Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from the biliary epithelium, which frequently invades adjacent organs or metastasizes to other visceral organs such as the lungs, bones, adrenals, and br...Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from the biliary epithelium, which frequently invades adjacent organs or metastasizes to other visceral organs such as the lungs, bones, adrenals, and brain. However, distant skeletal muscle metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma has never been described before to the best of our knowledge and, furthermore, Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is also extremely rare. Here we present the first case overall of distant muscle metastasis from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma presenting as Budd-Chiari syndrome. A 44-year-old man admitted to the hospital with complaints of abdominal distension, edema of both legs, back pain and anorexia of 30 d' duration. Computed tomography and ultrasonography-guided percutaneous muscle biopsy established intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with disseminated thrombosis from inferior vena cava to bilateral iliac and femoral veins, and multiple skeletal muscle metastases in bilateral buttock and erector spinal muscle.展开更多
In order to further enrich the form of 3D Mandelbrot and Julia sets, this paper first presents two methods of generating 3D fractal sets by utilizing discrete modifications of the standard quaternion algebra and analy...In order to further enrich the form of 3D Mandelbrot and Julia sets, this paper first presents two methods of generating 3D fractal sets by utilizing discrete modifications of the standard quaternion algebra and analyzes the limitations in them. To overcome these limitations, a novel method for generating 3D fractal sets based on a 3D number system named ternary algebra is proposed. Both theoretical analyses and experimental results demonstrate that the ternary-algebra-based method is superior to any one of the quad-algebra-based methods, including the first two methods presented in this paper, because it is more intuitive, less time consuming and can completely control the geometric structure of the resulting sets. A ray-casting algorithm based on period checking is developed with the goal of obtaining high-quality fractal images and is used to render all the fractal sets generated in our experiments. It is hoped that the investigations conducted in this paper would result in new perspectives for the generalization of 3D Mandelbrot and Julia sets and for the generation of other deterministic 3D fractals as well.展开更多
This paper examines the implications of ethics as key to sound professionalism in Nigerian journalism. The paper sets out to assess how ethics affect the standard of journalism practice in the country, using media pra...This paper examines the implications of ethics as key to sound professionalism in Nigerian journalism. The paper sets out to assess how ethics affect the standard of journalism practice in the country, using media practitioners in Rivers State, Nigeria as case study. The population of study consisted of the 300 registered journalists in Rivers State of Nigeria, including the editors and managers. The survey research method was used while the questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for data gathering. It was revealed that despite the importance of ethics to journalism practice, journalists＇ adherences to the ethical codes were low. The study also revealed that journalists most times go against the ethics of the profession due to sycophancy, security reasons, desperation, greed, ethical dilemmas, and ignorance of the code of ethics. Based on the timings of the study, it was recommended that media establishments should liaise with the Nigerian Union of Journalist （NUJ） to ensure that only trained journalists are employed to work as journalists. Again the NUJ, it should institute standing disciplinary committee to discipline erring journalists both at the State and National levels. The Ethics Committee of the Nigeria Union of Journalists should regularly review the ethical conducts of journalists and encourage them to adhere to their code of practice展开更多
Geography is a kind of differential calculus in the sense that the three-dimensional, that is, the act of tangentially accessing things, is mapped on to the two-dimensional or the concrete. It is why we can say that t...Geography is a kind of differential calculus in the sense that the three-dimensional, that is, the act of tangentially accessing things, is mapped on to the two-dimensional or the concrete. It is why we can say that the East-West or Occidental versus Oriental dichotomy is so limited in its binary dualism. We could easily criticize not only Said＇s Orientalism, but also in turn, a critical self-defense by turning itself upon its own head. It can indeed be said that the cross or cardinal directions run four different ways and not two. ＂The East＂ is not just Far Eastern, that is, the so-called ＂Asian,＂ but extends to the Far West or to California. Parts of Europe and the Dionysian are not simply limited to Central Europe and Southeastern Asia. We can see in Asia, that is, Eurasia and in North Africa, that 1-2% of non-Sub-saharan human DNA is genotypically Neanderthal in addition to being Homo Sapiens in DNA. 1 The task, it might be said, is to continually remediate binary directions and to reweave Apollo and Dionysos in Friedrich Nietzsche. We can see the limitations of Continentalism in categorizing the human.展开更多
For much of its history, the criminal law of England, and hence of its colonies, counselled husbands to control and correct their wives. The ability to exercise effective domestic authority was an important index of m...For much of its history, the criminal law of England, and hence of its colonies, counselled husbands to control and correct their wives. The ability to exercise effective domestic authority was an important index of manliness. So too was the willingness to use measured force in order to secure sexual relations with an unwilling wife. Criminal law thus immunised husbands from the crime of rape. The great political theorist John Stuart Mill condemned these extensive powers of the husband and called the patriarchal family a ＇nursery of the vices＇. The leading Victorian criminal law jurist James Fitzjames Stephen took the opposite view. The manly man should take control of his little kingdom of the family and criminal law should cede him his sex rights, as it did. Modern criminal law has modemised men and curtailed these rights to women. The husband＇s immunity from rape prosecution has been abolished. What was once endorsed in a manly man is now officially condemned. And yet the discipline of criminal law, as a whole, has not been reconsidered or reconceived. There has been remarkably little reflection about its gendered history and what is has meant for the past and present moral education of men.展开更多
文摘Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from the biliary epithelium, which frequently invades adjacent organs or metastasizes to other visceral organs such as the lungs, bones, adrenals, and brain. However, distant skeletal muscle metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma has never been described before to the best of our knowledge and, furthermore, Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is also extremely rare. Here we present the first case overall of distant muscle metastasis from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma presenting as Budd-Chiari syndrome. A 44-year-old man admitted to the hospital with complaints of abdominal distension, edema of both legs, back pain and anorexia of 30 d' duration. Computed tomography and ultrasonography-guided percutaneous muscle biopsy established intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with disseminated thrombosis from inferior vena cava to bilateral iliac and femoral veins, and multiple skeletal muscle metastases in bilateral buttock and erector spinal muscle.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (Nos. 2004CB719402 and 2002CB312106), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 60375020 and 50305033), and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20020335112)
文摘In order to further enrich the form of 3D Mandelbrot and Julia sets, this paper first presents two methods of generating 3D fractal sets by utilizing discrete modifications of the standard quaternion algebra and analyzes the limitations in them. To overcome these limitations, a novel method for generating 3D fractal sets based on a 3D number system named ternary algebra is proposed. Both theoretical analyses and experimental results demonstrate that the ternary-algebra-based method is superior to any one of the quad-algebra-based methods, including the first two methods presented in this paper, because it is more intuitive, less time consuming and can completely control the geometric structure of the resulting sets. A ray-casting algorithm based on period checking is developed with the goal of obtaining high-quality fractal images and is used to render all the fractal sets generated in our experiments. It is hoped that the investigations conducted in this paper would result in new perspectives for the generalization of 3D Mandelbrot and Julia sets and for the generation of other deterministic 3D fractals as well.
文摘This paper examines the implications of ethics as key to sound professionalism in Nigerian journalism. The paper sets out to assess how ethics affect the standard of journalism practice in the country, using media practitioners in Rivers State, Nigeria as case study. The population of study consisted of the 300 registered journalists in Rivers State of Nigeria, including the editors and managers. The survey research method was used while the questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for data gathering. It was revealed that despite the importance of ethics to journalism practice, journalists＇ adherences to the ethical codes were low. The study also revealed that journalists most times go against the ethics of the profession due to sycophancy, security reasons, desperation, greed, ethical dilemmas, and ignorance of the code of ethics. Based on the timings of the study, it was recommended that media establishments should liaise with the Nigerian Union of Journalist （NUJ） to ensure that only trained journalists are employed to work as journalists. Again the NUJ, it should institute standing disciplinary committee to discipline erring journalists both at the State and National levels. The Ethics Committee of the Nigeria Union of Journalists should regularly review the ethical conducts of journalists and encourage them to adhere to their code of practice
文摘Geography is a kind of differential calculus in the sense that the three-dimensional, that is, the act of tangentially accessing things, is mapped on to the two-dimensional or the concrete. It is why we can say that the East-West or Occidental versus Oriental dichotomy is so limited in its binary dualism. We could easily criticize not only Said＇s Orientalism, but also in turn, a critical self-defense by turning itself upon its own head. It can indeed be said that the cross or cardinal directions run four different ways and not two. ＂The East＂ is not just Far Eastern, that is, the so-called ＂Asian,＂ but extends to the Far West or to California. Parts of Europe and the Dionysian are not simply limited to Central Europe and Southeastern Asia. We can see in Asia, that is, Eurasia and in North Africa, that 1-2% of non-Sub-saharan human DNA is genotypically Neanderthal in addition to being Homo Sapiens in DNA. 1 The task, it might be said, is to continually remediate binary directions and to reweave Apollo and Dionysos in Friedrich Nietzsche. We can see the limitations of Continentalism in categorizing the human.
文摘For much of its history, the criminal law of England, and hence of its colonies, counselled husbands to control and correct their wives. The ability to exercise effective domestic authority was an important index of manliness. So too was the willingness to use measured force in order to secure sexual relations with an unwilling wife. Criminal law thus immunised husbands from the crime of rape. The great political theorist John Stuart Mill condemned these extensive powers of the husband and called the patriarchal family a ＇nursery of the vices＇. The leading Victorian criminal law jurist James Fitzjames Stephen took the opposite view. The manly man should take control of his little kingdom of the family and criminal law should cede him his sex rights, as it did. Modern criminal law has modemised men and curtailed these rights to women. The husband＇s immunity from rape prosecution has been abolished. What was once endorsed in a manly man is now officially condemned. And yet the discipline of criminal law, as a whole, has not been reconsidered or reconceived. There has been remarkably little reflection about its gendered history and what is has meant for the past and present moral education of men.
