制度矩阵理论:社会研究的新范式

制度矩阵理论是俄罗斯学者基尔吉娜提出的一种新的社会研究范式,它将制度矩阵视为历史上形成的调节经济、政治与意识形态各领域相互作用的一种稳定的、基础的社会制度系统,具有典型的对称性、依赖制约性和主导—互补性。根据基本制度的构成特点,制度矩阵理论运用整体化研究视角,将整个人类社会结构简化为以俄罗斯及东方国家为代表的X矩阵和以西欧、北美国家为代表的Y矩阵两种类型,其中X矩阵以再分配经济、单一制政治和社群主义意识为基本特征,而Y矩阵则以市场经济、联邦制政治和个人主义意识为基本特征。制度矩阵理论的出现为新制度主义的整合提供了一条新的思考路径,对于深入理解人类社会东西方之间的辩证统一关系,打破社会学研究的西方中心主义传统,具有重要的现实意义。

人地比例变动与土地产权制度的变迁——一个关于制度矩阵的网络效果与路径依赖关系的历史分析

笔者认为一个国家路径依赖的形成是制度矩阵作用所产生的网络效果。中国特殊的制度初始禀赋导致了人地比例日趋紧张,土地用养的尖锐矛盾促成了以小土地私有产权制度为核心、以精耕细作耕作制度为基础、以中央集权制度为保障、以精耕细作耕作制度与小土地私有产权制度的紧密联系以及小土地私有产权制度与中央集权制度的紧密结合为主要内容的制度矩阵在西汉时期的建立。这一制度矩阵中各制度向量在共同演进中的互相强化所产生的网络效果,是中国制度变迁路径依赖关系的核心。由于这一制度矩阵的演进导致对中国特定自然环境特征的强化,决定了中国现今的土地产权制度改革的方向必须是在土地国家终极所有的前提下,强化农民现有土地的长期使用权,并通过法律手段保证土地使用权的流转。

制度溢出、协同创新与创新产出

文章构建制度矩阵下的空间计量模型,对政府行为下的制度溢出效应和区域间的高质量创新进行研究。结果表明:依靠高效的通讯方式和便捷的快速交通,政府主导行为下的协同创新行为能够正向促进企业、高校和科研机构的协同创新,提升创新产出水平,同时能够有效形成跨空间、跨区域的高质量协同创新,倒逼政府为企业、高校和科研机构之间的协同创新行为提供更多有利的政策支持和高效的产权保护制度,加快协同创新主体之间的知识流动,促进区域经济的高质量发展。

Vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on dynamic matrix control

Aiming at the control problem of strongly nonlinear and coupled permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)oil rig,this paper presents a predictive control method based on dynamic matrix model.In this method,the dynamic matrix algorithm using multistep prediction technique is applied to the speed loop control of the motor vector control.And its control effect is compared with the traditional proportional integral(PI)control of the motor.By comparing the initial dynamic response and the steady-state recovery under load interference of the two methods,it is shown that the dynamic response and the robustness of the motor controlled by the new method is better than that controlled by conventional PI method.And the feasibility of new control in the application of PMSM oil rig is verified.

Temperature control for thermal treatment of aluminum alloy in a large-scale vertical quench furnace

The temperature control of the large-scale vertical quench furnace is very difficult due to its huge volume and complex thermal exchanges. To meet the technical requirement of the quenching process, a temperature control system which integrates temperature calibration and temperature uniformity control is developed for the thermal treatment of aluminum alloy workpieces in the large-scale vertical quench furnace. To obtain the aluminum alloy workpiece temperature, an air heat transfer model is newly established to describe the temperature gradient distribution so that the immeasurable workpiece temperature can be calibrated from the available thermocouple temperature. To satisfy the uniformity control of the furnace temperature, a second order partial differential equation(PDE) is derived to describe the thermal dynamics inside the vertical quench furnace. Based on the PDE, a decoupling matrix is constructed to solve the coupling issue and decouple the heating process into multiple independent heating subsystems. Then, using the expert control rule to find a compromise of temperature rising time and overshoot during the quenching process. The developed temperature control system has been successfully applied to a 31 m large-scale vertical quench furnace, and the industrial running results show the significant improvement of the temperature uniformity, lower overshoot and shortened processing time.

Singularity Analysis of 2-DOF Planar Seven-bar MechanismsUsed in Hybrid Actuators

Based on the Jacobian matrices relating the input speeds with the output speeds of linkages, a general method, which is used for solving the singularities of planar multi-loop multi-DOF linkages, is presented. The four kinds of singularities of 2-DOF planar seven-bar linkages used in hybrid actuators are analyzed in detail by this method. Its five kinds of singular positions whose characteristics are discussed respectively are discovered. Three approaches are proposed on how to avoid the singular positions of planar multi-loop multi-DOF linkages. Based on the assemblability of planar single-loop N-bar chains or linkages, the geometry conditions are investigated and discovered to avoid the singular positions of the linkages. In order to versify aforementioned conclusions, a case is given in which the singular curves are plotted and simulated.

Research and Design of Coordinated Control Strategy for Smart Electromechanical Actuator System

In order to improve the frequency response and anti-interference characteristics of the smart electromechanical actuator(EMA)system,and aiming at the force fighting problem when multiple actuators work synchronously,a multi input multi output(MIMO)position difference cross coupling control coordinated strategy based on double‑closed-loop load feedforward control is proposed and designed.In this strategy,the singular value method of return difference matrix is used to design the parameter range that meets the requirements of system stability margin,and the sensitivity function and the H_(∞)norm theory are used to design and determine the optimal solution in the obtained parameter stability region,so that the multi actuator system has excellent synchronization,stability and anti-interference.At the same time,the mathematical model of the integrated smart EMA system is established.According to the requirements of point-to-point control,the controller of double-loop control and load feedforward compensation is determined and designed to improve the frequency response and anti-interference ability of single actuator.Finally,the 270 V high-voltage smart EMA system experimental platform is built,and the frequency response,load feedforward compensation and coordinated control experiments are carried out to verify the correctness of the position difference cross coupling control strategy and the rationality of the parameter design,so that the system can reach the servo control indexes of bandwidth 6 Hz,the maximum output force 20000 N and the synchronization error≤0.1 mm,which effectively solves the problem of force fighting.

制度系统的结构分析

对整个制度系统(注意,不是指单项制度)的演化或变迁过程进行分析,是当前制度经济学的前沿课题。为了使分析能够有效进行,就必须对制度系统的结构,也就是一个制度系统中的各项具体制度的关系进行考察。本文对制度系统的结构进行了初步分析。

斯蒂芬·赫德兰视野中的俄罗斯转型路径依赖

斯蒂芬·赫德兰是当代斯堪的纳维亚地区俄罗斯研究的重要代表人物。他使用历史制度主义经济学的研究方法,对俄罗斯转型进行了长期的跟踪研究,以路径依赖为分析框架,形成了一套系统、独特的观点。赫德兰认为,新自由主义转型方案将俄罗斯的历史、文化特点排除在外,忽视了社会规范对于市场经济规则的关键性支持作用,导致俄罗斯转型的失败和逆转。他强调,后苏联时代俄罗斯转型的失败并不是个案,而是与俄罗斯历史上的制度矩阵特点和政治文化有着密切的联系,因而将俄罗斯转型置于长时段的历史背景下进行考察,认为普京治下的"威权主义"实际上是"莫斯科公国"制度的回归。赫德兰主张,俄罗斯未来的转型必须重视制度的转变,彻底打破历史上权力-财产权关系模糊的制度特点,构建以保护私有财产权为主要特点的制度体系,才有可能实现经济、社会的良性发展。