液压盘式制动器模型试验

设计了通过测量制动臂所受的弯矩间接获得制动力矩的实车制动试验,采用系统辨识法获得制动力矩系数,得到盘式制动器试验模型。首先对应变电压-制动力矩的关系进行标定,然后实车测试不同制动工况下的制动力矩。根据实车试验得到制动压力,采用系统辨识的方法获得车辆制动压力-制动力矩的传递函数。试验结果表明,前、后轮的液压-制动力矩关系式可适用于不同工况下的制动力矩计算;制动器理论模型和试验模型的增益系数基本相符,但试验模型具有一阶惯性环节,更能准确地反映实际车辆的制动压力-制动力矩之间的关系。

汽车电子机械制动器的效能分析

为了分析电子机械制动器(electromechanical bloking,简称EMB)的制动效能,建立了电子机械制动器的数学模型和在水平路面上汽车制动时整车动力学模型,运用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件对电子机械制动器和液压制动器(hydraulic braking简称HB)的制动性能进行了比较.结果表明:电子机械制动器的制动效能明显优于传统的液压制动器,为电子机械制动器工程开发提供了理论依据.

基于差分进化的粒子群算法的鼓式制动器多目标优化设计

为了提高鼓式制动器的设计水平,建立了一种以制动鼓体积最小和制动器温升最低为目标的鼓式制动器多目标优化模型,并使用一种基于差分进化的粒子群算法进行优化设计。为了进一步增加算法多样性,该算法将差分进化策略引入到多目标粒子群算法中;为了避免粒子飞行速度过快,陷入局部最优解,加入一种速度控制策略。通过无约束的ZDT系列和三个有约束的基准测试函数进行测试,并与其他四种算法进行对比实验,证明该算法在收敛性和多样性方面都占优,在工程实例的求解结果表明了算法的工程可行性。

转向制动工况的多轴轮式装甲车辆模型与试验验证

车辆动力学建模是车辆动力学性能仿真分析的关键,动力学模型的准确程度直接影响到仿真结果的准确程度。针对所研究的车辆在转向制动工况下的行驶稳定性,以某三轴轮式装甲车辆为原型,建立了包括轮胎模型,制动器模型等模块的包含车身纵向,侧向,横摆,侧倾以及六个车轮的转动共十个自由度的动力学模型,并通过直线制动和角阶跃制动两个试验,间接验证了模型的准确性,为转向制动工况的仿真建立模型基础。

针对转向制动工况的多轴轮式装甲车辆模型与试验验证

车辆动力学建模是车辆动力学性能仿真分析的关键，动力学模型的准确程度直接影响到仿真结果的准确程度。针对所研究的车辆在转向制动工况下的行驶稳定性，以某三轴轮式装甲车辆为原型，建立了动力学模型，并通过直线制动和角阶跃制动两个试验，间接验证了模型的准确性，为转向制动工况的仿真建立模型基础。

基于载荷识别的汽车转向机电制动稳定性控制

当前的汽车转向机电制动稳定性控制方法无法识别车辆转向载荷,导致制动控制效果不理想。为解决上述问题,提出新的基于载荷识别的汽车转向机电制动稳定性控制方法。构建汽车转向机电制动载荷识别模型,通过模型极值的求解,实现其载荷识别。设计汽车转向机电制动稳定性控制器,完成汽车转向机电制动的稳定性控制。利用MATLAB软件对实验汽车转向机电制动系统构建动力学仿真模型,设计仿真测试实验。测试结果表明,上述方法在实验汽车初始制动时汽车滑移率平均仅为5.436%;在实验汽车制动主缸压力不断增加时,汽车滑移率平均仅为8.316%,表现出良好的防滑移性能,实现了汽车转向机电制动的稳定性控制。

电子机械制动系统的数学建模

针对某款车型,建立了电子机械制动器的数学模型和在水平路面上汽车制动时整车动力学模型。为电子机械制动器工程开发提供了理论依据。

山区高速公路长大下坡路段界定标准研究

以山区高速公路长大下坡界定标准为研究对象,通过分析连续下坡路段交通事故的特点,提出采用分析下坡过程中的主制动器的温升方法来定量地界定高速公路长大下坡路段。研究采用路段典型大货车的温升试验和回归分析的方法,建立了典型大货车在长大下坡路段无辅助制动情况下的主制动器温度预测模型,并计算出下坡过程中主制动器温度达到200℃时,不同平均纵坡对应的坡长,并据此提出了山区高速公路不同平均纵坡对应的长大下坡路段界定标准。

Principle, Modeling and Control of DC-DC Convertors for EV

DC DC convertors can convert the EV's high voltage DC power supply into the low voltage DC power supply. In order to design an excellent convertor one must be guided by theory of automatic control. The principle and the method of design, modeling and control for DC DC convertors of EV are introduced. The method of the system response to a unit step function input and the frequency response method are applied to researching the convertor's mathematics model and control characteristic. Experiments show that the designed DC DC convertor's output voltage precision is high, the antijamming ability is strong and the adjustable performance is fast and smooth.

Semi-active control for vibration attenuation of vehicle suspension with symmetric MR damper

A semi-active force tracking PI controller is formulated and analyzed for a magnetorheological (MR) fluid-based damper in conjunction with a quarter-vehicle model. Two different models of the MR-damper are integrated into the closed-loop system model, which includes: a model based upon the mean force-velocity (f-v) behaviour; and a model synthesis comprising inherent nonsmooth hysteretic force and the force limiting properties of the MR damper. The vehicle models are analyzed to study the vibration attenuation performance of the MR-damper using the semi-active force tracking PI control algorithm. The simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the influence of the damper nonlinearity, specifically the hysteresis, on the suspension performance. The results show that the proposed control strategy can yield superior vibration attenuation performance of the vehicle suspension actuated by the controllable MR-damper not only in the sprung mass resonance and the ride zones, but also in the vicinity of the wheel-hop. The results further show that the presence of damper hystersis deteriorates the suspension performance.

A test sequence generation method of zone controller based on timed automata

In order to solve the problem of artificial generation and low efficiency of test sequences for zone controller (ZC), a model-based automatic generation method of test sequence is proposed. Firstly, the timed automata model is established based on function analysis of the zone controller, and the correctness of the model is verified by UPPAAL. Then by parsing the timed automata model files, state information and transition conditions can be extracted to generate test case sets. Finally, according to the serialization conditions of test cases, the test cases are serialized into test sequences by using the improved depth first search algorithm. A case, the ZC controls the train running within its jurisdiction, shows that the method is correct and can effectively improve the efficiency of test sequence generation.

Dynamics Modeling and Simulation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles with Appendages

To provide a simulation system platform for designing and debugging a small autonomous underwater vehicle＇s （AUV） motion controller, a six-degree of freedom （6-DOF） dynamic model for AUV controlled by thruster and fins with appendages is examined. Based on the dynamic model, a simulation system for the AUV＇s motion is established. The different kinds of typical motions are simulated to analyze the motion performance and the maneuverability of the AUV. In order to evaluate the influences of appendages on the motion performance of the AUV, simulations of the AUV with and without appendages are performed and compared. The results demonstrate the AUV has good maneuverability with and without appendages.

Controller design based on viscoelasticity dynamics model and experiment for flexible drive unit

In order to ensure that the system has the advantage of light weight and vibration absorption, the steel rope is used as a flexible transmission part. A flexible drive unit(FDU) is developed, whose features are guided by steel rope, increasing force by the movable pulley group, modular, convenient and flexible. Dynamics model for controller is deduced based on the constitutive equation of viscoelasticity. Controller is designed for position control and is based on the viscoelasticity dynamics model compensation control strategy proposed. The control system is based on the TURBO PMAC multi-axis motion control card.Prototype loading experiments and velocity experiments results show that the FDU can reach 2 Hz with no load and the max speed of 30(°)/s. The FDU has the capability of the load torque 11.2 N·m and the speed of 24(°)/s simultaneously, and the frequency response is 1.3 Hz. The FDU can be used to be the pitch joint of hip for biped robot whose walking speed is 0.144 km/h theoretically.

Automatic Guidance of an Agricultural Tractor along with the Side Shift Control of the Attached Row Crop Cultivator

This paper presents the automatic guidance system of an agricultural tractor and the side shift control of the attached row crop cultivator using electro-hydraulic actuators. In order to simulate the dynamic behaviour of the tractor along with the attached cultivator, the modified bicycle model was adopted. Steering angle sensor, fibre optic gyroscope （FOG） and RTK-DGPS technologies are assumed for measurements of the steering angle, yaw rate and the lateral position of the tractor, respectively. The kinematics model was used for the implement. In this study four cascade controllers were designed and simulated for tractor guidance which consists ofPD, PD, P and PID controllers. Other PI and PID controllers also had been designed for implement side shifting purpose. Then, these two systems were combined and the performance of the whole system was evaluated through the simulation results. According to the results tractor reaches the desired path after less than 10 seconds. Simulations showed that the maximum deviation of the tractor from the desired path was about 5 cm within this period. And the cultivator blades would follow the predetermined path with steady state error of about 5 cm too.

Hybrid control based on inverse Prandtl-Ishlinskii model for magnetic shape memory alloy actuator

The hysteresis characteristic is the major deficiency in the positioning control of magnetic shape memory alloy actuator. A Prandtl-Ishlinskii model was developed to characterize the hysteresis of magnetic shape memory alloy actuator. Based on the proposed Prandtl-Ishlinskii model, the inverse Prandtl-Ishlinskii model was established as a feedforward controller to compensate the hysteresis of the magnetic shape memory alloy actuator. For further improving of the positioning precision of the magnetic shape memory alloy actuator, a hybrid control method with hysteresis nonlinear model in feedforward loop was proposed. The control method is separated into two parts: a feedforward loop with inverse Prandtl-Ishlinskii model and a feedback loop with neural network controller. To validate the validity of the proposed control method, a series of simulations and experiments were researched. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the maximum error rate of open loop controller based on inverse PI model is 1.72%, the maximum error rate of the hybrid controller based on inverse PI model is 1.37%.

Flux Limiter Lattice Boltzmann Scheme Approach to Compressible Flows with Flexible Specific-Heat Ratio and Prandtl Number

We further develop the lattice Boltzmann （LB） model [Physica A 382 （2007） 502] for compressible flows from two aspects. Firstly, we modify the Bhatnagar Gross Krook （BGK） collision term in the LB equation, which makes the model suitable for simulating flows with different Prandtl numbers. Secondly, the flux limiter finite difference （FLFD） scheme is employed to calculate the convection term of the LB equation, which makes the unphysical oscillations at discontinuities be effectively suppressed and the numerical dissipations be significantly diminished. The proposed model is validated by recovering results of some well-known benchmarks, including （i） The thermal Couette flow; （ii） One- and two-dlmenslonal FLiemann problems. Good agreements are obtained between LB results and the exact ones or previously reported solutions. The flexibility, together with the high accuracy of the new model, endows the proposed model considerable potential for tracking some long-standing problems and for investigating nonlinear nonequilibrium complex systems.

Adaptive trajectory tracking control of two-wheeled self-balance robot

Wheeled mobile robot is one of the well-known nonholonomic systems. A two-wheeled sell-balance robot is taken as the research objective. This paper carried out a detailed force analysis of the robot and established a non-linear dynamics model. An adaptive tracking controller for the kinematic model of a nonhotonomic mobile robot with unknown parameters is also proposed. Using control Lyapunov function （CLF）, the controller＇s global asymptotic stability has been proven. The adaptive trajectory tracking controller decreases the disturbance in the course of tracking control and enhances the real-time control characteristics. The simulation result indicated that the wheeled mobile robot tracking can be effectively controlled.

Angle Control of a Pneumatically Driven Musculoskeletal Model Based on Coordination of Agonist-Antagonist Muscle

In recent years, researchers have been actively pursuing research into developing robots that can be useful in many fields of industry （e.g., service, medical, and aging care）. Such robots must be safe and flexible so that they can coexist with people. Pneumatic actuators are useful for achieving this goal because they are lightweight units with natural compliance. Our research focuses on joint angle control for a pneumatically driven musculoskeletal model. In such a model, we use a one-degree-of-freedom joint model and a five-fingered robot hand as test beds. These models are driven by low pressure-driven pneumatic actuators, and mimic the mechanism of the human hand and musculoskeletal structure, which has an antagonistic muscle pair for each joint. We demonstrated a biologically inspired control method using the parameters antagonistic muscle ratio and antagonistic muscle activity. The concept of the method is based on coordination of an antagonistic muscle pair using these parameters. We have investigated the validity of the proposed method both theoretically and experimentally, developed a feedback control system, and conducted joint angle control by implementing the test beds.

Attitude Stabilization of a Novel Flying Robot by Dynamic Compensation

This paper gives details about the controller design that aims to stabilize the novel twinrotor flying robot, Toruk. Toruk is an experimental test bench to study center of gravity steering, effect of the location of the center of gravity, controller design and implementation, etc. Physical components are also briefly discussed in this paper. Attitude dynamics of the system is inherently unstable. It is stabilized by a regulator. In addition, an observer is designed and utilized to estimate the unmeasured states. Thrust force generated by the propulsion unit is estimated by using the identified mathematical model of the unit. An experimental setup is employed to identify the mathematical model that expresses the relation between the applied input voltage to the propulsion unit and thrust produced by the propeller. Mathematical model for the attitude dynamics of Toruk is built. Then controllability and observability analysis are carried out for the system. Dynamic compensator composed of a state observer and a regulator, is designed on the mathematical model. Physical implementation on the system will be performed.

Nonlinear Rolling Control Technology of Liquid Launch Vehicle Based on Single Engine

New program was proposed in LM-6 rolling control technology that using high-pressure staged combustion gas. Launch vehicle rolling control by just one engine was realized. Under the limit of the rolling control moment of the launch vehicle, a new attitude dynamic model is established. Interference source and how to reduce the effect was analyzed, and method of designing a pre-compensated robust controller was proposed. Simulation and flight resuits showed that the attitude dynamic model established and the pre-compensation robust controller proposed in this paper could solve the key problems with a strong coupling attitude controller, and realize high quality and high reliability control in wind areas, and improve the capability of the launch vehicle.