理解数字赋能行政审批制度改革:“技术—结构—制度”三维视角

数字技术赋能行政审批制度改革既是传统行政审批制度改革的迭代升级,也是“放管服”改革中最为重要的有机组成部分,更是一场以数字技术为驱动力、以政府组织结构变革为基础、以政府管理制度创新为手段、以人民为中心的政府改革运动。中央政府推动的“放管服”改革和数字中国战略为数字赋能行政审批制度改革提供了强有力的政治支持。苏浙沪(两省一市)政府在贯彻落实“放管服”改革过程中开展了卓有成效的探索,形成了富有特色的创新模式。引入“技术—结构—制度”三维视角,构建“技术嵌入—结构重塑—制度创新”的分析框架,有助于揭示和理解数字赋能行政审批制度改革的发生机理和行动逻辑。数字赋能行政审批制度改革有力地推动了以“政府为中心”的治理范式向“以人民为中心”的治理范式转变,即便在全球范围内也堪称公共管理改革与创新的典范。这场根植于中国场景的政府改革不仅对促进我国政府治理体系和治理能力现代化有重要价值,也为数字时代全球公共管理改革与创新贡献了中国方案。

消费扶贫协同治理研究--基于“制度-结构-过程”分析框架

充分发挥全社会的力量参与到脱贫攻坚战,是解决扶贫工作在“攻城拔寨”冲刺阶段所面临问题的重要路径。尤其是在“中国之治”实践要求之下,要推动正式制度与非正式制度并举,政府逻辑结构向多元主体结构演进,单一化治理过程向综合化治理过程转变。本文基于湖南省湘西州B县消费扶贫,构建“制度—结构—过程”分析框架,梳理B县消费扶贫协同治理的整体路径以及实践推广的逻辑机理。研究发现,B县消费扶贫的协同推进发生在国家正式制度与非正式制度以及现有技术环境之内,多元主体在制度系统中形成互动运作结构,因此,构建分析框架演绎消费扶贫激励约束、宣传引导、资源集聚、过程监管、利益联结与帮扶协同的治理过程。“中国之治”视域下开展消费扶贫协同治理要求构建“制度—结构—过程”分析框架,为贫困地区呈现消费扶贫协同推进的内在机理及其行动指南。

社会管理制度创新的动阻力分析——以“观念—结构—行为”制度范式为逻辑主线

"观念—结构—行为"制度范式是当代中国社会管理制度创新的有效分析路径。以此制度范式为分析主线,社会管理制度创新的动力包括现代观念嵌入的内在动力、制度供求非均衡的外在动力、利益驱使下理性选择的直接动力。社会管理制度创新的阻力包括观念变革滞后的思想阻力、制度式微及其路径依赖的结构阻力、既得利益者抵制的行为阻力。

灰色治理与征地冲突

灰色利益空间的出现源于征地补偿制度变迁,半正式行政在保障征地有序的同时带来问题。中央为减缓征地冲突,一手限制地方政府征地权力,一手提高被征地农民权益,使灰色利益博弈更加无序。抑制灰色治理负作用的关键是,完善被征地者利益表达渠道,满足合理诉求制止漫天要价行为。当前旨在消灭灰色利益空间的制度建设,在强化中央权威的同时限制了基层实践的灵活性,迫使地方在正式制度外创新治理机制。无论是发包征拆任务,还是以己为主实施征拆,均要按照统一的补偿标准推进征地,会面临分类和治理要价者的双重困境,征地冲突的规模和烈度会快速增加。只有重建中央—地方—农民关系,完善权—责—利统一的征地制度,才能切实减少征地冲突。

Microstructure of TA2/TA15 graded structural material by laser additive manufacturing process

TA2/TA15 graded structural material（GSM） was fabricated by the laser additive manufacturing（LAM） process. The chemical composition, microstructure and micro-hardness of the as-deposited GSM were investigated. The results show that the TA2 part of exhibiting near-equiaxed grains was Widmanst？tten α-laths microstructure. The TA15 part containing large columnar grains was fine basket-weave microstructure. The graded zone was divided into four deposited layers with 3000 μm in thickness. As the distance from the TA2 part increases, the alloy element contents and the β phase volume fraction increase, the α phase volume fraction decreases and the microstructure shows the evolution from Widmanst？tten α-laths to basket-weave α-laths gradually. The micro-hardness increases from the TA2 part to the TA15 part due to the solid solution strengthening and grain boundary strengthening.

Institution,Action and Concept:Three Dimensions of Land Expropriation Dispute Research

This paper reviews the land expropriation dispute research literature from three dimensions： the structure-institution analysis, action research of the dispute parties, ethics and concept research of the dispute parties. The paper makes a summary on the research contents and research methods of each dimension. More- over, the contributions and the limitations are pointed out and suggestions for future

Influence of different curing regimes on the microstructure and macro performance of UHPFRCC

This study investigates the influence of different curing regimes on the microstructure and macro properties of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite （UHPFRCC）, and aims to discover whether it is possible to produce qualified UHPFRCC using different curing regimes. A control mix of UHPFRCC is prepared. The mechanical performance and the short-term durability of the UHPFRCC matrix under three curing regimes are studied. In addition, the microstructures of the UHPFRCC matrix with different curing conditions are analyzed by combining scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and mercury intrusion porosimetry （MIP）. The results explore how different UHPFRCC curing regimes affect its microstructure and how the microstructure affects its macro behavior. Heat and steam curing for 3 d is succeeded to produce the UHPFRCC with nearly the same mechanical properties and durability as those of the 90 d standard curing. However, the heat cured UHPFRCC does not show great resistance to chloride-ion penetration.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TA15/TC11 graded structural material by wire arc additive manufacturing process

A graded structural material(GSM)with a material transition from TA15 to TC11 was fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)method.The grain morphology,chemical composition,microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-deposited GSM were all characterized to investigate their variations along the deposition direction.The results indicate that from TA15 to TC11,the grain size decreases and a transition from columnar grains to equiaxed grains occurs.The content of alloy element alters greatly within a short distance,and the width of the mutation zone is 800μm.Both TA15 and TC11 regions exhibit basketweave microstructure withα-phase andβ-phase.However,during the transition from TA15 to TC11,theα-lath becomes fine,which leads to an increase in microhardness.The tensile test shows that the bonding strength at the interface is higher than the longitudinal strength of TA15,and the lateral elongation at the interface is higher than that of TA15 and TC11.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of cold rolled Mg-8Li and Mg-8Li-2Al-2RE alloys

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-8Li and Mg-8Li-2Al-2RE alloy sheets were evaluated after cold rolling.Both alloys contain α-phase and β-phase which consists of a solid solution of Mg in BCC Li.The proportion ofβ-phase in both alloys is approximately 60%.Theα-phase andβ-phase are elongated approximately parallel to the rolling direction and there is no sign of recrystallization even after being annealed at 200℃for 1 h.The yield strength of Mg-8Li-2Al-2RE sheets is about 165 MPa with elongation of 35%along rolling direction,while the yield strength is about 187 MPa with elongation of 21%along the direction titled 45ü to rolling direction.Theα-phase in both alloys exhibits basal texture,and the intensity of basal texture in Mg-8Li is larger than that in Mg-8Li-2Al-2RE.However,theβ-phase shows(100)texture,and the intensity of(100)texture in Mg-8Li is twice of that in Mg-8Li-2Al-2RE.It could be attributed to the existence of RE-containing particles in Mg-8Li-2Al-2RE.

Control structure comparison for three-product Petlyuk column

The focus of this paper is to investigate different control structures(single-loop PI control) for a dividing wall(Petlyuk) column for separating ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol. Four control structures are studied. All the results are simulations based on Aspen Plus. Control structure 1(CS1) is stabilizing control structure with only temperature controllers. CS2, CS3 and CS4, containing also composition controllers, are introduced to reduce the steady state composition deviations. CS2 adds a distillate composition controller(CCDB) on top of CS1. CS3 is much more complicated with three temperature-composition cascade controllers and in addition a selector to the reboiler duty to control the maximum controller output of light impurity composition control in side stream and bottom impurity control in the prefractionator. CS4 adds another high selector to control the light impurity in the sidestream. Surprisingly, when considering the dynamic and even steady state performance of the proposed control structures, CS1 proves to be the best control structure to handle feed disturbances inserted into the three-product Petlyuk column.

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti/Cu/Ti laminated composites produced by corrugated and flat rolling

Ti/Cu/Ti laminated composites were fabricated by corrugated rolling(CR) and flat rolling(FR) method.Microstructure and mechanical properties of CR and FR laminated composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, numerical simulation methods, peel and tensile examinations. The effect of CR and FR was comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the CR and FR laminated composites exhibited different effective plastic strain distributions of the Ti layer and Cu layer at the interface. The recrystallization texture, prismatic texture and pyramidal texture were developed in the Ti layer by CR, while the R-Goss texture and shear texture were developed in the Cu layer by CR. The typical deformation texture components were developed in the Ti layer and Cu layer of FR laminated composites. The CR laminated composites had higher bond strength, tensile strength and ductility.

Youth Role in the Arab Spring

Middle East and North Africa （MENA） has been experiencing a unique demographic transition in the world especially after September 11, whilst, its social, political and economic structures have considerably remained inflexible and can hardly meet the increasing demands of employment among the youth whose expectations are raised through expansion in education. In spite of various common causes for the Arab uprisings, the paper spotlights the ＂Youth role＂ and its regarded issues of ＂Youth Bulge＂, ＂Education＂ and ＂Unemployment＂ with a glimpse to the overturned regimes of ＂Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen＂. According to published statistics these countries are among the countries with the highest rate of youth as working age population in MENA. Therefore, the paper is to present the importance and impact of youth as a social parameter in challenging political structure of the countries in the MENA and leading to topple their political systems. Thus, the paper reasons the MENA political upheavals, in general, and the mentioned countries＇ uprisings, in particular, can not be well understood disregarding to natural tensions between economic, population structures, and political demographic challenges. This is to be done drawing on data from different international institutions. The intervened variables such as ＂ethnicity, race, religion and sexuality＂ and international parameters have not been considered.

Structural Intensity Characterization of Composite Laminates Subjected to Impact Load

Structural intensity (SI) characterization of composite laminates subjected to impact load was dis-cussed. The SI pattern of the laminates which have different fiber orientations and boundary conditions was analyzed. The resultant forces and velocities of the laminates were calculated, and the structural intensity was evaluated. The SI streamlines of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates and the steel plates were discussed. The results show that the SI streamlines of the graphite/epoxy laminates are different from that of the steel plates, and the SI streamlines are influenced by the boundaries, the stacking sequence of the composite laminates. The change of the historical central displacement of the graphite/epoxy laminates is fasten than that of the steel plates.

Design of Model Following Variable Structure Controller for Three-axle Vehicle

An optimal control procedure is developed for the front and rear wheels of a three-axle vehicle moving on a complex typical road based on model following variable structure control strategy. The actual vehicle may be considered as an uncertain system. Cornering stiffness of front and rear wheels and external disturbances are varied in a limited range. The model-following variable structure control method is used to control both front and rear wheels steering operations of the vehicle, so that steering responses of the vehicle follow from those of the reference model. By numerical results obtained from computer simulation, it is demonstrated that the control system model can cope with the effects of parameter perturbations and outside disturbances.

Diversification or splitting-an explanation based on Contract Theory

By inserting the variable of the exactness of corporate valuation into the classic model of Contract Theory, this paper, on the bases of the interaction of the variables of the veraciousness of corporate valuation, managerial incentives and operational risks, explores the deep-seated reasons for changes in corporate structures, and draws the conclusion that the divestment of the subsidiary is beneficial to shareholders when the parent corporate is undervalued and that the relation between the parent and the subsidiary is disordered, or vice versa. This conclusion is consistent with the motives of many divestiture cases in reality.

Accounting Regulation Research and Structuration Theory

This paper considers accounting regulation research from a structuration and cultural perspective. Therefore, accounting regulation research spans over three spheres of enquiry： （1） an accounting focus of standard-setting; （2） a cultural analysis in an empirical context; and （3） the use of a research methodology drawn from Anthony Giddens＇ structuration theory. In such approach, accounting regulation research analyzes the accounting regulation actors drawing upon the cultures in their standard-setting actions and interactions, referring to Giddens＇ three structural properties of meaning, power, and morality. The integration of these three spheres of enquiry is not entirely original. A few prior studies have similar combinations： Although they stress the uses and consequences of accounting systems in producing and reproducing organizational culture and negotiating meaning at the organizational level, this paper chooses the research approach of contextual analysis of accounting systems at more macro-societal and cultural levels. This different research interest and design provides this paper with its distinguishable characteristic from the prior similar studies.

Bonding mechanism of X10CrNi18-8 with Ni/Al_2O_3 composite ceramic by pressureless infiltration

Abstract： An alloy steel/alumina composite was successfully fabricated by pressureless infiltration of X10CrNil8-8 steel melt on 30% （mass fraction） Ni-containing alumina based composite ceramic （Ni/Al2O3） at 1 600 ℃. The infiltration quality and interfacial bonding behavior were investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD and tensile tests. The results show that there is an obvious interfacial reaction layer between the alloying steel and the Ni/Al2O3 composite ceramic. The interfacial reactive products are （FexAly）3O4 intermetallic phase and （AlxCry）2O3 solid solution. The interracial bonding strength is as high as about 67.5 MPa. The bonding mechanism of X10CrNi 18-8 steel with the composite ceramic is that Ni inside the ceramic bodies dissolves into the alloy melt and transforms into liquid channels, consequently inducing the steel melt infiltrating and filling in the pores and the liquid channels. Moreover, the metallurgical bonding and interfacial reactive bonding also play a key role on the stability of the bonding interface.

Topology of economic systems

An economic topology can have many uses to the academician, student and practitioner. Refining a topology of economic systems helps to bring together seemingly disparate characteristics and to point out potential long run trends. The progression of economic systems over time and also brief explanations of each system are given. We argue that most modem economic systems have some remnants of earlier forms, that is, most economies today are some mixture of what might be considered pure systems. Measurable characteristics to identify a particular system are developed that allows progress to or from a particular classification to be charted for individual countries.

Effect of annealing cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical property of 100Cr6 steel ring manufactured by cold ring rolling process

Pre-heat treatment is a vital step before cold ring rolling and it has significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of rolled rings.The 100Cr6 steel rings were subjected to pre-heat treatment and subsequent cold rolling process.Scanning electron microscopy and tensile tests were applied to investigate microstructure characteristic and mechanical property variations of 100Cr6 steel rings undergoing different pre-heat treatings.The results indicate that the average diameter of carbide particles,the tensile strength and hardness increase,while the elongation decreases with the decrease of cooling rate.The cooling rate has minor effect on the yield strength of sample.After cold ring rolling,the ferrite matrix shows a clear direction along the rolling direction.The distribution of cementite is more homogeneous and the cementite particles are finer.Meanwhile,the hardness of the rolled ring is higher than that before rolling.

Control System Design and Validation for Visual Based Indoor Inspection Helicopter

This paper is on control system design for visual based indoor inspection by the model helicopters. For the indoor inspection system for large structures, there are some cases where it is difficult for htunans to work with. This paper introduces indoor inspection helicopter system with only inspection camera and prism for position sensing as payload. The control system is designed to help the operator of the inspection system to control the helicopter to designated position without much practice. The cases of the control by experienced and novice operators are compared and results show that the system has feasibility for indoor inspection system to be used by any kind of users.