Simultaneously improving the efficiency and stability on a large scale is significant for the development of photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting systems.Here,we demonstrated a novel design of GaP/GaPN core/shell ...Simultaneously improving the efficiency and stability on a large scale is significant for the development of photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting systems.Here,we demonstrated a novel design of GaP/GaPN core/shell nanowire(NW)decorated p-Si photocathode for improved PEC hydrogen production performance compared to that of bare p-Si photocathode.The formation of the p-n junction between p-Si and GaP NW promotes charge separation,and the lower conduction band position of GaPN relative to that of GaP further facilitates the transfer of photogenerated electrons to the electrode surface.In addition,the NW morphology both shortens the carrier collection distance and increases the specific surface area,which result in superior reaction kinetics.Moreover,introduction of N in GaP is beneficial for enhancing the light absorption as well as stability.Our efficient and facile strategy can be applied to other solar energy conversion systems as well.展开更多
Based on the consistent symrnetrizable equilibrated （CSE） corotational formulation, a linear triangular flat thin shell element with 3 nodes and 18~ of freedom, constructed by combination of the optimal membrane ele...Based on the consistent symrnetrizable equilibrated （CSE） corotational formulation, a linear triangular flat thin shell element with 3 nodes and 18~ of freedom, constructed by combination of the optimal membrane element and discrete Kirchhoff trian- gle （DKT） bending plate element, was extended to the geometric nonlinear analysis of thin shells with large rotation and small strain. Through derivation of the consistent tangent stiffness matrix and internal force vector, the corotational nonlinear finite element equations were established. The nonlinear equations were solved by using the Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm combined with an automatic load controlled technology. Three typical case studies, i.e., the slit annular thin plate, top opened hemispherical shell and cylindrical shell, validated the accuracy of the formulation established in this paper.展开更多
基金financial support for this work from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21422303, 21573049, 21872043, 81602643)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2142036)+1 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion AssociationSpecial Program of “One Belt One Road” of CAS~~
文摘Simultaneously improving the efficiency and stability on a large scale is significant for the development of photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting systems.Here,we demonstrated a novel design of GaP/GaPN core/shell nanowire(NW)decorated p-Si photocathode for improved PEC hydrogen production performance compared to that of bare p-Si photocathode.The formation of the p-n junction between p-Si and GaP NW promotes charge separation,and the lower conduction band position of GaPN relative to that of GaP further facilitates the transfer of photogenerated electrons to the electrode surface.In addition,the NW morphology both shortens the carrier collection distance and increases the specific surface area,which result in superior reaction kinetics.Moreover,introduction of N in GaP is beneficial for enhancing the light absorption as well as stability.Our efficient and facile strategy can be applied to other solar energy conversion systems as well.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51075208)the Innovation Project for Graduate Students of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. CX07B-162z)the Fund for Innovative and Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of NUAA (Grant No.BCXJ07-01)
文摘Based on the consistent symrnetrizable equilibrated （CSE） corotational formulation, a linear triangular flat thin shell element with 3 nodes and 18~ of freedom, constructed by combination of the optimal membrane element and discrete Kirchhoff trian- gle （DKT） bending plate element, was extended to the geometric nonlinear analysis of thin shells with large rotation and small strain. Through derivation of the consistent tangent stiffness matrix and internal force vector, the corotational nonlinear finite element equations were established. The nonlinear equations were solved by using the Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm combined with an automatic load controlled technology. Three typical case studies, i.e., the slit annular thin plate, top opened hemispherical shell and cylindrical shell, validated the accuracy of the formulation established in this paper.
