基于托里拆利点的柔性互联装置直流电压波动抑制策略

针对柔性互联装置交流电网三相不平衡引发直流侧电压波动的问题,提出一种基于托里拆利点的柔性互联装置直流电压波动抑制策略。首先,通过定义三相不平衡不对称故障系统电压三角形托里拆利点为“新中性点”,将传统三相坐标系下的电压幅值不对称、相角漂移的故障转化为托里拆利点坐标系下的电压幅值故障;其次,通过分析系统三相功率有功功率振荡、直流波动之间的关系,建立新型控制策略,通过抑制有功功率二倍频分量波动,有效抑制系统直流母线电压波动。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink搭建仿真模型,验证了所提方法的正确性。

基于平稳序列的沪深300股指期货最优套利点研究

基于正态分布和t分布的平稳序列前提,给出了沪深300股指期货跨期套利的最优套利点确定方法.通过对沪深300股指期货不同合约之间的差价进行平稳性检验,发现大部分差价具有平稳性,所以基本适用于给出的最优套利点分析方法.经过对5个平稳差价序列的最优套利点分析,发现△P_(12-07)=IF_(1212)-IF_(1207)和△P_(12-09)=IF_(1212)-IF_(1209)的套利期望收益较大,应该成为沪深300股指期货跨期套利的主要关注对象.

Detection of the Quantitative Trait Loci with AFLP and RFLP Markers for Phosphorus Uptake and Use Efficiency in Rice

To identify genetic factors underlying phosphorus (P) uptake and use efficiency under low_P stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.), 84 selected genotypes (recombinant inbred lines) and their parents (which differed in tolerance for low_P stress) “IR20” and IR55178_3B_9_3, were cultured in liquid medium supplemented with adequate and low P levels in a greenhouse. Plants were sampled after 6 weeks in culture for measurements of plant dry weight, P concentration, P uptake and P use efficiency under both P sufficient and stress conditions. A total of 179 molecular markers, including 26 RFLPs and 153 AFLPs, mapped on all 12 chromosomes of rice based on the 84 selected genotypes were used to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying tolerance for low_P stress. Three QTLs were detected on chromosomes 6, 7 and 12, respectively, for relative plant dry weight (RPDW) and relative P uptake (RPUP). One of the QTLs flanked by RG9 and RG241 on chromosome 12 had a major effect which explained about 50% of the variations in the two parameters across the population. The results coincided with the QTLs for low_P stress based on relative tillering ability from the same population from a cross between Nipponbare and Kasalath under soil condition. The identical major QTL for P uptake and plant growth under low_P stress in both liquid medium and soil strongly suggests that the ability of P uptake mainly controls rice tolerance for low_P stress.

Analysis of Land Use Characteristics in Mountainous Areas in Yunnan Province Based on Second National Land Survey

Abstract Based on Second National Land Survey during 2007-2009 and land use type survey in ftatland areas, status quo of land use in mountainous areas in Yun- nan was measured, and analysis was made on land use in mountainous areas in terms of land use structure, degree and development potential, providing references for rational use of land in mountainous areas in Yunnan.

Reverse Loop subdivision with sharp features

In this paper we introduce a new reverse Loop subdivision method. In contrast to current wavelets based Loop subdivision scheme, our method applies the same rules to both regular and extraordinary vertices and reconstructs the sharp features easily. Furthermore, our method runs faster because it does not need analysis and synthesis procedural. Our main goal is the design of a reverse subdivision method that can reconstruct the coarser mesh from a finer subdivision surface with sharp features for multiresolution representation, The proposed method only needs a little memory storage and brings little error, and it is easy to implement.

Surface Plasmon Assisted Directional Rayleigh Scattering

The origin of the Rayleigh scattering ring effect has been experimentally examined on a quantum dot/metal film system, in which CdTe quantum dots embedded in PVP are spincoated on a thin Au film. On the basis of the angle-dependent, optical measurements under different excitation schemes （i.e., wavelength and polarization）, we demonstrate that surface plasmon assisted directional radiation is responsible for such an effect. Moreover, an interesting phase-shift behavior is addressed.

Land-use Change and Socio-economic Driving Forces of Rural Settlement in China from 1996 to 2005

While urbanization has accelerated, the rural population in China has started decreasing in recent years. However, the expansion of rural settlement has not been sufficiently curbed. The questions of why this has happened and who has driven the land-use change(LUC) of rural settlement in China have aroused great interests among researchers. In this paper, it is suggested that population is not always a positive driving force for the LUC of rural settlement in China. Furthermore, socio-economic driving forces other than urbanization, population and industrialization are analyzed. On a national scale, the major driving forces are the per-capita rural housing area and the cultivated land area. On a regional scale, the main driving forces in the eastern China are the house-building capacity of rural households and the per-capita rural housing area; while in the central China, the main driving forces are rural housing investment, the proportion of primary industry employees in the rural working population, and the cultivated land area. For the western China, the main driving forces are rural register population and cultivated land area.

Combining CLUE-S and SWAT Models to Forecast Land Use Change and Non-point Source Pollution Impact at a Watershed Scale in Liaoning Province, China

Non-point source(NPS) pollution has become a major source of water pollution. A combination of models would provide the necessary direction and approaches designed to control NPS pollution through land use planning. In this study, NPS pollution load was simulated in urban planning, historic trends and ecological protection land use scenarios based on the Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent(CLUE-S) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) models applied to Hunhe-Taizi River Watershed, Liaoning Province, China. Total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were chosen as NPS pollution indices. The results of models validation showed that CLUE-S and SWAT models were suitable in the study area. NPS pollution mainly came from dry farmland, paddy, rural and urban areas. The spatial distribution of TN and TP exhibited the same trend in 57 sub-catchments. The TN and TP had the highest NPS pollution load in the western and central plains, which concentrated the urban area and farm land. The NPS pollution load would increase in the urban planning and historic trends scenarios, and would be even higher in the urban planning scenario. However, the NPS pollution load decreased in the ecological protection scenario. The differences observed in the three scenarios indicated that land use had a degree of impact on NPS pollution, which showed that scientific and ecologically sound construction could effectively reduce the NPS pollution load in a watershed. This study provides a scientific method for conducting NPS pollution research at the watershed scale, a scientific basis for non-point source pollution control, and a reference for related policy making.

Controlling Non-Point Source Pollution in Australian Agricultural Systems

The Australian farming sector is continuing to intensify, particularly within 300 km of the east and southern coastlines. In the future there will be fewer and larger farms, which will use more fertilizer, support more stock, grow more monoculture crops, and utilise more marginal soils. This is likely to increase the major environmental impacts of soil degradation, salt, nutrient and sediment contamination of waterways, and greenhouse gas emissions. Australian national water policy continues to focus on land, stream and groundwater salinity issues, although there is now a greater recognition of the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture. The general philosophy of policy for dealing with non- point source pollution has been towards a voluntary rather than regulatory approach, with state and national governments supporting a range of programs to encourage sustainable agricultural practices. A catchment (watershed) based approach, through the use of integrated catchment management plans, is the primary way that non-point source pollution is addressed at the farm and local level. At an industry level, cotton, grains, meat, sugarcane and dairy amongst others, as well as the Australian fertilizer industry, have responded to non-point source issues by investing in research and development, and developing codes of practice aimed at abating these environmental impacts. Understanding the economic, social, political and cultural contexts of farming as well as the environmental impacts of agriculture are very important in determining the appropriateness of policy responses for Australian farming systems.

Design of maximizing homogeneous and heterogeneous clustered sensor network lifetime

Aimed at the problem of unbalanced energy existed in sensor networks, the clustered method is employed to enhance the efficient utilization of limited energy resources of the deployed sensor nodes. In this paper, we describe the network lifetime as a function of the communication and data aggregation energy consumption and analyze the lifetime of different transmission schemes in the homogeneous and heterogeneous sensor networks. The analysis carried out in this paper can provide the guidelines for network deployment and protocol design in the future applications.

Informal Sector Solid Waste Collection and Recycling in Zaria, Nigeria

Management of solid wastes has become a critical issue for almost all the major cities in Nigeria. Although the responsibility for solid waste management remains primarily with the local government councils, several other stakeholders are playing significant roles in the system. In Zaria, the scavengers, waste pickers and collectors eke out a living by collecting waste and selling recyclable materials out of the urban solid wastes. The paper utilized data collected using questionnaire survey, in-depth discussion guides and open-ended interviews to examine the socio-economic characteristics, the functions, aspects of involvement of children, the working conditions and problems of waste collectors and pickers in Zaria. The paper found that the sector is the only means of solid waste collection in several sections of the town and is a source of livelihood for the poor. The activities help in realizing the aim of modern waste management, that is to move up the solid waste management hierarchy by reducing reliance on disposal and increasing recycling. In spite of these important functions, informal waste collection and recycling are associated with problems of unsanitary conditions and health risks to the communities and the waste collectors. Recommendations have been made to integrate the informal sector into the formal waste management by incorporating the employment needs of the urban poor and enhancing the efficiency of government in addressing the main problems.

Efficient Task Scheduling for Many Task Computing with Resource Attribute Selection

Many Task Computing(MTC)is a new class of computing paradigm in which the aggregate number of tasks,quantity of computing,and volumes of data may be extremely large.With the advent of Cloud computing and big data era,scheduling and executing large-scale computing tasks efficiently and allocating resources to tasks reasonably are becoming a quite challenging problem.To improve both task execution and resource utilization efficiency,we present a task scheduling algorithm with resource attribute selection,which can select the optimal node to execute a task according to its resource requirements and the fitness between the resource node and the task.Experiment results show that there is significant improvement in execution throughput and resource utilization compared with the other three algorithms and four scheduling frameworks.In the scheduling algorithm comparison,the throughput is 77%higher than Min-Min algorithm and the resource utilization can reach 91%.In the scheduling framework comparison,the throughput(with work-stealing)is at least 30%higher than the other frameworks and the resource utilization reaches 94%.The scheduling algorithm can make a good model for practical MTC applications.

Land Use Change and Anthropogenic Driving Forces:A Case Study in Yanhe River Basin

Human activities alter land use patterns and affect landscape sustainability. It is therefore very important to investigate the relationship between land use change and human activities. This study focuses on the detection of changing land use patterns in the Yanhe River Basin in northern Loess Plateau of China between 1995 and 2008. Landscape metrics were used to analyze the changing land use patterns and to explore the related anthropogenic driving forces. Results show that:1) Totally, 186 590 ha of croplands were converted into alternate land-use types (equivalent to 61.7% of the original cropland area). The majority of cropland areas were found to be converted into grassland and woodland areas (accounting for 55.9% and 4.9% respectively of the original cropland areas). 2) Both cropland and woodland demonstrated an increasing fragmentation tendency while grasslands showed a decreasing fragmentation tendency. 3) Multiple driving forces of land use change were thought to act together to changes in landscape metrics in the Yanhe River Basin. The anthropogenic driving forces were analyzed from four perspectives:ecological conservation policy, labor force transfer, industrial development, and rural settlement. The policy of the GfG (Grain for Green) project was the main driving factor which expedited the conversion from cropland to woodland and grassland. Industrial development was also found to affect land use change through the direct impact of economic activities such as oil exploration and agricultural production, or through indirect impacts such as the industrial structures readjustment. Labor force transfer from rural to urban areas was found to follow the industrial structure readjustment and further drove land use change from cropland to off-farm land use. Establishment of new tile-roofed houses instead of cave-type dwellings in rural settlements has helped to aggregate the original scattered land-use type of construction.

Effect of Agricultural Land Use Changes on Soil Nutrient Use Efficiency in an Agricultural Area,Beijing,China

Agricultural land use and management practices may affect soil properties,which play a critical role in sustaining crop production.Since the late 1970s,several new agricultural land use types had been introduced in the rural areas of China.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of these land use changes on the soil properties,nu-trient absorption rate,and nutrient use economic efficiency ratio in an agricultural area of Beijing.Specifically,the cropland,the orchard and the vegetable field were examined.Results of this study suggest that land use and farming management practices significantly affect the content of soil organic carbon (SOC),total nitrogen (TN),total phos-phorus (TP),and available phosphorus in the surface layer of 0-25 cm (p<0.05) in the Yanqing Basin,northwestern Beijing.Soil nutrients in each agricultural land use type decrease rapidly with the increasing soil depth.Orchard and vegetable field tend to have higher soil nutrients than the cropland does.However,the soil nutrient-absorption rate (NAR) of the orchard and vegetable field is lower than that of the cropland,even though orchard and vegetable field may provide much higher economic benefit.While increasing SOC,TN,and TP in the orchard and vegetable field by intensive farming may be a valuable option to improve soil quality,potential increase in the risk of nutrient loss,or agricultural non-point source pollution can be a tradeoff if the intensive practices are not managed appropriately.

The HINT ProjectmExploring the Use of New Technologies in Heritage Interpretation

The HINT project is a four-country collective of Global heritage interpretation. HINT is a two-year project part funded Geoparks researching the uses and benefits of new technologies in by the European Leader Programme. The partners are Geopark Shetland （Scotland）, Chablais Geopark （France）, North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty （England） and Geopark de Hondsrug （The Netherlands）. Each partner has developed a pilot project to investigate the practicalities of interpreting and communicating heritage, especially geological heritage, using a particular technology. An overview of each of the four pilot projects is given. The overall aim of the pilot projects is to develop best practice in using new technologies for heritage interpretation and to share information and ideas within the project partnership and with geoparks and heritage organizations around the world. This paper, developed by the HINT partners, aims to give an insight into the practical process of developing interpretive tools using new technologies. Some common problems are highlighted and some ways in which these can be addressed are shown.

From the Eyes of the Soul to the Sense of the Body： An Interpretation to the Philip Roth＇s The Human Stain

The Human Stain （2000） is a novel full of the characteristics ofvisualism, making the readers imagine the fair skin of Coleman as a black, as well as the black identity hidden under his fair skin. Black and white, these two colors create the general ideology of the book. Coleman revels in his personal feeling of the body because of the vision of his skin color, thus leading to his irreplaceable desire, emotion, and inner spiritual experience, This paper tries to analyze and explore the racialism existing in the novel by applying the gaze theory and offering a philosophical interpretation to the Coleman＇s tragedy. Coleman feels the pressure of betraying himself from time to time, and confounds himself with the virtual image in other＇s gaze. In order to seize back the subjectivity lost in the adversarial gaze from the white, Coleman resists it at the cost of cutting off relationship with his mother, which impressively shows the solitude and alienation of the black race in the American modem civilization.

Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Bilingual Educational Programs The Prospects of Pilot Programs in Georgia

Multilingual Education Programs Regulation was adopted and the implementation of bilingual educational reform started in Georgia in 2010. The paper presents research results on readiness of non-Georgian schools to implement multilingual educational programs effectively. The research studied the important factors influencing the effectiveness of bilingual educational programs, specifically （1） type of program, （2） human resources of schools and teachers professional development, （3） bilingual education as shared vision for all school stakeholders, and （4） community and parental involvement in designing and implementation of bilingual educational programs. The following research methods were used during the research： （1） quantitative and qualitative content analysis of bilingual educational programs of 26 non-Georgian schools of Kvemo Kartli and Samtskhe-Javakheti regions of Georgia, （2） quantitative survey of non-Georgian school principals through questionnaires, and （3） quantitative survey of non-Georgian schools＇ teachers of different subjective groups through questionnaire. The study revealed that schools are implementing mostly ＂weak＂ bilingual educational programs. The schools implementing bilingual educational programs do not have sufficient human resources, bilingual education is not a shared vision for all school stakeholders and parents and community are not actively involved in designing and implementation of the programs.

Land Use Regionalization of Rural Settlements in China

This paper compartmentalizes regional land use of rural settlements in China by employing a hierarchical clustering method.The statistic data are sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics of China(NBSC) and the data of land use change from the Ministry of Land and Resources of China(MLRC).The population of rural settlement decreases from the southeast to the northwest of China and the density of rural settlement decreases from the east to the west of China.Land-use scale of rural settlement,the proportion of one-storey houses and the average household area decrease from the north to the south of China.The ratio of area of cultivated land to rural settlement is high in the northeast and southwest of China but low in the southeast of China.The land use regionalization of rural settlement can be divided into four regions,namely:the northern region of China,Qinghai-Tibet,Yunnan-Guizhou,and the middle and eastern region of China.The northern region of China and the middle and eastern region of China can be further divided into nine sub-regions:Xinjiang,Northeast China,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia,North China,the south of the Changjiang(Yantze) River and Sichuan Basin,Jiangsu-Shanghai,South China,the Loess Plateau,and Guangxi.In consideration of the significant regional differences,it is proposed that different policies should be implemented regarding the utilization and management of rural settlements.

Diffusion of Solar Energy Use in the Built Environment Supported by New Design

Places of large potentials of sustainable energy production and places of large energy consumption are often very different and separated by large distances across the globe. This paper first discusses potentials of solar technology in terms of global availability using PV （photovoltaic） technology and actual energy production. Solar energy is widely under-used and one way to reduce this is to improve production in low-energy places with high demand： large cities. According to this option, about 40% of the electricity consumption in the built environment could be produced by solar PV systems and energy storage systems. This paper discusses conditions in the built environment and functional and design qualities enabling an increased diffusion of the technologies In a comparative analysis of PV technologies, the criteria taken into account encompass efficiency of the type of solar cell and commercial availability. Special attention is paid to the design features of different PV systems, like flexibility, colour and transparency that might help in their utilization as integrated in building material and ornaments in modem architecture. The same procedure is followed for electricity storage devices. The preliminary conclusion is that at present the freedom of design is largest for a combination of crystalline silicon PV cells and Li-ion batteries.

Evaluating the Potential Economic Benefits of the New South Wales Node of Australia＇s Integrated Marine Observing System： [NSW-IMOS]

The Integrated Marine Observing System [IMOS] is an Australian national program for observing the oceans around Australia. As one of its important nodes, the New South Wales Integrated Marine Observing System （NSW-IMOS] aims to provide more accurate descriptions of the East Australian Current [EAC]. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potential economic benefits from NSW-IMOS. Six related sectors which can potentially be among its main beneficiaries are considered： beach recreation, commercial fishing, recreational fishing, recreational boating, natural hazard predictions, and oil spill mitigation. The 1% constant percentage increase evaluation method is used to estimate the potential economic benefits to these six beneficiaries. By using this method, our study shows that the total potential economic benefit for these sectors is estimated to be $ 6.07 million per year. We consider that this is indicative but not conclusive in demonstrating some of the potential economic benefits that can be provided from information gathered by NSW-IMOS facilities. We conclude with further evaluative approaches that could be used to provide more accurate estimates of potential economic benefits.