of DE, pheromone quantity left by ants is disturbed appropriately, to search the optimal path, by which the ability of search having been improved. The proposed algorithm is tested on IEEE30-hus system and actual distribution network, and the reactive power optimization results are calculated to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved algorithm.

Diesel oil infiltration in soils with selected antecedent water content and bulk density

The effects of soil texture, initial water content and bulk density on diesel oil infiltration in fine sand and silty clay loam materials were evaluated. Three physical and two empirical equations express diesel oil infiltration through soils with time, with coefficients of determination greater than 0.99. Diesel oil infiltrates more quickly in the fine sand than in the silty clay loam material. Diesel oil infiltration rates are found to decrease with increasing initial water content and bulk density for the silty clay loam material. The infiltration rate of diesel oil in the fine sand material increases slightly with increasing initial water content. The diesel oil saturated conductivity(Kdiesel) decreases with increasing bulk density for the silty clay loam column. Diesel oil sorptivity(S) decreases linearly with increased initial water content and bulk density of the silty clay loam material. Changes in empirical parameters relative to initial water content and bulk density are similar to the parameter S.

Swelling characteristics of soils derived from black shales heightened by cations in Northern Chongqing,China

Black shale is widely distributed in southern and western China.The swelling and breakdown characteristics of black shale are important physicomechanical properties in engineering activities.Aqueous solutions with different compositions exert various influences on the swelling characteristic of black shale because of the complexity of its composition.Soils derived from black shale are most commonly developed on black shales with bedded horizons that generally have cutting and weathering profiles.This paper reports an axial free swelling study for soils derived from black shales and developed in the Lower Cambrian black shales in Chengkou County,Chongqing Municipality,Southwest China.To discuss the swelling characteristics of black shale under the influence of cations,an axial free swelling test was conducted on black shale samples while considering the initial water content,weathering stage of black shale,and different cationic solutions with various concentrations.Results showed that the swelling deformation curve of black shale could be divided into three phases:acceleration,deceleration,and stability.The axial swelling ratio eventually decreased with increasing water content,and the axial free swelling rate changed with the free expansion model of the exponential relationship.Under a constant initial water content,the axial swelling rate increased with the intensity of black shale weathering in the same immersion solution.When different types of immersion solutions were used,the cationic price was high and the axial swelling rate increased with rising cation valence.The changes in the swelling ratio were significant at a valence of one or two.The results of this study provide further understanding of the engineering geological characteristics of black shale and the geological hazards caused by the swelling characteristics of black shale.

严复与北京大学

严复是我国19世纪末20世纪初重要的思想家,从某一方面来说,也可以称之为不合时宜的思想家。

Preliminary Research on Primary Energy Source of High Current Electron Beam Accelerator Based on Spiral Pulse Forming Line

In this paper,the primary energy source of high current electron beam accelerator based on spiral pulse forming line is investigated.It consists of the constant-current power supply,the high voltage pulse capacitor,the field distortion switch,and the protection system.The primary energy source can discharge to the primary winding of the transformer with high voltage pulses whose amplitude of voltage is 40kV,current is 80kA,pulse width is 8μs and repetition frequency is less than 5Hz.The primary energy source is applied to a high current electron beam accelerator, and is featured by its compactness,stability and reliability.

An efficient numerical shape analysis for light weight membrane structures

The determination of initial equilibrium shapes is a common problem in research work and engineering applications related to membrane structures. Using a general structural analysis framework of the finite particle method （FPM）, this paper presents the first application of the FPM and a recently-developed membrane model to the shape analysis of light weight mem- branes. The FPM is rooted in vector mechanics and physical viewpoints. It discretizes the analyzed domain into a group of parti- cles linked by elements, and the motion of the free particles is directly described by Newton＇s second law while the constrained ones follow the prescribed paths. An efficient physical modeling procedure of handling geometric nonlinearity has been developed to evaluate the particle interaction forces. To achieve the equilibrium shape as fast as possible, an integral-form, explicit time integration scheme has been proposed for solving the equation of motion. The equilibrium shape can be obtained naturally without nonlinear iterative correction and global stiffness matrix integration. Two classical curved surfaces of tension membranes pro- duced under the uniform-stress condition are presented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

Enhancement of ion transport in porous media by the use of a continuously reoriented electric field

Electromigration in porous media is enhanced by a new type of electrokinetic processing. Compared with a single -oriented electric field, a continuously reoriented electric field was proven to sharply enhance mass transport of several heavy metals in kaolin. The initial concentration of the metals was: Cd: 250 mg/kg; Cu: 250 mg/kg; Ni: 250 mg/kg; Zn: 900 mg/kg. Electric field reorientation was obtained by the use of a fixed anode and a cathode that rotated at different frequencies (0, 0.25, 1.00, 1.25, 2.00, 5.00 and 10.00 r/m). Mass transport evidently increased from 0 r/m to 1.25 r/m, and then decreased as the rotation speed reached 10 r/m. From 0 r/m to 1.25 r/m, mass transport increased 2.87 times for Cd, 3.17 times for Cu, 2.11 times for Ni, and 4.13 times for Zn. We suggest that continuous reorientation of the electric field facilitates the advance of ions through kaolin pores, minimizing the retardation effect caused by media tortuosity.