制漂废渣在草浆中段废水处理中的应用

通过对制漂废渣组分的分析，发现其具有一定的净化水质的能力．将其与聚合铝或聚合铁联合使用处理草浆造纸中段废水。

制漂残渣在彩色纸废水脱色中的应用

文章探究了制漂残渣在彩色纸废水脱色工艺方面的工艺条件及应用。应用表明制漂残渣有很好的脱色功效。

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS和多元统计分析樟帮米泔水漂白术漂制过程中化学成分的动态变化研究

目的研究樟帮米泔水漂白术漂制过程中化学成分的动态变化,为白术漂制工艺的合理制定及炮制机制的阐释提供参考。方法以白术生品及其5个不同漂制阶段的漂制品(第1、2阶段漂制品分别为生品用9倍量米泔水各漂12、24 h;第3-5阶段漂制品分别为生品先用9倍量米泔水漂24 h,再用9倍量清水各漂12、24、48 h,漂洗温度均为26℃)为研究对象,采用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)检测其化学成分,以0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱(0-5 min,5%-30%B;5-14 min,30%-60%B;14-23 min,60%-70%B;23-31 min,70%-95%B;31-32 min,95%-5%B;32-35 min,5%B),柱温40℃,进样量2μL,流速0.3 mL·min^(-1);运用电喷雾离子源(ESI),在正离子模式下进行扫描并采集质谱数据,扫描范围m/z 50-1250;利用PeakView 1.2进行数据分析,结合对照品、chemicalbook数据库及相关文献对白术生品及其5个不同漂制阶段漂制品的化学成分进行鉴定;质谱数据通过MarkerView1.2软件归一化处理后应用多元统计分析方法找出差异化合物,分析差异化合物的相对含量随漂制时间不同的变化规律。结果从白术生品及其5个不同漂制阶段漂制品中共鉴别出55个化学成分,包含白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ等在内的40个共有成分。其中,从白术生品、第1-5阶段漂制品中分别鉴别出了53、47、49、49、44、46个成分。与白术生品比较,漂制过程中新增了vitexin和dihydrosyrindine 2个成分,未检测到聚-L-组氨酸、尿苷等9个成分,而9-hydroxy-7-oxo-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-4-ylβ-D-glucopyranoside、4-octylbenzoic acid等4个成分在漂制过程中呈消失-出现的变化趋势。多元统计分析筛选出18个差异化合物,其中白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ这3个差异化合物的相对含量随着漂制时间的延长均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,且都是生品中为最低,第3阶段漂制品中为最高。结论漂制辅料(清水和米泔水)和漂制时间是白术漂制过程中化学成分产生动态变化的主要原因。漂白术饮片若以白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ为指标性成分和药效成分,则白术合理的漂制工艺为:白术生品先用9倍量米泔水漂24 h,再用9倍量清水漂12 h。该实验可为樟帮特色米泔水漂白术炮制科学内涵的阐释提供科学依据。

次氯酸钠漂液制备方法的改进

在制漂槽中安装液氯气化管代替液氯气化器、缓冲罐,简化制漂工艺;用喷射器加强吸收及反应,提高氯的利用率,以及采取降低能耗、减少分解等措施,对现有制漂方法加以改进。

米泔水漂白术漂制过程中挥发性成分的动态变化研究

目的研究米泔水漂白术漂制过程中挥发性成分的组成及含量变化。方法制备白术生品及其5个不同漂制阶段漂制品(第1、2阶段漂制品分别为生品用9倍量米泔水各漂12、24 h;第3~5阶段漂制品分别为生品先用9倍量米泔水漂24 h,再用9倍量清水各漂12、24、48 h),漂洗温度均为26℃。采用顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法对白术生品及其5个不同漂制阶段漂制品的挥发性成分进行定性分析,并运用峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果从白术生品及其5个不同漂制阶段漂制品中共鉴别出49个挥发性成分,包含萜品油烯、莎草烯、苍术酮等在内的20个共有挥发性成分。其中,从白术生品、第1~5阶段漂制品中分别鉴别出了33、31、28、30、28、29种挥发性成分,其总相对百分含量分别为66.218%、64.711%、79.410%、65.419%、67.101%、66.818%;其中,苍术酮的相对百分含量在第4阶段漂制品中最高(41.206%),第3阶段漂制品中最低(35.926%)。与白术生品比较,漂制过程中新增了pethylbrene、β-vetivenen等16个挥发性成分,未检测到棕榈酸乙酯、β-maaliene等8个挥发性成分,而11-rotundene、(-)-valeranone等5个挥发性成分在漂制过程中呈消失-出现和消失-出现-消失的变化趋势。结论在第3个漂制阶段白术漂制品中各挥发性成分的总相对百分含量和燥性代表性成分苍术酮的相对百分含量均最低,即缓解白术燥性的米泔水漂制工艺为白术生品用9倍量米泔水漂24 h,再用9倍量清水漂12 h。

钛钢管取代玻璃管降温提高NaClO制成率

我厂棉浆分厂设计能力14000吨,通过近几年技术改造、挖潜,94年实际完成产量20853吨,比设计能力提高48.95%。而自制NaClO生产装置没有增加,加之新扩建的玻璃纸、小造纸用NaClO量增加,NaClO的供需矛盾日益突出。

Improved YOLOv5-Based Inland River Floating Garbage Detection Model

Detection of floating garbage in inland rivers is crucial for water environmental protection,as it effectively reduces ecological damage and ensures the safety of water resources.To address the inefficiency of traditional cleanup methods and the challenges in detecting small targets,an improved YOLOv5 object detection model was proposed in this study.In order to enhance the model’s sensitivity to small targets and mitigate the impact of redundant information on detection performance,a bi-level routing attention mechanism was introduced and embedded into the backbone network.Additionally,a multi-scale detection head was incorporated into the model,allowing for more comprehensive coverage of floating garbage of various sizes through multi-scale feature extraction and detection.The Focal-EIoU loss function was also employed to optimize the model parameters,improving localization accuracy.Experimental results on the publicly available FloW_Img dataset demonstrated that the improved YOLOv5 model outperforms the original YOLOv5 model in terms of precision and recall,achieving a mAP(mean average precision)of 86.12%,with significant improvements and faster convergence.

星点设计-效应面法优选米泔水漂白术炮制工艺

目的优选樟帮特色米泔水漂白术炮制工艺,为米泔水漂白术炮制规范提供科学依据。方法采用星点设计-效应面法进行米泔水漂白术炮制工艺设计,以米泔水用量、漂洗时间、漂洗温度为考察因素;采用HPLC法测定白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ等成分量,进行加权综合评分计算OD值(归一化值),采用Design Expert进行2次项回归拟合,优选其最佳工艺并进行验证。结果最佳炮制工艺漂洗条件为米泔水用量为9倍、漂洗时间55 h、漂洗温度26℃,在此条件下,白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ等成分量综合评分OD值为0.960。结论米泔水漂白术在此条件下稳定可行,能为米泔水漂白术饮片生产与质量标准规范提供参考。

Performance of bottleneck shifting for remanufacturing system considering returns' quality grading

Aimed at the remanufacturing system, the effect of the uncertainty of returns＇ quality on bottleneck shifting is investigated. A novel definition of bottleneck station is presented and the probability of a station becoming a bottleneck is also given. By calculating the effective output, the effective operation time （EOT） and the ratio of EOT of each station, the system＇s current bottleneck of effective output time is determined. By calculating the probability coefficient of variation and index of bottleneck shifting, the quantitative performance of bottleneck shifting is obtained. Discrete event simulation and the experiment design method are adopted to simulate the system, in which the proportion of quality grading, repair rates and process routes are considered. The case study shows that the uncertainty of returns＇ quality greatly increases the probability of bottleneck shifting, and with the increase of the discrete degree of the returns＇ repair rate, the bottleneck shifting phenomenon is more obvious. Furthermore, bottleneck shifting is closely related to the process route of the dominating returns＇ quality grade.

An Analog Equalizer and Baseline-Wander Cancelle rfor 100/1000Base-TX Transceiver

A frequency-domain equalizer with a mixed-signal adaptive control loop and a novel baseline wander （BLW） canceller are proposed. The equalizer is independent of channel-modeling accuracy,and its control loop is intrinsically stable. An AGC function is incorporated into the equalizer without an extra AGC circuit. The proposed BLW canceller uses a peak detector to monitor the BLW and full feedback method to accomplish BLW canceling. High canceling accuracy and robust performance are achieved. The circuits are tested in 0.25μm CMOS technology. Better performance and smaller silicon area are achieved compared with results in the literature.

New digital drive phase control for improving bias stability of silicon MEMS gyroscope

In order to improve the bias stability of the micro-electro mechanical system（MEMS） gyroscope and reduce the impact on the bias from environmental temperature,a digital signal processing method is described for improving the accuracy of the drive phase in the gyroscope drive mode.Through the principle of bias signal generation,it can be concluded that the deviation of the drive phase is the main factor affecting the bias stability.To fulfill the purpose of precise drive phase control,a digital signal processing circuit based on the field-programmable gate array（FPGA） with the phase-lock closed-loop control method is described and a demodulation method for phase error suppression is given.Compared with the analog circuit,the bias drift is largely reduced in the new digital circuit and the bias stability is improved from 60 to 19 °/h.The new digital control method can greatly increase the drive phase accuracy,and thus improve the bias stability.

Identification and characterization of microbial agents in a bloom of floating microorganisms in the Hailang River,China in 2006

In February 2006,a large amount of unknown floating microorganisms appeared in the Hailang River(HR) in the City of Hailin,Heilongjiang Province,China.The microorganisms caused the river water fouling and threatened the clean water supply of the city.To identify the unknown floating organisms,morphological and histological inspection,PCR,cloning and sequence analysis were conducted.The results revealed that the unknown floating organisms in the river were a novel species that likely belonged to oomycetes in Saprolegniales.The organisms were named Saprolegnia sp.HL0602.

A data-driven method to predict future bottlenecks in a remanufacturing system with multi-variant uncertainties

The remanufacturing system is remolding the manufacturing industry by bringing scrapped products back to such a condition that reintegrated performance is just as good as new.The remanufacturing environment is featured by a far deeper level of uncertainty than new manufacturing,such as probabilistic routing files,and highly variable processing time.The stochastic disturbances result in the production bottlenecks,which constrain the productivity of the job shop.The uncertainties in the remanufacturing process cause the bottlenecks to shift when the workshop is processing.Considering this outstanding problem,many researchers try to optimize the production process to mitigate dynamic bottlenecks toward a balanced state.This paper proposes a data-driven method to predict bottlenecks in the remanufacturing system with multi-variant uncertainties.Firstly,discrete event simulation technology is applied to establish a simulation model of the remanufacturing production line and calculate the bottleneck index to identify bottlenecks.Secondly,a data-driven method,auto-regressive moving average(ARMA)model is employed to predict the bottlenecks in the system based on real-time data captured by the Arena software.Finally,the proposed prediction method is verified on real data from the automobile engine remanufacturing production line.

环保类虚假广告的破解与治理研究

识破企业编织谎言的方法是治理漂绿广告的前提;关键与难点是通过专业和市场化手段来鉴别漂绿广告;完善法规、确立三元社会结构的监督机制以及鼓励公民参与反漂绿新闻生产是治理我国漂绿广告的长效机制。

A New High Voltage SOI Device with a Nonuniform Thickness Drift Region and Its Optimization

A new SO1 high-voltage device structure with nonuniform thickness drift region （n-uni SOl） and its optimiza- tion design method are proposed. Owing to the nonuniform thickness drift region, the electric field in the SOl layer is modulated and the electric field in the buried layer is enhanced, resulting in an enhancement of breakdown voltage. An analytical model taking the modulation effect into account is presented to optimize the device structure. Based on the analytical model, the dependencies of the electric field distribution and breakdown voltage on the device parameters are investigated. Numerical simulations support the analytical model. The breakdown voltage of the n-uni SOl LDMOS with n = 3 is twice as high as that of a conventional SO1 while its on-resistance maintains low.

Task space control of free-floating space robots using constrained adaptive RBF-NTSM

Trajectory tracking control of space robots in task space is of great importance to space missions, which require on-orbit manipulations. This paper focuses on position and attitude tracking control of a tree-floating space robot in task space. Since nei- ther the nonlinear terms and parametric uncertainties of the dynamic model, nor the external disturbances are known, an adap- tive radial basis function network based nonsingular terminal sliding mode （RBF-NTSM） control method is presented. The proposed algorithm combines the nonlinear sliding manifold with the radial basis function to improve control performance. Moreover, in order to account for actuator physical constraints, a constrained adaptive RBF-NTSM, which employs a RBF network to compensate for the limited input is developed. The adaptive updating laws acquired by Lyapunov approach guar- antee the global stability of the control system and suppress chattering problems. Two examples are provided using a six-link free-floating space robot. Simulation results clearly demonstrate that the proposed constrained adaptive RBF-NTSM control method performs high precision task based on incomplete dynamic model of the space robots. In addition, the control errors converge faster and the chattering is eliminated comparing to traditional sliding mode control.