浅析电视剧在对外文化传播中的作用——以CCTV-4电视剧节目为例

我国电视对外传播的重要目标之一就是传播中华文化。随着"文化软实力"、"文化巧实力"和"文化吸引力"等概念的出现和流行,包括中央电视台中文国际频道(CCTV-4)在内的对外频道在文化传播层面上被赋予了更多的使命和期待。对外电视频道要通过文化传播,增进海外华侨华人对中华文化的了解、理解和认同。在上世纪末的时候,俄罗斯学者利哈乔夫发表其绝笔力作《解读俄罗斯》,他在书中说了一段颇有哲理的话:一个民族权威的确立,不是靠坦克数量和版图大小,而是靠道德的尊严和人民的文化。他认为,走出危机的惟一出路在于文化的复兴,在于发展自己民族的文化——俄罗斯文化。就对外电视频道而言。

LOCALIZED HADLEY CIRCULATION AND ITS LINKAGE TO PACIFIC SSTA

The 1979-2001 ERA-40 monthly mean meridional winds are used to calculate the mass streamfunctions in the monsoon region (60-140° E) and Nio zone (160° E-120° W),with which the climate characteristics and intensity variation of the localized Hadley circulation (LHC) are analyzed over the two regions and the linkage of this LHC to Pacific SST is explored.Evidence suggests as follows.1) The climatological LHC is stronger in the monsoon than in the Nio zone,with its position in the former northward of the latter,especially in the summer half-year.The resulting difference is due mainly to the land-sea heterogeneous distribution and the existence of a cold pool in the equatorial eastern Pacific.2) The LHC experiences a distinct interannual variability in intensity and during 1979-2001 the LHC strength of the two regions changes broadly in an anti-phase manner.3) The LHC has its intensity associated closely with Pacific SST in such a way that its strength anomaly in the monsoon (Nio) band in January is correlated negatively (positively) with the SSTA over the all-Nio (1-4) zone (ANZ) in the equatorial middle and eastern Pacific but positively (negatively) correlated to SSTA in the C-shaped area that surrounds the ANZ.The pattern of July is in rough agreement with that of January,except for more feeble correlativity in July,especially over the monsoon region;4) The ENSO episode has different impacts on the LHC vigor in the two regions.With the occurrence of an El Nio,the LHC is weakened (strengthened) in the monsoon (Nio) region,and the reversal takes place during the La Nia year,with greater anomaly in the Nio area.

The Quality of Sour Cherry Maidens Fertilized with Various Biopreparations in an Organic Nursery

The study was conducted in an organic nursery of sour cherry cultivars ＂Debreceni Botermo＂ and ＂Sabina＂ in the years 2010 and 2011. Cherry trees grafted on Mahaleb （Prunus mahaleb L.） seedlings were grown at a spacing of 25 crn × 1.0 m. In the nursery, an assessment was carried out of the effect of various biopreparations on such growth characteristics as the thickness and height of the maidens, the formation of lateral shoots and the total increase in their length. The control trees were not treated at all, but fertilized with an NPK fertilizer only （second control）. To stimulate growth, use was made of granular manure, mycorrhizal fungi in the form of the preparation Micosat, humic preparations or so-called vermicomposts （Humus UP, Humus Active）, extracts of marine algae （BF Quality） and of terrestrial plants （BF Arnin）, a product derived from yeast （Vinassa） and Tytanit. The specific biological effects of the preparations used in the sour cherry nursery for each morphological feature are presented in this paper in graphical form. A beneficial effect on the increase in the number of lateral shoots and the increase in their length was produced by the use of such products as： Micosat, Humus UP, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM and Vinassa. The most effective in this respect was BF Amin.

Identification of Bandhead Spin and Identical Bands for Odd-A Nuclei in A-190 Superdeformed Mass Region

The dynamical moment of inertia is estimated with its even-power expansion of the rotational frequency and in accordance we determine the intermediate spins of the superdeformed(SD)rotational bands.Using Marquardt method of nonlinear least-squares routines,we determine the expansion coefficients by fitting the proposed dynamical moment of inertia with its recent experimental data of the SD nuclei in the A=190 mass region.The comparison between our theoretical and available experimental data for the dynamic moment of inertia and spin shows good agreements. Also,we have calculated the static moment of inertia at three alternative values of spin.The value of spin at which the two moments of inertia are nearly equals is to be regarded as a bandhead spin of the corresponding band.These studies are carried out for eighteen bands of odd-A nuclei of the superdeformed region 190,namely ~(189)Hg(b1),~(191)Hg(b1,b2, b3,b4),~(193)Hg(b2,b3,b5),~(195)Hg(b1,b2,b3,b4),~(193)Tl(b1,b2,b3,b5),~(189)Tl(b1),and~(197)Bi(b1).We also notice the occurrence of identical SD bands with near identical transition energies among the considered SD bands.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC HEAT SOURCE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS LATE OR EARLY ONSET

The characteristics of atmospheric heat source associated with the summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea (SCS) are studied using ECMWF reanalysis data from 1979 to 1993. A criterion of the SCS summer monsoon onset is defined by the atmospheric heat source. Applying this criterion to the 15-year (1979 – 1993) mean field, the onset of the SCS summer monsoon is found to occur in the fourth pentad of May. And this criterion can also give reasonable results for the onset time of the SCS summer monsoon on a year-to-year basis. In addition, pretty high correlation has been found between the onset time of the SCS summer monsoon and the zonal mean vertically integrated heat source <Q1> at 40°S in April. The causes for the late or early onset of the SCS summer monsoon and the close relationship between the onset time and the zonal mean vertically integrated heat source <Q1> at 40 °S in April might be explained by the variations in intensity of the Hadley circulation.

Game Spirits in the American Youngsters Series--Take Harry Potter and The Hunger Games as Examples

The series of Harry Potter and the series of The Hunger Games are the most frequently mentioned children＇s and youngster＇s stories after The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Both of them are children＇s and youngster＇s favorite stories. All of them are about children＇s adventures. But because of the time and history, they represent different themes of the time. This research paper aims at analyzing the Game Spirits in the first two. The suspense and surprise, fantastic adventures and time interweaving are shown in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. And the unbelievable background, the lucky number, image of gamble, and the game against humanity are the Game Spirits in The Hunger Games. The purpose of this thesis is to help people better understand Harry Potter and The Hunger Games in the aspect of Game Spirit. Harry Potter is the full of fantastic adventure while The Hunger Game is a story full of survival.

Three Is a Magic Number： The Trinity Archetype in Harry Potter

The significance of the trinity archetype and the number three is recurrent in religions and myths around the world Within the trinity archetype, each element is both distinct from and symbiotic with the other elements--that is to say, each stands apart from the others, but none can truly function alone. This can be seen throughout Greek mythology, for example, The Moirae and The Musai, and of eourse, through the Christian Trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. While the archetype of the trinity appears numerous times throughout the Potter series, at its very heart, the series is centrally focused on a triad of trinities： the Trio （Harry, Ron, and Hermione）, the three Unforgivable Curses, and the three Deathly Hallows. It is the intersection of this triad of trinities--this ＂supertrinity＂--that not only drive the Potter narrative, but connect the work so readily to the psyche of readers and fans; it is how we are harmonically programmed, in terms of understanding stories.

Experiences of Measurement,Reporting and Verification Towards 20% Reduction Target in China

Bali Action Plan provisions acknowledge the fact that developing countries are already making efforts to reduce emissions and move towards a low carbon pathway.The Copenhagen Accord mentions "Nationally appropriate mitigation actions seeking international support will be recorded in a registry along with relevant technology,finance and capacity building support.The phrase "measurable,reportable and verifiable" was critical to the agreement,and the way in which the concept of MRV is reflected in the post-2012 agreement will have significant implications for the effectiveness of that agreement for stakeholders in both developing and developed countries.It is worth looking for current examples of developing country programs that can be measured,reported and verified and examining how countries themselves currently undertake mitigation policies and measures.Many of China's domestic policies have been in effect for several years and thus provide empirical evidence for how such programs can work on the ground.This paper will highlight how MRV is currently applied domestically in China and will not make any specific proposals for negotiators;it only seeks to inform international discussion on how MRV might be applied in practice,and therefore what provisions might be required in a UNFCCC climate agreement.

The Pontecorvo Affaire Reappraised： Five Decades of Cold War Spy-Stories （1948-1998）

In August 1950, the nuclear physicist Bruno Pontecorvo suddenly left Rome for Stockholm and disappeared without leaving any trace. Pontecorvo had joined the British atomic bomb project. His abrupt disappearance quickly became an international affaire, causing much concern to the western intelligence services, who were worried about the escape of atomic secrets to the Soviet Union, especially after Fuchs＇ famous case. In the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics （USSR）, Pontecorvo was welcomed with honour, but also isolated from the rest of the world for many decades. He always denied any direct involvement in the Soviet nuclear programme. According to him, he moved to Russia because of his socialist beliefs, working only on particle physics and peaceful applications of atomic energy. Who was really Bruno Pontecorvo？ A pacifist like Robert Oppenheimer or a communist agent like Klaus Fuchs？ Did he have access to any information about the Manhattan Project during the war, thanks to his friendship with Enrico Fermi？ Did he spy on the Anglo-Canadian programme like Igor Gouzenko, before moving to Russia？ Did he join Soviet military projects across more than 30 years in Dubna？ The author will discuss how the perception of Pontecorvo＇s case changed in the public opinion from the 1950s until the 1990s, as a mirror of the tensions between the two blocks. The whole affaire was object of harsh political confrontation in Italy for almost 50 years. Therefore, the author will also focus on the role played by the Italian communists in Pontecorvo＇s defection to the USSR as well as on such a local debate, which reflects the history of the post-war Italian Communist Party （PCI） until the end of the Cold War.

The Contribution of the Dromedary in the Spontaneous Plant Seeds Transfer in the Northern Algerian Sahara

The current study focuses on the contribution of the dromedary in the preservation and increase of spontaneous flora through seeds transfer by endozoochory. Thus dromedary faeces have been collected in selected area of region of Ghardaia （Northern Algeria Sahara）, since it is one of the three known cameline rangelands during the four successive seasons of the years 2009-2010, in order to examine their seed contents. Our investigation allowed us to invento 1,832 seeds representing 33 different types varying according to the seasons of harvest. The biggest density of seeds was present in summer with 986 seeds, against 424 seeds in winter, 366 seeds in fall and 56 seeds in spring, and of the same way, the biggest number of types was present in summer with 30 types, consistent of the fall season with 26 types, and arrived then the season of winter with 20 types and the one of spring with five types. The gotten results allowed us to appreciate the ecological role of this animal in the desertic ecosystem in the dissemination and the proliferation of the seeds of the spontaneous flora in its fragile and hostile desert environment to the survival of the seeds enveloped in its faeces.

Spatio-temporal Patterns of Vegetation Change in Kazakhstan from 1982 to 2015

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（NDVI）, as a key indicator of vegetation growth, effectively provides information regarding vegetation growth status. Based on the Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling System（GIMMS） NDVI time series data for Kazakhstan from 1982 to 2015, we analyzed the spatial pattern and changes in the vegetation growth trend. Results indicated that the three main types of vegetation in Kazakhstan are cropland, grassland and shrubland, and these are distributed from north to south. While the regional distribution pattern is obvious, the vegetation index decreased from north to south. The average NDVI values of the three main vegetation types are in the order of cropland grassland shrubland. During the period from 1982 to 2015, the NDVI initially increased（1982–1992）, then decreased（1993–2007）, and then increased again（2008–2015）. The areas where NDVI decreased significantly accounted for 24.0% of the total land area. These areas with vegetation degradation are mainly distributed in the northwest junction between cropland and grassland, and in the cropland along the southern border. The proportions of total grassland, cropland and shrubland areas that were degraded are 23.5%, 48.4% and 13.7%, respectively. Areas with improved vegetation, accounting for 11.8% of the total land area, were mainly distributed in the mid-east cropland area, and the junction between cropland and grassland in the mid-east region.

RANDOM DIRICHLET TYPEFUNCTIONS ON THE UNIT BALL OF C^n

The random Dirichlet type functions on the unit ball of Cn are studied. Sufficient conditions of the multipliers of Dμ for 0 < μ≤1, if n = 1 or 0 < μ < 2 if n > 1 are given. The smoothness of random Dirichlet type functions is discussed.

The small hive beetle Aethina tumida： A review of its biology and control measures

The small hive beetle Aethina tumida is an endemic parasitic pest and scavenger of colonies of social bees indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. In this region this species rarely inflicts severe damage on strong colonies since the bees have developed strategies to combat them. However, A. tumida has since ＇escaped＇ from its native home and has recently invaded areas such as North America and Australia where its economic impact on the apiculture industry has been significant. Small hive beetle, should it become established within Europe, represents a real and live threat to the UK bee keeping industry. Here we review the biology and current pest status of A. tumida and up to-date research in terms of both chemical and biological control used against this honey bee pest [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 644-653, 2013].