Objectivity in media practice is the journalist＇s ability to give every segment of the audience an equal right to be heard and seen, to read or to react. Disappointingly, that objectivity does not extend to the polic...Objectivity in media practice is the journalist＇s ability to give every segment of the audience an equal right to be heard and seen, to read or to react. Disappointingly, that objectivity does not extend to the policies that regulate that practice. This concern is demonstrated in the incoherence and lack of judgment that exist in media policy domains where journalism is confined to a deal between only the journalist and his or her audience. This linear process conspicuously excludes those crucial stakeholders whose interests tremendously affect the destiny of journalists and their audience. The development has adversely affected policy rationality in some developing countries as media policies lack interactive planning, robust policy discourses and stakeholder dialogue, thereby undermining policy integrity. This paper attempts to argue that for a media policy to be truly in public interest, formulators have to expand their horizon beyond government, journalists and their audience to other stakeholders. Newsmakers, who fall into a category of such stakeholders, can make the journalist＇s pen run dry if they go on strike! Others include media users, media owners and media scholars. The paper recommends the process of harnessing the perspectives of these stakeholders in a manner that can make analysts consider drafting a fresh all-encompassing media policy for developing countries, especially those of Africa.展开更多
The health impacts of tobacco consumption are well documented and have gained acceptance worldwide. Today, a substantial, preventable burden of tobacco attributable diseases exists in most countries, though in most of...The health impacts of tobacco consumption are well documented and have gained acceptance worldwide. Today, a substantial, preventable burden of tobacco attributable diseases exists in most countries, though in most of the cases, unknown. Smoking accounts for almost half of the deaths in middle age in some regions. In Uganda, translating findings into policy action is slow and involves several stakeholders. It will continue to require support from tobacco control campaign groups. This paper analyses secondary literature on tobacco smoking and later provides an appropriate medium based communication strategy that can be adopted to counteract the persuasive smoking evil adverts of tobacco companies as well as creating awareness among the population of the health impacts caused by smoking.展开更多
Exhibition performance should be evaluated from different perspectives of stakeholders.The benefits of each stakeholder can not be satisfied when evaluating the exhibition performance from a single perspective or only...Exhibition performance should be evaluated from different perspectives of stakeholders.The benefits of each stakeholder can not be satisfied when evaluating the exhibition performance from a single perspective or only evaluating the economic performance of the exhibition.In this paper,the stakeholders are defined on the basis of questionnaire investigation and classified by mathematical statistical method.According to the requirements of the stakeholders,the exhibition performance appraisal indicators are extracted and simplified by factor analysis,which leads to the formation of a set of performance appraisal index system.It is an instructive attempt to work out the exhibition performance appraisal model from the perspective of stakeholders,which may provide theoretical foundation and practice instruction for exhibition performance appraisal in our country.展开更多
The first step to defining the rights,responsibilities and interests of stakeholders and constructing a compensation mechanism is to identify the stakeholders and clarify their mutual relationships.Nature reserves are...The first step to defining the rights,responsibilities and interests of stakeholders and constructing a compensation mechanism is to identify the stakeholders and clarify their mutual relationships.Nature reserves are complex ecosystems involving nature,the economy and society.There exists a conflict between the public welfare benefits of ecological conservation and the private gains to be realized from social and economic development.There also exist in a nature reserve complex relationships among stakeholders,involving the utilization of ecological resources,ecological conservation and ecological-economic interests.The introduction of tourism brings substantial changes to the existing stakeholder benefit structure in a nature reserve.The implementation of tourism ecological compensation（tourism payment for ecological service）is a process for redefining the distribution of rights,responsibilities and profits among stakeholders and it is also an essential way to balance the interests of the stakeholders.This paper uses a case study of Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve in China to examine the characteristics of stakeholders and analyze their interests.According to the method for defining basic attributes proposed by Mitchel and other scholars,in cases of tourism ecological compensation,stakeholders can be classified as definitive stakeholders,expectant stakeholders and latent stakeholders.This paper applies these classifications and then analyzes the relationships between the rights and responsibilities of these stakeholders and how these change after the implementation of compensation.Additionally,based on the impact compensation has on different stakeholders,changes in the relationships can be analyzed and the structure of the stakeholders can be modelled.This case study of the Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve illustrates the operationalization of a new mechanism for tourism ecological compensation.The paper illustrates a method for coordinating the relationships among the stakeholders involved with this national-level nature reserve.展开更多
The anthropogenic heat release from tourism activities has a cumulative effect on glacial retreat when coupled with climate change.Mitigating the impacts of glacial tourism activities on glaciers and promoting the sus...The anthropogenic heat release from tourism activities has a cumulative effect on glacial retreat when coupled with climate change.Mitigating the impacts of glacial tourism activities on glaciers and promoting the sustainable development of glacial tourism have become urgent issues.Taking Yulong and Hailuogou glacier tourism destinations as examples,we collected survey questionnaires related to glacial tourists(n=1113)and tourism companies(n=329)by systematic field surveys during 2016–2017,and we obtained data on energy consumption from catering,accommodation,transportation,sightseeing,shopping,entertainment,and waste disposal.This study builds a responsible tourism system and discusses the strategies and measures used to engage stakeholders(mainly tourism companies,tourists,local governments,tourism associations,and the central government)in responsible tourism in order to reduce the impacts of tourism activities on glaciers.These strategies mainly include:improving the energy efficiency of the supply of tourism products and services,promoting the consumption of low-energy tourism products and services,strengthening the supervision and management of low-energy consumption tourism development,creating an environment for energy savings and consumption reduction,and establishing a long-term operational mechanism for responsible tourism management.A rewsponsible tourism system allows stakeholders to properly address this dilemma,internalize sustainable development goals to find their intrinsic self-discipline,and work together to fulfill the public responsibility of realizing the sustainable development of glacial tourism.展开更多
This paper attempts to measure and explain the sustainability of China- Pakistan Economic Corridor （CPEC） by employing rational choice theory. Methodologically, the qualitative study relies on primary data in terms ...This paper attempts to measure and explain the sustainability of China- Pakistan Economic Corridor （CPEC） by employing rational choice theory. Methodologically, the qualitative study relies on primary data in terms of elite interviews and secondary sources such as journals articles. This theory-guided empirical research has identified two sets of challenges, internal and external, that the economic corridor faces. Broadly, the challenges range from economic slow- down, political instability, religious extremism and terrorism that have taken toll of Pakistani economy, society and the state. The paper has provided policy input in terms of urging Pakistani government to reform its educational system and correct political instability along with targeting all types of militant organizations. More- over, the study urges China to engage regional stakeholders in CPEC to realize regional and trans-regional connectivity to achieve economic integration of the market.展开更多
文摘Objectivity in media practice is the journalist＇s ability to give every segment of the audience an equal right to be heard and seen, to read or to react. Disappointingly, that objectivity does not extend to the policies that regulate that practice. This concern is demonstrated in the incoherence and lack of judgment that exist in media policy domains where journalism is confined to a deal between only the journalist and his or her audience. This linear process conspicuously excludes those crucial stakeholders whose interests tremendously affect the destiny of journalists and their audience. The development has adversely affected policy rationality in some developing countries as media policies lack interactive planning, robust policy discourses and stakeholder dialogue, thereby undermining policy integrity. This paper attempts to argue that for a media policy to be truly in public interest, formulators have to expand their horizon beyond government, journalists and their audience to other stakeholders. Newsmakers, who fall into a category of such stakeholders, can make the journalist＇s pen run dry if they go on strike! Others include media users, media owners and media scholars. The paper recommends the process of harnessing the perspectives of these stakeholders in a manner that can make analysts consider drafting a fresh all-encompassing media policy for developing countries, especially those of Africa.
文摘The health impacts of tobacco consumption are well documented and have gained acceptance worldwide. Today, a substantial, preventable burden of tobacco attributable diseases exists in most countries, though in most of the cases, unknown. Smoking accounts for almost half of the deaths in middle age in some regions. In Uganda, translating findings into policy action is slow and involves several stakeholders. It will continue to require support from tobacco control campaign groups. This paper analyses secondary literature on tobacco smoking and later provides an appropriate medium based communication strategy that can be adopted to counteract the persuasive smoking evil adverts of tobacco companies as well as creating awareness among the population of the health impacts caused by smoking.
文摘Exhibition performance should be evaluated from different perspectives of stakeholders.The benefits of each stakeholder can not be satisfied when evaluating the exhibition performance from a single perspective or only evaluating the economic performance of the exhibition.In this paper,the stakeholders are defined on the basis of questionnaire investigation and classified by mathematical statistical method.According to the requirements of the stakeholders,the exhibition performance appraisal indicators are extracted and simplified by factor analysis,which leads to the formation of a set of performance appraisal index system.It is an instructive attempt to work out the exhibition performance appraisal model from the perspective of stakeholders,which may provide theoretical foundation and practice instruction for exhibition performance appraisal in our country.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(4166111141361107+1 种基金41561111)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(413125)
文摘The first step to defining the rights,responsibilities and interests of stakeholders and constructing a compensation mechanism is to identify the stakeholders and clarify their mutual relationships.Nature reserves are complex ecosystems involving nature,the economy and society.There exists a conflict between the public welfare benefits of ecological conservation and the private gains to be realized from social and economic development.There also exist in a nature reserve complex relationships among stakeholders,involving the utilization of ecological resources,ecological conservation and ecological-economic interests.The introduction of tourism brings substantial changes to the existing stakeholder benefit structure in a nature reserve.The implementation of tourism ecological compensation（tourism payment for ecological service）is a process for redefining the distribution of rights,responsibilities and profits among stakeholders and it is also an essential way to balance the interests of the stakeholders.This paper uses a case study of Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve in China to examine the characteristics of stakeholders and analyze their interests.According to the method for defining basic attributes proposed by Mitchel and other scholars,in cases of tourism ecological compensation,stakeholders can be classified as definitive stakeholders,expectant stakeholders and latent stakeholders.This paper applies these classifications and then analyzes the relationships between the rights and responsibilities of these stakeholders and how these change after the implementation of compensation.Additionally,based on the impact compensation has on different stakeholders,changes in the relationships can be analyzed and the structure of the stakeholders can be modelled.This case study of the Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve illustrates the operationalization of a new mechanism for tourism ecological compensation.The paper illustrates a method for coordinating the relationships among the stakeholders involved with this national-level nature reserve.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41501159,41801137)The China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M560731).
文摘The anthropogenic heat release from tourism activities has a cumulative effect on glacial retreat when coupled with climate change.Mitigating the impacts of glacial tourism activities on glaciers and promoting the sustainable development of glacial tourism have become urgent issues.Taking Yulong and Hailuogou glacier tourism destinations as examples,we collected survey questionnaires related to glacial tourists(n=1113)and tourism companies(n=329)by systematic field surveys during 2016–2017,and we obtained data on energy consumption from catering,accommodation,transportation,sightseeing,shopping,entertainment,and waste disposal.This study builds a responsible tourism system and discusses the strategies and measures used to engage stakeholders(mainly tourism companies,tourists,local governments,tourism associations,and the central government)in responsible tourism in order to reduce the impacts of tourism activities on glaciers.These strategies mainly include:improving the energy efficiency of the supply of tourism products and services,promoting the consumption of low-energy tourism products and services,strengthening the supervision and management of low-energy consumption tourism development,creating an environment for energy savings and consumption reduction,and establishing a long-term operational mechanism for responsible tourism management.A rewsponsible tourism system allows stakeholders to properly address this dilemma,internalize sustainable development goals to find their intrinsic self-discipline,and work together to fulfill the public responsibility of realizing the sustainable development of glacial tourism.
文摘This paper attempts to measure and explain the sustainability of China- Pakistan Economic Corridor （CPEC） by employing rational choice theory. Methodologically, the qualitative study relies on primary data in terms of elite interviews and secondary sources such as journals articles. This theory-guided empirical research has identified two sets of challenges, internal and external, that the economic corridor faces. Broadly, the challenges range from economic slow- down, political instability, religious extremism and terrorism that have taken toll of Pakistani economy, society and the state. The paper has provided policy input in terms of urging Pakistani government to reform its educational system and correct political instability along with targeting all types of militant organizations. More- over, the study urges China to engage regional stakeholders in CPEC to realize regional and trans-regional connectivity to achieve economic integration of the market.
