碳纤维复合材料制孔结构超声无损检测及评价

为实现碳纤维复合材料制孔结构的无损检测与评价,基于超声波脉冲反射法原理,研制了便携式超声螺旋C扫描检测仪器,建立了制孔结构质量评价的数学模型。通过对人工试样和在役孔进行超声波检测试验,基于静矩原理确定了不规则超声C扫描图像形心,提取了图像中过形心的最长轴线,计算了最长轴线与孔的公称直径比值(RLN)以评价制孔质量。结果表明,该检测方法可大幅提高检测速度;分层缺陷测量值与实际值相当;检测结果与在役孔的实际形貌具有一致性;RLN因子可准确评价多种形式的分层缺陷。

CFRP与钛合金叠层制孔钻头横刃结构优化

针对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)与钛合金夹层结构制孔过程中加工质量、制孔效率与钻头寿命低等问题,以钻头的横刃结构为主要研究对象设计试验方案,对钻头横刃结构进行优化,以提高加工质量、制孔效率与钻头寿命。结果表明:优化后的横刃结构加工性能优于普通"X"形钻头横刃结构,不论是碳纤维复合材料部位还是钛合金部位轴向切削力明显减小。

浅谈碳纤维增复合材料结构钻削工艺

碳纤维的主要用途是与树脂、金属、陶瓷等基体复合，制成结构材料。碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料，其比强度、比模量综合指标表现优异。在密度、刚度、重量、疲劳特性等有严格要求的领域，在要求高温、化学稳定性高的场合，碳纤维复合材料具有明显优势。由于材料自身特点，对其进行制孔时存在一定问题与缺陷。因此，本文针对碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料结构制孔工艺的缺陷进行分析，并对相关刀具及对钻削工艺进行试验，以期试验结果及钻削参数能够为其他同行提供参考依据。

Preparation of dendritic bismuth film electrodes and their application for detection of trace Pb(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)

In this paper,dendritic Bi film electrodes with porous structure had successfully been prepared on glassy carbon electrode using a constant current electrolysis method based on hydrogen bubble dynamic templates.The electrode prepared using a large applied current density showed an increased internal electroactive area and a significantly improved electrochemical performance.The analytical utility of the prepared dendritic Bi film electrodes for the determination of Pb(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)in the range of 5–50 μg·L^(-1)were presented in combination with square wave stripping voltammetry in model solution.Compared with non-porous Bi film electrode,the dendritic Bi film electrode exhibited higher sensitivity and lower detection limit.The prepared Bi film electrode with dendritic structure was also successfully applied to real water sample analysis.

Porous Structure, Salt Component Distribution and Catalytic Preference of Zinc Acetate Catalysts for Vinylacetate Synthesis on Modified Carbon Supports

The main problem in an efficient Zn（CH3COO）2/AC （AC-activated carbon） catalyst preparation is the achievement of uniform distribution of highly dispersed salt component on the activated carbon （AC） surface. The solution of this problem is modification of the AC by hydrogen peroxide （H202） oxidation of the surface and treatment of AC with acetic acid as well as special methods of salt deposition and catalyst drying. The investigations of these ways of AC surface modification （treatment of AC with acetic acid and H2O2） have demonstrated the obtained AC to have both an increased adsorption capacity as to Zn（OAc）2 and optimum volumes of meso- and micro-pores as well as high catalyst activity in vinyl acetate （VA） synthesis. The characteristics of supports and catalysts were found out by benzene, water and acetic acid vapors adsorption. The distribution of the salt on the AC surface was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering （SAXS）, by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray micro-analysis （XMA）. The catalysts were tested in vinyl acetate synthesis in flow-bed isothermal reactor by cyclic method at 175, 205 and 230℃.

Design, Analysis, Fabrication, and Test for Low-Cost and Out-of-Autoclave Composite Airship Gondolas

Out-of-autoclave(OoA) processing has the advantages of low cost,light weight and environmental protection,and has become a hot spot in the field of composite materials worldwide. This paper investigates the application of OoA processing in the gondola of the AS700 civil manned airship. The production cost of gondolas is reduced by selecting low cost materials such as glass fiber,PVC foam and OoA processing. The porosity of parts is reduced and controlled at about 2% by optimizing the edge breathing of prepreg during curing. The maximum tensile strain of the glass fiber is 4 593 με;its maximum compressive strain is 3 680 με;and its maximum shear strain is4 884 με. The maximum Von Mises stress of the foam is 0.70 MPa. These settings all meet the margin requirement of safety. Finally,the ultimate load test of the gondola is carried out to verify the safety of the gondola structure. Our study presents critical parameters for the gondola design,including load,structure,strength,and manufacturing process test,and provides certain references for the design of similar products.

Analysis of Cutout Fiber as Source of Delamination in Composites System Using FEM

Delamination in composite structures can be a serious threat to the safety of the structure. Delamination leads to loss of stiffness and strength of laminates under some conditions. This is particularly so in the case of compressively loaded structures as the loss of stiffness may lead to separation of layers, the consequences of which can be catastrophic. Causes of delamination are many. In aerospace applications, this includes manufacturing defects, as well as operationally induced defects such as bird strikes, hits due to runway debris and tool drops. In this work one of the main causes of delamination that is dealt with, is the one that redistribution of the stress state due to some defects all mostly like here is broken single fiber （cutout fiber） in composite system already initiated by one of the above causes. When a laminate is subjected to in-plane tension, the effects of delamination on the stiffness and strength may be characterized by analytical results concerning the onset of delamination growth and its subsequent development. Many of the analytical treatments deal with just free-edge delamination. In mean time the redistribution and the gradient of the stress state in composite system is playing an important role for causing delamination. The main task of this work is to analyze single fiber with and without cutout embedded in matrix. Different FE models were generated, from the results, the redistribution of the stress state around the defected fiber were presented and discussed. Finally concluded remarks were indicated.

An investigation on micro pore structures and the vapor pressure mechanism of explosive spalling of RPC exposed to high temperature

Reactive powder concrete （RPC） is vulnerable to explosive spalling when exposed to high temperature. The characteristics of micro pore structure and vapor pressure of RPC are closely related to the thermal spalling. Applying mercury intrusion po- rosimetry （MIP） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） techniques, the authors probed the characteristics of micro pore structures of plain RPC200 when heated from 20-350~C. The pore characteristics such as specific pore volume, threshold pore size and most probable pore size varying with temperatures were investigated. A vapor pressure kit was developed to measure the vapor pressure and its variation inside RPC200 at various temperatures. A thin-wall spherical pore model was proposed to ana- lyze the thermo-mechanical mechanism of spalling, by which the stresses varying with the vapor pressure q（T） and the character- istic size of wall （K） at any point of interest were determined. It is shown that the pore characteristics including specific pore volume, average pore size, threshold pore size and most probable pore size rise significantly with the increasing temperature. 200~C appears to be the threshold temperature above which the threshold pore size and the most probable pore size climb up dramatically. The increase in the specific pore volume results from the growth both in quantity and in volume of the transition pores and the capillary pores. The appearance of the explosive spalling in RPC200 is mainly attributed to being unable to form pathways in favor of releasing water steam in RPC and to thin-wall sphere domain where the vapor pressure governs the the rapid accumulation of high vapor pressures as well. The spalling is bounded through the pore model.

Mass transport through metal organic framework membranes

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs), which are composed of metal nodes and organic ligands, possess crystal phase, ordered well-defined porous structure and large surface area. Since first reported in 1990, MOFs have attracted extensive attention and the fabrication of MOF membranes has expanded their applications and endowed them with a bright future in various fields. The mass transportation process through MOF membranes is vital during their diverse applications. In this review, the strategies of preparing continuous and well-intergrown MOF membranes are presented firstly.The selective transportation processes of gas molecules, liquid molecules and ions through MOF membranes are discussed in detail, respectively. The effects of pore entrance size, interaction, functional groups decorating on the ligands and guest components on mass transportation have been summarized in this review as well. In addition, MOF membranes with selective transportation performance demonstrate potential in separation, catalysis, energy transformation and storage devices,and so on.

Microfluidic generation of Buddha beads-like microcarriers for cell culture

The fabrication of functional microcarriers capable of achieving in vivo-like three-dimensional cell culture is important for many tissue engineering applications. Here,inspired by the structure of Buddha beads, which are generally composed of moveable beads strung on a rope, we present novel cell microcarriers with controllable macropores and heterogeneous microstructures by using a capillary array microfluidic technology. Microfibers with a string of moveable and releasable microcarriers could be achieved by an immediate gelation reaction of sodium alginate spinning and subsequent polymerization of cell-dispersed gelatin methacrylate emulsification. The sizes of the microcarriers and their inner macropores could be well tailored by adjusting the flow rates of the microfluidic phases; this was of great importance in guaranteeing a sufficient supply of nutrients during cell culture. In addition, by infusing multiple cell-dispersed pregel solutions into the capillaries, the microcarriers with spatially heterogeneous cell encapsulations for mimicking physiological structures and functions could also be achieved.

Controlling synthesis and gas-sensing properties of ordered mesoporous In2O3-reduced graphene oxide(r GO) nanocomposite

Herein, we describe a strategy for fabricating ordered mesoporous In2O3-reduced graphene oxide(r GO)nanocomposite through ultrasonic mixing, where ordered mesoporous In2O3 nanoparticles are synthesized via the nanocasting route by using mesoporous silica as a hard template, which possess ordered mesostructure with a large surface area of 81 m2g-1, and r GO nanosheets are synthesized from graphite via graphene oxide(GO) as intermediate. After coupled with r GO, mesoporous In2O3 could maintain its ordered mesostructure. We subsequently investigate the gas-sensing properties of all the In2O3 specimens with or without r GO for different gases. The results exhibit the ordered mesoporous In2O3-r GO nanocomposite possesses significantly enhanced response to ethanol even at low concentration levels, superior over pure mesoporous In2O3 nanoparticles. Similar strategy could be extended to other ordered mesoporous metal oxide–r GO nanocomposite for improving the gas-sensing property.