宋代窑业作坊具利头的初步研究——以景德镇窑为例

本文以宋代景德镇窑的作坊具利头为研究对象,首先确定了利头在宋代的称谓为“利根”,同时考证了配合陶车使用的具体用途。通过对其进行分类与分期的研究,得知先后所出现的规整度不同的匣土质与瓷质利头,对利坯工艺是有着递进式的影响。而在南宋中后期由于盛行支圈组合式覆烧的装烧技术,促使了兼具有规范与修整双功能作用的印模出现,以至于单一修整性的利头迅速减少。

Habitat utilization and resource partitioning of wintering Hooded Cranes and three goose species at Shengjin Lake

The loss and degradation of wetlands have adversely affected waterbirds, which depend on wetland habitats. Interspecific competition has an important effect on habitat utilization of wintering waterbirds. Resource utilization, including partitioning, in degraded wetlands has become a hot issue in ecological studies of wintering waterbirds. In order to have an insight into the habitat utilization and resource partitioning between a Hooded Crane(Grus monacha) population and the guild of three goose species, i.e., Anser fabalis, A. albifrons and A. erythropus wintering in lake wetlands, we carried out a study at Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve from November 2011 to April 2012. We surveyed the Hooded Cranes and goose guild foraging in various habitats during the wintering periods with a combined method of fixed route searching and fixed site observations. Resource partitioning was studied by means of calculating habitat utilization rates and the width and overlap of spatial niches. The results showed that the habitat utilization rate and the width of spatial niches of the Hooded Crane population and goose guild shifted with the season. The habitat utilization rates of the cranes in grasslands were high at all three wintering stages. The habitat utilization rates were 0.454, 0.435 and 0.959 respectively for the Hooded Cranes and 0.627, 0.491 and 0.616 for the goose guild. This suggests that the overlap in grasslands was higher between cranes and goose guild. Most habitats were accessible at the middle stage, so the width of the spatial niche of the cranes(1.099) and goose guild(1.133) both reached their peak at this stage. The greatest niche overlap was 0.914 for these two groups at the late stage, followed by 0.906 at the middle stage and the smallest was 0.854 at the early stage. Ecological response to the changes in habitats of wintering waterbirds was clearly shown in the dynamic variations of the niche of both the Hooded Cranes and the three goose species. Coexistence among waterbirds was achieved by regulation of niche width to reduce niche overlap and relieve interspecific resource partitioning.

Human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Colombia and Chile

AIM： To examine the presence of human papillomavirus （HPV） in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） specimens collected from Colombia and Chile located in the northern and southern ends of the continent, respectively.METHODS： We examined 47 and 26 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded ESCC specimens from Colombia and Chile, respectively. HPV was detected using GP5＋/GP6＋ primer pair for PCR, and confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Sequencing analysis of L1 region fragment was used to identify HPV genotype. In addition, P16^INK4A protein immunostaining of all the specimens was conducted.RESULTS： HPV was detected in 21 ESCC specimens （29%）. Sequencing analysis of L1 region fragment identified HPV-16 genome in 6 Colombian cases （13%） and in 5 Chilean cases （19%）. HPV-18 was detected in i0 cases （21%） in Colombia but not in any Chilean case. Since Chilean ESCC cases had a higher prevalence of HPV-16 （without statistical significance）, but a significantly lower prevalence of HPV-18 than in Colombian cases （P = 0.011） even though the two countries have similar ESCC incidence rates, the frequency of HPV-related ESCC may not be strongly affected by risk factors affecting the incidence of ESCC. HPV-16 genome was more frequently detected in p16 positive carcinomas, although the difference was not statistically significant. HPV-18 detection rate did not show any association with p16 expression. Well-differentiated tumors tended to have either HPV-16 or HPV-18 but the association was not statistically significant. HPV genotypes other than HPV-16 or 18 were not detected in either country.CONCLUSION： HPV-16 and HPV-18 genotypes can be found in ESCC specimens collected from two South American countries. Further studies on the relationship between HPV-16 presence and p16 expression in ESCC would aid understanding of the mechanism underlying the presence of HPV in ESCC.

Development of a drill energy utilization index for aiding selection of drill machines in surface mines

Drill machines used in surface mines, particularly in coal, is characterized by a very poor utilization （around 40%） and low availability （around 60%）. The main purpose of this study is to develop a drill selec- tion methodology and simultaneously a performance evaluation technique based on drill cuttings produced and drilling rate achieved. In all 28 blast drilled through were investigated. The drilling was accomplished by 5 different drill machines of Ingersoll-Rand and Revathi working in coal mines of Sonepur Bazari （SECL） and Block-II （BCCL）. The drills are Rotary and Rotary Percussive type using tri- cone rock roller bits. Drill cuttings were collected and sieve analysis was done in the laboratory. Using Rosin Ramler Diagram, coarseness index （CI）, mean chip size （d）, specific-st trace area （SSA） and charac- teristic particle size distribution curves for all the holes drilled were plotted. The predictor equation for drill penetration rate established through multiple regressions was found to have a very good correlation with an index of determination of 0.85. A comparative analysis of particle size distribution curves was used to evaluate the drill efficiency. The suggested approach utilises the area under the curve, after the point of trend reversal and brittleness ratio of the respective bench to arrive at drill energy utilization index （DEUI）, for mapping of drill machine to bench, The developed DEU1 can aid in selecting or mapping a right machine to right bench for achieving higher penetration rate and utilizations.

ARROW-WTCP:A fast transport protocol based on explicit congestion notification over wired/wireless networks

An explicit congestion notification (ECN)-based distributed transport protocol,ARROW-WTCP (AcceleRate tRansmission towards Optimal Window size TCP for Wireless network),was proposed.The ARROW-WTCP enables feasible deployment of ARROW-TCP from wired to wireless networks by providing a joint design of source and router algorithms.The protocol obtains the actual capacity of the wireless channel by calculating the queue variation in base station (BS) and adjusts the congestion window by using the feedback from its bottleneck link.The simulation results show that the ARROW-WTCP achieves strong stability,max-min fairness in dynamic networks,fast convergence to efficiency without introducing much excess traffic,and almost full link utilization in the steady state.It outperforms the XCP-B (eXplicit Control Protocol Blind),the wireless version of XCP,in terms of stability,fairness,convergence and utilization in wireless networks.

Quo Vadis Archimedean Turbines Nowadays in Greece, in the Era of Transition？

According to recent hydropower inventories, the first aim of this paper is to prove that Greece is a real ＂Archimedean Soft Small Hydro Development Terra Incognita＂. It is a country in the Era of Transition of nowadays, having an important unexploited hydropower potential of several TWh and thousands of MW. The second goal is to present the results of rediscovering the old screw pumps and the always-modern Archimedean cochlear screw ideas as a series of soft hydropower turbines with inclined axis rotors and floating spiral screw devices. By following the similarity methodology, a few small-scale models of cochlear rotors were designed, developed and tested in an Armfield hydraulic channel. The conventional and unconventional, low or zero-head screw turbines, could efficiently harness the important and unexploited Greek small potential and kinetic hydraulic energy of all the natural watercourses, the man-made open urban or rural channels and the most important tidal or sea currents, producing useful green electricity. The very promising low-head hydropower inventory of Greece, the preliminary experimental results and the research studies of cochlear projects in watercourses, hydraulic works, tidal conditions of Euripus Strait and in the mysterious ＂Sea River Current of Cephalonia＂, seems to give a good answer to the question ＂Quo Vadis Archimedes nowadays in Greece, in the Era of Transition？＂.

Mixed Market Competition in a Quality Differentiated Duopoly Model An Approach to Banking Sector

This paper attempts to develop a theoretical framework to investigate the competitive implications of quality choices of financial institutions whereby they charge prices to consumers based on their willingness to pay for the service qualities in the mixed market scenario under vertical product differentiation model. Initially, it analyzes benchmark equilibrium solutions of monopoly and duopoly to establish the degree of quality differentiation between two private banks in an uncover market configuration. Further, it estimates the quality differentiation between private and public banks, and examines the interaction between two market structures keeping public bank as both leader and follower, and then measures the social welfare from different prospectives. The explicit operation of two stages Nash equilibrium game forecasted that public banks＇ monopoly seems to be still better than a private banking, and it is socially optimal. The outcome demonstrates a significant importance of vertical quality differentiation for policy implication in banking industry and provides an insight on the reasons of particular co-existence of public and private banking services in the specified location. In this context, it is concluded that the presence of public banks in banking industries is a crucial condition for obtaining the higher range of social welfare.

The observation on different effectiveness between the embedding needle therapy and medication in the preventative treatment of chronic migraine

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of the embedding needle therapy in the preventative treatment of chronic migraine.Methods: A total of 36 patients with chronic migraine were divided into an embedding needle therapy group and a flunarizine group according to random number table, 18 cases in each group. In the embedding needle therapy group, the thumb-tack needles were used at Sizhúkōng(丝竹空TE 23), Hànyàn(颔厌GB 4), Wángǔ(完骨GB 12) and Cuánzhú(攒竹BL 2) and the needles were embedded for 24 h. The embedding needle therapy was given three times a week. In the flunarizine group, flunarizine was prescribed, 10 mg a day. Separately, at the end of the 4-week treatment and in 4 weeks of the follow-up, the number of days of headache attack per month(days/month) and the headache duration(hours/month)in the cases with moderate to severe headache were observed in the two groups.Results: The number of days of headache attack in the cases with moderate to severe headache was reduced after treatment as compared with the number before treatment in the two groups. The headache duration was reduced obviously after treatment in the cases of moderate to severe headache in the two groups. In the 4-week follow-up, all the indexes were still reduced as compared with the indexes before treatment, indicating the significant differences in the two groups(both P < 0.05). In the embedding needle therapy group, at the end of the 4-week treatment and in 4 weeks of the follow-up, the number of days of headache attack per month was(8.1 ± 2.4) days and(7.2 ± 1.6) days separately, which were significant difference as compared with(9.7 ± 2.3) days and(8.9 ± 1.4) days in the flunarizine group(both P < 0.05). Regarding the headache duration, at the end of the 4-week treatment and in 4 weeks of the follow-up, it was(105.6 ± 10.5) h/month and(92.1 ± 7.2) h/month respectively in the embedding needle therapy group, indicating the significant differences as compared with(135.4 ± 8.9) h and(116.1 ± 8.2) h in the flunarizine group respectively(both P < 0.05).Conclusion: The 4-week treatment with the embedding needle therapy obviously reduces the number of days of headache attack and the headache duration, presents the preventative effects in the patients with chronic migraine.

5-HT receptors mediating external carotid vasoconstriction in vagosympathectomized dogs

One specific example reflecting the completity ofcardiovascular responses induced by serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine;5-HT)and the progress achieved inthe pharmacological characterization of the receptorsinvolved can be illustrated by the effects of 5-HT on thecanine external carotid artery bed.Within thisframework,it has been shown that the external carotidvasoconstrictor response to 5-HT in the dog is mediatedby'5-HT_(1)-like'receptors,which being blocked by the5-HT_(1B/1D)receptor antagonist GR127935,resemble 5-HT_(1B/1D)(previously called 5-HT_(1B/1D))receptors.It was proposed that these receptors coilld belong to the 5-HT_(lB),rather than the 5-HT_(lD),subtype on the basis of their resistance to blockade by a high dose of ritanserin(a potential 5-HT_(lD)receptor antagomst and the presence of mRNA for 5-HT_(lB)(5-HT_(lDB))receptors,but not for 5-HT_(lD)(5-HT_(lD))receptors,in vascalar smooth muscle.With the advent of subtype-selective antagonists it was subsequently shown that the external carotid vasocenstriction to 5-HT and surmantriptan is dose-dependently antagonized by the selective 5-HT_(lB)receptor antagonist SB224289[2,3,6.7-telrahydro-I'-methyl-5-[2'-methyl-4(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-y1)biphenyl-4-carbonyl]]furo[2,3-f]indole-3-spiro-4'-piperidine hydrochloride],whereas the selective 5-HT_(lD)receptor antagonist BRL15572[l(3-chloropheny1)-4-[3,3-diphenyl(2-(S,R)hydroxypropany1)piperazine]hydrochloride was inefective.These findings represent the first in vivo evidence showing that vascular constriction induced by 5-HT and sumatriptan is mediated primarily via 5-HT_(lB),but not 5-HT_(lD)receptors.The pharmacological profile of these receptors could be similar(isolated human temporal artery and porcine carotid arteriovenous anastomoses)to other putative 5-HT_(lB)receptors mediating vasoconstrictor responses.In view of the putative pathophysiologic role of external carotid(and extracerebral)vasodilation in migraine,the constriction of these blood vessels by sumatriptan via 5-HT_(lB)receptors may be,at least partly,responsible for its therapeutic efficacy in migraine.