High-density housing can be interpreted as collections of individual units, which inevitably results in the dilemma between the global standardization designed by architects and local customization implemented by user...High-density housing can be interpreted as collections of individual units, which inevitably results in the dilemma between the global standardization designed by architects and local customization implemented by users. However, it is impossible to reflect the users＇ various needs in the conceptual design stage for high-density housing because of the economic, industrial and time constrains. In response to this challenge, this research paper outlines a different high-density housing design approach that can adopt users＇ individual customization in the conceptual design stage during the housing design practice. Hence, the design process would be an open-ended evolutionary and transparent process rather than deterministic executions as we have now in most high-density cities, such as Hong Kong. In order to overcome the deficiency in addressing future uncertainties of different users and address the issues of one-off developments without iterating users＇ feedback in the housing practice, this essay proposes IOSDA （integrated open source design for architecture） for the design practice of high-density housing, through collective data and parametric connectivity between users and architects. IOSDA reflects a different design attitude towards the future, i.e., to shift from architects＇ heroic prediction of the future to collective engagement of the present with more robust capacities for new possibilities.展开更多
A review on the formation and unique physical and mechanical properties of metallic glassy fibers(MGFs)with the diameter ranging from micro to nano scales fabricated by a supercooled liquid extraction method(SLEM)is g...A review on the formation and unique physical and mechanical properties of metallic glassy fibers(MGFs)with the diameter ranging from micro to nano scales fabricated by a supercooled liquid extraction method(SLEM)is given.The SLEM method,through driving metallic glass rods in their supercooled liquid region via superplasticity,can fabricate MGFs with precisely designed and controlled size and properties,high structural uniformity and surface smoothness and extreme flexibility.The SLEM method is efficient and the MGFs can be continuously prepared by this method.A parameter f based on the thermal and rheological properties of MG-forming alloys is proposed to control the preparation and size of the fibers.We show that the novel MGFs with superior properties may attract intensive scientific interests and propel more engineering and functional applications.展开更多
This paper describes a bi-level programming model that seeks to simultaneously optimize location and design decisions of facilities in a distribution system in order to realize company's maximal total profit subje...This paper describes a bi-level programming model that seeks to simultaneously optimize location and design decisions of facilities in a distribution system in order to realize company's maximal total profit subject to the constraints on the facility capacity and the investment budget.In the upper-level problem,twoechelon integrated competitive/uncompetitive capacitated facility location model,which involves facility location and design,is presented.In the lower-level problem,customer is assumed to patronize store based on facility utility which is expressed by service time cost in the store and its travel cost to customer.Customer's facility choice behavior is presented by a stochastic user equilibrium assignment model with elastic demand.Since such a distribution system design problem belongs to a class of NP-hard problem,a genetic algorithm(GA)-based heuristic procedure is presented.Finally,a numerical example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed model and some parameter sensitivity analyses are presented.展开更多
文摘High-density housing can be interpreted as collections of individual units, which inevitably results in the dilemma between the global standardization designed by architects and local customization implemented by users. However, it is impossible to reflect the users＇ various needs in the conceptual design stage for high-density housing because of the economic, industrial and time constrains. In response to this challenge, this research paper outlines a different high-density housing design approach that can adopt users＇ individual customization in the conceptual design stage during the housing design practice. Hence, the design process would be an open-ended evolutionary and transparent process rather than deterministic executions as we have now in most high-density cities, such as Hong Kong. In order to overcome the deficiency in addressing future uncertainties of different users and address the issues of one-off developments without iterating users＇ feedback in the housing practice, this essay proposes IOSDA （integrated open source design for architecture） for the design practice of high-density housing, through collective data and parametric connectivity between users and architects. IOSDA reflects a different design attitude towards the future, i.e., to shift from architects＇ heroic prediction of the future to collective engagement of the present with more robust capacities for new possibilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51271195 and 51171204)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB731603)
文摘A review on the formation and unique physical and mechanical properties of metallic glassy fibers(MGFs)with the diameter ranging from micro to nano scales fabricated by a supercooled liquid extraction method(SLEM)is given.The SLEM method,through driving metallic glass rods in their supercooled liquid region via superplasticity,can fabricate MGFs with precisely designed and controlled size and properties,high structural uniformity and surface smoothness and extreme flexibility.The SLEM method is efficient and the MGFs can be continuously prepared by this method.A parameter f based on the thermal and rheological properties of MG-forming alloys is proposed to control the preparation and size of the fibers.We show that the novel MGFs with superior properties may attract intensive scientific interests and propel more engineering and functional applications.
基金the 2009 Science Foundation for Youths of the Department of Education of Jiangxi Province (No.GJJ09558)the 2009 Humanities and Social Science found of College of Jiangxi Province (No.GL0911)
文摘This paper describes a bi-level programming model that seeks to simultaneously optimize location and design decisions of facilities in a distribution system in order to realize company's maximal total profit subject to the constraints on the facility capacity and the investment budget.In the upper-level problem,twoechelon integrated competitive/uncompetitive capacitated facility location model,which involves facility location and design,is presented.In the lower-level problem,customer is assumed to patronize store based on facility utility which is expressed by service time cost in the store and its travel cost to customer.Customer's facility choice behavior is presented by a stochastic user equilibrium assignment model with elastic demand.Since such a distribution system design problem belongs to a class of NP-hard problem,a genetic algorithm(GA)-based heuristic procedure is presented.Finally,a numerical example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed model and some parameter sensitivity analyses are presented.
