The spacing–burden(S/B) ratio plays significant role on rock fragmentation and proper utilization of explosive energy to minimize the undesirable damage.Low S/B ratio generates fine fragments due to pressure rings co...The spacing–burden(S/B) ratio plays significant role on rock fragmentation and proper utilization of explosive energy to minimize the undesirable damage.Low S/B ratio generates fine fragments due to pressure rings coalescence of two blast holes,whereas boulder generations were observed above optimum S/B ratio.Both conditions are not acceptable because of wastage of explosive energy.Therefore,to resolve this issue,a numerical model study was conducted to optimize the S/B ratio and to envisage its effect on rock fragmentation based on utilization of explosive energy.Finite element simulation tool was used to see the extent of two blast hole influence area variation with varying S/B ratio.The better results were obtained at S/B ratio of 1:2 with optimum utilization of peak explosive energy.The performance was observed based on peak kinetic energy,peak pressure,radial and hoop stresses on centre of the two blast holes,where pressure rings coalescence.展开更多
Many patients with rare diseases not only suffer from more severe conditions but often receive less disease management, which is one significant public health concern globally. Few practice-based surveys focus on the ...Many patients with rare diseases not only suffer from more severe conditions but often receive less disease management, which is one significant public health concern globally. Few practice-based surveys focus on the care of patients with rare diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate medical service utilization, economic burden and health status of patients with rare diseases in China. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey focusing on patients with rare diseases was conducted. Descriptive analysis was conducted to examine the sociodemographic characteristics, medical service utilization, economic burden and health status. Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore influencing factors of self-rated health. A total of 982 patients with 81 types of diseases were included in this survey. We found that 58.2% of patients experienced misdiagnosis, and 35.2% of the patients were misdiagnosed for at least five times. Moreover, 65.8% of patients traveled to hospitals to seek medical services, and 92.1% of patients paid expenses for their treatment. However, only 1.3% of patients could afford their medical expenditure without debts, and 86.8% of patients regarded their health status as bad or moderate. Significant factors correlated with health status were economic status, gender, age, employment and household size. From this study, the accessibility of medical service utilization, the affordability of medical economic burden, and the condition of health status for patients with rare disease in China were considerably poor. Basic medical insurance did not play its role in improving the utilization of medical services and the affordability of medical costs. Social support should be encouraged to improve patients＇ health status.展开更多
文摘The spacing–burden(S/B) ratio plays significant role on rock fragmentation and proper utilization of explosive energy to minimize the undesirable damage.Low S/B ratio generates fine fragments due to pressure rings coalescence of two blast holes,whereas boulder generations were observed above optimum S/B ratio.Both conditions are not acceptable because of wastage of explosive energy.Therefore,to resolve this issue,a numerical model study was conducted to optimize the S/B ratio and to envisage its effect on rock fragmentation based on utilization of explosive energy.Finite element simulation tool was used to see the extent of two blast hole influence area variation with varying S/B ratio.The better results were obtained at S/B ratio of 1:2 with optimum utilization of peak explosive energy.The performance was observed based on peak kinetic energy,peak pressure,radial and hoop stresses on centre of the two blast holes,where pressure rings coalescence.
文摘Many patients with rare diseases not only suffer from more severe conditions but often receive less disease management, which is one significant public health concern globally. Few practice-based surveys focus on the care of patients with rare diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate medical service utilization, economic burden and health status of patients with rare diseases in China. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey focusing on patients with rare diseases was conducted. Descriptive analysis was conducted to examine the sociodemographic characteristics, medical service utilization, economic burden and health status. Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore influencing factors of self-rated health. A total of 982 patients with 81 types of diseases were included in this survey. We found that 58.2% of patients experienced misdiagnosis, and 35.2% of the patients were misdiagnosed for at least five times. Moreover, 65.8% of patients traveled to hospitals to seek medical services, and 92.1% of patients paid expenses for their treatment. However, only 1.3% of patients could afford their medical expenditure without debts, and 86.8% of patients regarded their health status as bad or moderate. Significant factors correlated with health status were economic status, gender, age, employment and household size. From this study, the accessibility of medical service utilization, the affordability of medical economic burden, and the condition of health status for patients with rare disease in China were considerably poor. Basic medical insurance did not play its role in improving the utilization of medical services and the affordability of medical costs. Social support should be encouraged to improve patients＇ health status.
