以人工智能为手段对体现人类美学价值的创造性文本进行二次加工和二次创作的翻译,是否有效可行?对这一问题的研究尚处于早期阶段。《利用技术进行创造性文本翻译》(Using Technologies for Creative-text Translation)一书深入该新兴领...以人工智能为手段对体现人类美学价值的创造性文本进行二次加工和二次创作的翻译,是否有效可行?对这一问题的研究尚处于早期阶段。《利用技术进行创造性文本翻译》(Using Technologies for Creative-text Translation)一书深入该新兴领域,汇编的文章探讨内容广泛,涵盖终端使用者对机器翻译创造性文本的见解与批评、机器翻译在创造性文本中的应用等范围。本文简述该著作所立足的背景、梳理文内的逻辑关系、标识所得的研究发现、总结该著作所传达的巧思,启发学者、译者、从业者对创造性文本的机器翻译引入进一步思考。总而言之,该书兼顾多个学科视角,彰显前瞻性,总结前期研究成果,引领未来考究思路,引介该书为各方利益相关者提供了可行的解题方向。展开更多
Distribution patterns of plant species are believed to be impacted by small-scale habitat heterogeneity. However, there have been few comparative studies examining how woody vegetation composition and diversity varies...Distribution patterns of plant species are believed to be impacted by small-scale habitat heterogeneity. However, there have been few comparative studies examining how woody vegetation composition and diversity varies with aspects of different orientations in the Trans-Himalayan region at a local scale. Here, we examined the effects of incoming solar radiation on variation in woody species composition and compared the diversity between the northeast- and southwest-facing slopes in a Trans-Himalayan valley of Nepal. We also examined the implicit interactions between slope orientation and land use in determining the compositional variations between the slopes. We selected two pairs of northeast- and southwest-facing slopes where the first pair has a similar land use and differs in exposure only(Pisang site) while the other pair has clear differences in land use in addition to slope exposure(Braka site). In each site, we sampled 72 plots(36 on each slope) in which the presence and absence of woody species, environmental variables, and disturbance were recorded. Correspondence Analysis(CA) results suggested that the woody species composition significantly varied between northeast- and southwest-facing slopes at both sites, and was significantly correlated with measured environmental variables such as radiation index, altitude, and canopy openness. In the Braka site,mean alpha diversity was significantly higher on southwest-facing slopes. In contrast, beta diversity and gamma diversity were greater on northeast-facing slopes at both sites. Our results suggest that topographic variables(e.g., radiation index) affect species composition between the slopes, likely due to their influence on small scale abiotic environmental variables. However, the effects of land use, such as livestock browsing/grazing may interact with the effects of slope exposure, effectively reducing differences in species composition within slopes but enhancing the differences in beta diversity between contrasting slopes in the Braka. We conclude that slope orientation and land use are important factors in structuring the woody species composition and diversity in the arid Trans-Himalayan region. We suggest that both environmental and land use variables should be taken into consideration in future studies on plant community structure along the cultural landscapes.展开更多
文摘以人工智能为手段对体现人类美学价值的创造性文本进行二次加工和二次创作的翻译,是否有效可行?对这一问题的研究尚处于早期阶段。《利用技术进行创造性文本翻译》(Using Technologies for Creative-text Translation)一书深入该新兴领域,汇编的文章探讨内容广泛,涵盖终端使用者对机器翻译创造性文本的见解与批评、机器翻译在创造性文本中的应用等范围。本文简述该著作所立足的背景、梳理文内的逻辑关系、标识所得的研究发现、总结该著作所传达的巧思,启发学者、译者、从业者对创造性文本的机器翻译引入进一步思考。总而言之,该书兼顾多个学科视角,彰显前瞻性,总结前期研究成果,引领未来考究思路,引介该书为各方利益相关者提供了可行的解题方向。
基金Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP)Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund (Lnekassen)+2 种基金Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,University of Bergen for financingfunded by Norwegian Research Council(project no.148910/730)supported by The Norwegian Council for Higher Education Programme for Development Research and Education(NUFU Project ID:PRO 04/2002)
文摘Distribution patterns of plant species are believed to be impacted by small-scale habitat heterogeneity. However, there have been few comparative studies examining how woody vegetation composition and diversity varies with aspects of different orientations in the Trans-Himalayan region at a local scale. Here, we examined the effects of incoming solar radiation on variation in woody species composition and compared the diversity between the northeast- and southwest-facing slopes in a Trans-Himalayan valley of Nepal. We also examined the implicit interactions between slope orientation and land use in determining the compositional variations between the slopes. We selected two pairs of northeast- and southwest-facing slopes where the first pair has a similar land use and differs in exposure only(Pisang site) while the other pair has clear differences in land use in addition to slope exposure(Braka site). In each site, we sampled 72 plots(36 on each slope) in which the presence and absence of woody species, environmental variables, and disturbance were recorded. Correspondence Analysis(CA) results suggested that the woody species composition significantly varied between northeast- and southwest-facing slopes at both sites, and was significantly correlated with measured environmental variables such as radiation index, altitude, and canopy openness. In the Braka site,mean alpha diversity was significantly higher on southwest-facing slopes. In contrast, beta diversity and gamma diversity were greater on northeast-facing slopes at both sites. Our results suggest that topographic variables(e.g., radiation index) affect species composition between the slopes, likely due to their influence on small scale abiotic environmental variables. However, the effects of land use, such as livestock browsing/grazing may interact with the effects of slope exposure, effectively reducing differences in species composition within slopes but enhancing the differences in beta diversity between contrasting slopes in the Braka. We conclude that slope orientation and land use are important factors in structuring the woody species composition and diversity in the arid Trans-Himalayan region. We suggest that both environmental and land use variables should be taken into consideration in future studies on plant community structure along the cultural landscapes.
