红楼别境纪真芹

我撰此文,是为纪念曾雪芹逝世二百二十周年而作,因此讲的应该是雪芹的书文,雪芹的意旨,而不能是别人的什么。但是目前一般读者仍然误以为流行的百二十回本就能“代表”雪芹的真正原意,因而总是有一个“宝黛爱情悲剧”总结局横亘在胸臆之间,牢不可破——殊不知这并不是雪芹本来的思想和笔墨。宝黛之间有爱情,并且其后来带有悲剧性,这是不虚的,可是那又远远不是像程刊本的伪续后四十回里所“改造”的那样子,一点儿也不是。

特定情境的比喻刍议

我们如果要形容一个人的心情极不平静,就比喻说“他的心里就象江水在奔腾”,这在很多情形下,大致可当。但是下面的比喻不能移给别题别境:①当弟弟匆匆在“东来顺”举行告别家宴时,亲戚们纷纷起身祝酒,我却呆着不动——心就象火锅中的汤水那样翻腾。”(子冈:《姐弟情上的伤痕》)

别境寻幽,自得天然抒逸情——姜文浩绘画语言探密

认识姜文浩源于2000年前后的一场笔会。初次见面感觉他有点与众不同。再看作品清润野逸,甜俗之气全无,胸意倍感舒畅,心中为之一振,一种久违之感油然而生。自那次见面,我便对他多一份留意,慢慢地有了更多的了解。姜文浩,山东海阳人,1970年携笔从戎,专事美术文化工作,

《相宗络索》笺解(续六)——八识识体及其功能的证悟

第八识的识体有保持种子、异时成熟、趣生五趣、统摄诸根、生死不离、寿暖保持、攀缘名色、依时而食、入灭尽定、染净真心等功能,是客观存在的,并非虚妄;第八识所藏种子并非原来就有,而是被第七识熏染而成的。只有区别能熏与所熏(主体与客体),才能把握心理转换、心理疏导、还灭转智的关键,一刀斩断末那而开启觉悟。

比量与论式——《因正理论》讨探之二

量学中所说的“量”一般指量识,即对所量事物(认识对象)的认识。《释量论》云:“量为无欺智”。依此藏传因明论著中对“量”的定义为“新起而不欺诳之了别境识”。因为所量事物(认识对象)有自相和共相的区别,量识也随之分为现量和比量。《释量论》云;“所量有二故,能量为二种”。何谓现量,陈那在《集量论》中说:“远离计度种类名言义者为现识”。其意是不需思虑事物的类别命名等义,而由眼耳鼻舌身等五识直接了别的正确认识。当然现识与现量有微小差别,一般地讲,现识就是现量;

明吴中传月岩题榜与《重修濂溪书院碑记》

吴中传,号巽庵,明代山东朝城人。湖南永州道县月岩石壁上今存榜书"乾坤别境",为吴中传手书真迹。文献记载吴中传又有《重修濂溪书院碑记》、《刻柳文题辞》。论文对吴中传"乾坤别境"榜书和《重修濂溪书院碑记》略作考述。

SPEECH ENHANCEMENT METHOD FOR LPC AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL AND SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMAND WORD RECOGNITION USED IN NOISY ENVIRONMENT

At present, almost all the systems and products for speech recognition are working in quiet environment and their performances are degraded or even can′t work when they are operated in high noisy environment. In this paper, after analyzing the features of speech and noise, a speech enhancement method for LPC autoregressive model for command words recognition used in noisy environment is proposed, and an experimental system is realized. In different background noisy environments, we conduct experiments about SNR, basic accuracy, noise resistant ability and system environment adaptability with different microphones. The experimental results show that the system has good recognition performance in high noisy environments. The system can resist many kinds of noises and meet the needs of application areas on the whole such as military, traffic, marketplace and factory etc.

Operational modal identification of suspension bridge based on structural health monitoring system

An output-only modal identification method by a combination use of the peak-picking method and the cross spectrum methods are presented. Meanwhile, a novel mode shape optimum method of the deck is proposed. The methods are applied to the operational modal identification system of the Runyang Suspension Bridge, which can be used to obtain the modal parameters of the bridge from out-only data sets collected by its structural health monitoring system （SHMS）. As an example, the vibration response data of the deck, cable and tower recorded during typhoon Matsa excitation are used to illustrate the program application. Some of the modal frequencies observed from deck vibration responses are also found in the vibration responses of the cable and the tower. The results show that some modal shapes of the deck are strongly coupled with the cable and the tower. By comparing the identification results from the operational modal system with those from field measurements, a good agreement between them is achieved, but some modal frequencies identified from the operational modal identification system （OMIS）, such as L1 and L2, obviously decrease compared with those from the field measurements.

Research of New Concept Sonar—Cognitive Sonar

The performance of a sonar system is closely related to the marine environment and the target characteristics. When dealing with the echoes of a traditional active sonar system, the sonar designers often do not take into account the influence of the environmental information and prior knowledge perceived by sonar receivers, making it difficult to obtain desired processing results. Based on the basic principle and key technology of sonar, this paper proposed a cognition-based intelligent sonar system in theory--cognitive sonar. Cognitive sonar is capable of jointly optimizing the transmission waveform and receiver according to the changes of environment so that its detection and identification performance can be significantly improved.

Sex Determination Mechanisms in Fish

In fish,sex determination(SD) system shows high variation. The SD mechanisms include environmental and genetic regulation. The research on SD system and related genes in intensively studied fish species was reviewed. Although some genes have been described as sex-related,only DMRT1bY can be considered as a master sex determination gene and none of them has been utilized in aquaculture. The variation of fish SD system,the importance of sex-related genes in evolution research and the relations between environmental factors and sex-related genes were also discussed. The fish sex determination mechanism remains largely unknown. Further research needs to be done considering the significance of fish SD studies in basic and applied aspects.

Challenges of Integration the Policies and Measures in the National and Local Strategy of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Mozambique

Global political forums on climate have identified deforestation and forest degradation actions as the main sources of atmospheric emissions. Therefore, its reduction is basically the main international agenda. The objectives of environmental policy seem to prevail conflicting, between the global, which aims to stabilize emissions with sequestration of forest carbon and local poverty reduction. REDD＋ （Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation） is considered cheap proposal for mitigation and adaptation to climate changes. Thus, Mozambique is preparing for accessing to forest carbon financing. The study analyzed interaction of policies and measures in the national and local strategy of REDD＋ in Mozambique and resorted three methodological procedures, review of previous study, interviews and seminars, in a non-probabilistic sampling. Conflicting visions among nations hinder consensus on reducing emissions and REDD＋ aims to replace the KP （Kyoto Protocol）. National strategy of REDD＋ should suggest measures and policies to reduce deforestation in key sectors contributing to emissions. Interviewees suggested technological approach （30%）, agrarian reform （26%）, institutional reform （21%） and decentralization （20%）. Therefore, 77.3% supported technological use to increase production and productivity and for the forest sector, 86.4% supported forest concessions. They also highlighted conservation agriculture, SAFs （Agroforestry Systems）, energy accessibility and mining licensing. However, REDD＋ is being projected from the global to the local, but the debate must extrapolate negotiations restricted to government participation, as well as policy options and incentives to generate co-benefits that address local community priorities.

Identifying Certain Rheological Characteristics of Tubular Foils Used in Silo Foil Filling Equipment

The objective of our work was to determine the influence of UV radiation and environmental temperature on the strength and rheological characteristics of multi-layer agricultural packaging foils. A Finite-Element-Method （FEM） model was developed for analyzing the foil-silo interactions at different environmental conditions. The constitutive equation of the different foils was based on Poynting-Thomson model. The measured relaxation curve was found to have a close correlation both for -10℃ and 45 ℃ with the calculated results. The result of the FEM modeling shows that both the vertical distortion of the tubular foil peak and the highest reduced tension decrease with the increase of the temperature. Therefore, the probability of foil tears increases with the decrease of the temperature because the tension strength of the tubular foil decreases under cold conditions.

Geochemistry of Neoproterozoic mixosedimentite in northern Anhui and its geological significance

Major oxides,as well as trace elements (including rare earth elements) compositions have been analyzed for the mixosedimentites from Neoproterozoic Jiayuan Formation in northern Anhui,China. The results show that the concentrations of elements are closely related to the relative proportions of carbonates and terrigenous detritus (varying from 2/3 to 1/9 based on petrographic study). The ratios between some immobile elements (e.g. La,Th,Zr and Sc) are constant and then can be used as tracers for the discrimination of provenance and tectonic setting of terrigenous detritus. The results indicate that the terrigenous detritus mainly came from the felsic volcanics related to continental arc,with minor contribution from the old basement. Combined with recent research progresses,these mixosedimentites imply that the Neoproterozoic sedimentation in northern Anhui was probably taken place in a back arc basin during the convergence of Rodinia super continent between 1.0 and 0.8 Ga.

Duality of Unary Convex Functions Programming

Most nonliner programming problems consist of functions which are sums of unary,convex functions of linear fuctions.In this paper.we derive the duality forms of the unary oonvex optimization, and these technuqucs are applied to the geometric programming and minimum discrimination information problems.

Identification of Modal Parameters with Linear Structure under Non-stationary Ambient Excitation

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is proposed to identify linear structure under non-stationary excitation,and non-white noise coefficient is introduced under the assumption of random signals consisting of white noise and non-white noise signals. The cross-correlation function of response signal is decomposed into mode functions and residue by EMD method. The identification technique of the modal parameters of single freedom degree is applied to each mode function to obtain natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. The results of identification of the five-degree freedom linear system demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in identifying the parameters of linear structures under non-stationary ambient excitation.

Coordination, Compromise, and Change： An Implication of the Repeated Games of ＂the Battle of the Sexes＂

The aim of this paper is to reveal the mechanism of compromise and change in coordination where players agree in general but disagree on coordination methods. When players agree on the need to collaborate but are in conflict regarding the specific method, one player must always compromise. This situation is known as the Battle of the Sexes in game theory. It has ever been believed that if an agreement is reached under such circumstances, the players do not have the incentive to withdraw from the agreement. However, this study shows that this belief is not always true if the players were able to revise the outcome of their negotiations later. The wide-ranging fields use game theories for their analysis frameworks to analyze the success or failure of coordination. However, comparing with the possibility of betrayal illustrated as a well-known Prisoner Dilemma, it has been rare to discuss conflict regarding the specific method of coordination, although such situations are often observed in today＇s interdependent real world. The repeated Battle of the Sexes games presented in this study would be a useful framework to analyze conflict regarding the specific method of coordination.

A Review on Research of Foreshocks

This paper briefly introduces the current research progress in the field of foreshocks,both in China and abroad,and contrasts the common characteristics and the mechanisms of foreshocks of the sequence under the definition of different conditions of foreshocks. The main recognition methods of foreshocks are briefly reviewed,and their characteristics and existing problems are reviewed and discussed. Foreshocks are small earthquakes that occur before the mainshock and adjacent to the main source location. A foreshock sequence is constituted of a series of foreshock activities that occur before the mainshock. The proportion of earthquake cases includes direct foreshocks ranging from 10% - 40% at different defined conditions of foreshocks. Theoretically,cascade model or pre-slid model can explain foreshocks. Foreshocks are mainly concentrated in the range of 10km -75 km of the mainshock,but their time distribution form is very complicated,mostly prior to the mainshock from 1 or 2 days,the seismicity rate of part of foreshock sequences shows significant acceleration features,but many foreshock sequences often show the attenuation characteristics of mainshock-aftershock sequences. The most prominent feature of foreshocks is a focal consistent mechanism and low b-value of earthquakes of the earthquake sequence. Foreshocks seems to have a certain relationship with tectonic environment and the rupture form of the mainshock,in limited foreshocks earthquake cases,the dip-thrusting earthquakes seem to have relatively more foreshocks. The results of some of the earthquake cases show that the focal depth of foreshocks gradually moved downward with the mainshock approaching. So far,it is difficult to determine whether an earthquake or an earthquake sequence is a foreshock or foreshock sequence before the mainshock. The identification methods of foreshocks mainly include a statistical method of analogy,focal consistent mechanism and related derivative method,the fine detection of the earthquake nucleation process. From a few existing studies of earthquake cases,in spite of earthquake temporal clusters and focal consistent mechanism being the most significant features of foreshock sequence,there were not sufficient conditions for judging a foreshock sequence. Because the rupture rate of expansion and sliding displacement have a tendency to increase faster with time,the method of fine detection of the earthquake nucleation process is expected to play a more important role in the identification of foreshocks,but it needs more earthquake examples to be verified.

Influence of System Uncertainties on Structural Damage Identification through Ambient Vibrations of Steel Structures

The practical difficulties presented by forced vibration testing of large steel structures, such as tall buildings, transmission lines or bridges, led to an increased interest in structural monitoring through ambient vibrations, which usually allows the proper identification of modal properties, natural frequencies, damping and modes of vibration. Changes in these modal properties constitute an indication of structural damage, which may then be assessed on the basis of experimental evidence. The authors proposed an approach to determine the so-called damage damping and stiffness matrices, which are essential to identify the location and intensity of damage. No restrictions were introduced on the damping matrix of the system. The approach requires ambient vibration data of all relevant coordinates used in the structural model, which are processed employing the SSI method. In practice, the identification method is seriously hampered by ambient factors such as temperature or humidity. In general those effects must be filtered out in other to obtain a reliable diagnosis of damage, approach that demands long term monitoring. In this paper, an alternative approach is explored, based on the introduction of error damping and stiffness matrices. Data on both matrices is generated on the basis of observed variations of structural member stiffness and damping caused by ambient factors. The influence of this uncertainty on the identified spectral properties is assessed by simulation.

Video Events Recognition by Scene and Group Context

The ability to recognise video events has become increasingly more popular owing to its extensive practical applications.Most events will occur in certain scene with certain people,and the scene context and group context provide important information for event recognition.In this paper,we present an algorithm to recognise video events in different scenes in which there are multiple agents.First,we recognise events for each agent based on Stochastic Context Sensitive Grammar(SCSG).Then we propose the model of a scene in order to infer the scene in which the events occur,and we use a co-occurrence matrix of events to represent the group context.Finally,the scene and group context are exploited to distinguish events having similar structures.Experimental results show that by adding the scene and group context,the performance of events recognition can be significantly improved.

相宗络索

此书前曾文正公金陵集刊船山遗书时未经收入本社闻有写本流在长沙索之未获前年湘政府筹钜欵交上海太平洋书店重印遗书社员刘约真於衡州搜得此稿飞寄沪上乃刊入遗书子部兹因索阅者众且金陵本未收想学者多欲补读故特刊之编者识八识前五识“眼”九缘生“耳”八缘生不择明暗故不缘明缘“鼻”“舌”“身”