压力传感器在碱性锌锰电池制环机中的应用

正极粉环重量的稳定性是影响碱性锌锰电池质量的重要因素之一。介绍了压力传感器在碱性锌锰电池制环机上的应用,在粉环成型机上利用压力传感器和压力转换控制器对粉环重量进行实时监控,实现自动报警功能,提高产品稳定性。

饮料吸管可弯曲环滚制机的研制

针对饮料吸管可弯螺环人工加工的落后状况，本文介绍了一种全自动滚制螺环的新型机械的布局构成，工作原理，主要结构设计及技术参数。

焊环自动成形机设计

介绍了一种自行研制的焊环自动成形机(简称制环机)的工作原理及结构,并着重分析、说明了其主要设计情况。该机结构简单、动作可靠、操作方便、制造成本低、自动化程度高、经济实用,能满足多种规格焊环的生产要求及加工精度要求。

Electrochemical behavior and cyclic fading mechanism of LiNi_(0.5) Mn_(0.5) O_2 electrode in LiNO_3 electrolyte

Electrochemical behavior of layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 in LiNO3 aqueous solution and its cyclic fading mechanism in electrolytes with different pH values were investigated. CV results show that LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 has good electrochemical reversible behaviors in 5 mol/L LiNO3 solution. Meanwhile, the electrode in 5 mol/L LiNO3 with pH value of 12 demonstrates the best electrochemical stability. Based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） results, it is proposed that suppressed charge-transfer resistance is the major reason, which is probably ascribed to the more stable electrode surface and less structure change.

An Optimal Model for Carbon Sinks of CDM Project to Build a New Countryside Based on Cyclic Economy under Uncertainty

Based on the status and characteristics of Clean Development Mechanism （CDM） renewable energy project and the mode of cyclic economy, aimed at achieving the maximum capacity of carbon sinks in the system, Lvjin Jiayuan—New Countryside Distripark CDM project in Wuchuan County was taken as an example for developing an interval linear programming （ILP） model to optimize the crops planting scheme and cows breeding scheme by using interval optimal method. The case showed that the optimized crops planting scheme and cows breeding scheme obtained from the optimal model was reasonable with relatively preferable overall performance. In the context of meeting economic benefits and fertilizer, electricity demand, [231 287.8, 273 312.7] t of CO2 could be absorbed and fixed, which had increased by [12.94, 33.46]% compared with the feasibility scheme of case project and provided technical support for making the decision in CDM project.

EFFECTIVE DOUBLE LOOP CONTROL FOR A SQUARE WAVE BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR

A new type of brushless DC motor has been developed by using a square wave rare earth permanent magnet synchronous motor with its double loop control circuit. The double loop control scheme of the drive system yields a combination of desired characteristics including simplified control structure, small ripple torque, high speed accuracy, wide operating speed range, and fast dynamic response. Experimental results confirm excellent characteristics of the motor.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON NO TAIL ROTOR (NOTAR) HELICOPTER

The circulation contr ol tail boom is a new technology used as an anti-torque system for the no tail rotor helicopter. In order to study the effect of the different parameters on th e circulation control tail boom, two models with the different circulation contr ol tail booms are designed and constructed. The experiments are introduced in th is paper by measuring the pressure distribution on the models in wind tunnel and under main rotor, respectively. By analyzing and discussing the experimental re sults, the effects of the momentum coefficient, the slot′s geometry parameters and the freestream velocity on the aerodynamic forces of the circulation control tail boom have been expounded, and the reasonable explanations about the test r esult have been given in theory.

A NEW CONTROL METHOD FOR ULTRASONIC MOTOR

A new method for the control of the speed of an ultrasonic motor and its implementation are proposed. The method is merely used by detecting the time when motor′s monitor signal reaches a non zero reference value than a zero one, the direction, in which the driving frequency of the motor should be shifted, can be promptly calculated. With the aid of a CPU and the phase locked frequency doubling technique, the motor can be steadily driven in a wide range of frequency and the optimum frequency can be captured rapidly and precisely. Experiment shows that the above method is available.

Changing the balance of the MTO reaction dual-cycle mechanism: Reactions over ZSM-5 with varying contact times

The methanol to olefins （MTO） reaction was performed over ZSM‐5 zeolite at 300℃ under various methanol weight hourly space velocity （WHSV） values. During these trials, the catalytic perfor‐mance was assessed, in addition to the formation and function of organic compounds retained in the zeolite. Analysis of reaction effluents and confined organics demonstrated a dual‐cycle reaction mechanism when employing ZSM‐5. The extent of the hydrogen transfer reaction, a secondary reac‐tion in the MTO process, varied as the catalyst‐methanol contact time was changed. In addition, 12C/13C‐methanol switch experiments indicated a relationship between the dual‐cycle mechanism and the extent of the hydrogen transfer reaction. Reactions employing a low methanol WHSV in conjunction with a long contact time favored the hydrogen transfer reaction to give alkene products and promoted the generation and accumulation of retained organic species, such as aromatics and methylcyclopentadienes, which enhance the aromatic cycle. When using higher WHSV values, the reduced contact times lessened the extent of the hydrogen transfer reaction and limited the genera‐tion of methylcyclopentadienes and aromatic species. This suppressed the aromatic cycle, such that the alkene cycle became the dominant route during the MTO reaction.

Splenic vasculopathy in portal hypertension patients

AIM： To investigate the interaction between portal hypertension, splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation and splanchnic vasculopathy by observing splenic arterial and venous pathological changes and the role of extracellular matrix in the pathogenesis of portal hypertensive vasculopathy by measuring the expression of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ procollagen mRNA in splenic venous walls of portal hypertensive patients. METHODS： Morphological changes of splenic arteries and veins taken from portal hypertensive patients （n = 20） and normal controls （n = 10） were observed under optical and electron microscope. Total RNA was extracted and the expression of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ procollagen mRNA in splenic venous walls of portal hypertensive patients （n= 20） was semi-quantitatively detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. RESULTS： Under optical microscope, splenic arterial intima was destroyed and internal elastic membrane and medial elastic fibers of the splenic arterial walls were degenerated and broken. Splenic venous intima became remarkably thick. Endothelial cells were not intact with formation of mural thrombus. The tunica media became thickened significantly due to hypertrophy of smooth muscles. Fibers and connective tissues were increased obviously. Under electron microscope, smooth muscle cells of the splenic arteries were degenerated and necrotized. Phenotypes of smooth muscle cells changed from constrictive into synthetic type. Red blood cells and platelets accumulated around the damaged endothelial cells. Synthetic smooth muscle cells were predominant in splenic veins and their cytoplasma had plentiful rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes and Golgi bodies. Along the vascular wall, a lot of collagen fibers were deposited, the intima was damaged and blood components accumulated. There was no significant difference in the expression of type Ⅰ procollagen mRNA in splenic venous wall between the patients with portal hypertension and those without portal hypertension （P〉0.05）, but the expression of type Ⅲ procoagen mRNA was significantly stronger in the patients with portal hypertension than in those without portal hypertension （P〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Type Ⅲ procollagen and collagen might be important extra-cellular matrix resulting in neointimal formation and vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of portal hypertensive vasculopathy. The pathological changes in splenic arteries and veins exist in portal hypertension patients. There might be an interaction between portal hypertension, splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation and splanchnic vasculopathy.

Circulating DNA level is negatively associated with the long-term survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients

AIM： To quantify the circulating DNA in plasma from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and to evaluate its prognostic value. METHODS： Blood samples were collected from 79 patients with HCC before operation, 20 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 20 healthy volunteers. Circulating DNA was extracted from plasma and quantified. The association between circulating DNA level and prognosis of HCC patients was evaluated. RESULTS： Compared with the healthy volunteers （17.6 ± 9.5 ng/mL）, a significant higher circulating DNA level was found in the patients with HCC （47.1 ± 43.7 ng/ mL, P = 0.000） or with liver cirrhosis （30.0 ± 13.3 ng/ mL, P = 0.002）. The circulating DNA level was closely associated with tumor size （P = 0.008） and TNM stage （P = 0.040）, negatively associated with the 3-year diseasefree survival （DFS） （P = 0.017） and overall survival （OS） （P = 0.001）. CONCLUSION： Large or invasive tumor may release more circulating DNA, and higher level of circulating DNA may be associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients.

The inner circulation mechanism in sinking column formation in North China coal field ——A case study in Fengfeng mining areas

Sinking columns are one of the most hazardous geological structures in north Chine typed coal fields. To understand the sinking column formation, to judge if the columns are hazardous or not, the inner circle mechanism of groundwater in forming sinking columns in the relatively isolated areas was proposed according to the investigation on formation or distribution of sinking columns in some north China typed coal fields, such as Fengfeng, Xiangtai, Huaibei, Yangquan and so on. The heat generated by magma energized groundwater circulation and developed limestone karst in the relatively isolated areas. The CaCO3 solution accelerated by geothermal abnormality, the effect of high content of CO2 on dissolution and saturation of CaCO3 were discussed. Compared the forming conditions of the sinking columns developed in other coal mining areas in north China coal field, the paper deduced that the above factors collude karst development and sinking column formation, the columns in current geothermal areas are permeable and those in high coal rank areas or in paleo abnormally geothermal areas. The paper suggested that the sinking columns in the current abnormally geothermal areas were permeable, but those in the areas with high coal rank were not on contract.

Metastatic bone cancer as a recurrence of early gastric cancer - characteristics and possible mechanisms

The surgical outcome of most early gastric cancer （EGC） is usually satisfactory. Some cases show bone metastasis even though the depth of cancer invasion is confined to the mucosa. The most frequent site for recurrence of EGC is the liver. Cases of EGC with bone metastasis are reviewed to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of EGC giving rise to bone metastasis. Possible mechanisms and risk factors underlying this rare condition are proposed. Forty-six cases of bone metastasis from EGC are reviewed from published reports and meeting proceedings in Japan. This investigation suggests that risk factors for bone metastasis from EGC include depressed-type signet-ring cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, and/or the likely involvement of lymph node metastasis, even though the cancer is confined to the gastric mucosa. The risk factors do not include recurrence of EGC in the liver. We speculate that the mechanism of bone metastasis from EGC is via lymphatic channels and systemic circulation. Postoperative follow-up of cases should consider the development of bone metastasis from EGC. We propose the use of elevated alkaline phosphatase levels for the detection of bone metastasis and recommend bone scintigraphy in positive cases. 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Effect of lactulose on establishment of a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model

AIM： To explore the relationship between changes of intestinal environment and pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH）. METHODS： Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly dMded into model group （n = 24）, treatment group （n = 12）, and control group （n = 6）. The rats of model and treatment groups were given high-fat diet, and those of the control group were given normal diet. Furthermore, the rats of treatment group were given lactulose after 8 wk of high-fat diet. Twelve rats of the model group were killed at 8 wk of high-fat diet. At the 16 wk the rats of treatment group, control group, and the rest of the model group were killed. The serum levels of aminotransferase were measured and the histology of livers was observed by H＆E staining. RESULTS： The livers of rats presented the pathological features of steatohepatitis with higher serum levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in the model group after 16 wk. Compared to the model group, the serum levels of ALT and AST in treatment group decreased significantly and were close to the normal group, and the hepatic inflammation scores also decreased markedly than those in the model group after 16 wk （5.83±2.02 vs 3.63±0.64, P〈0.05）, but were still higher than those in the model group after 8 wk （3.63±0.64 vs 1.98±0.90, P〈0.05）. However, the degree of hepatic steatosis had no changes in treatment group compared to the model group after 16 wk. CONCLUSION： Lactulose could ameliorate the hepatic inflammation of rats with steatohepatitis induced by fat- rich diet, but could not completely prevent the development of steatohepatitis. It is suggested that intestinal environmental changes such as intestinal bacteria overgrowth, are one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of NASH.

Numerical simulation of cyclic behavior of double sand lenses and corresponding liquefaction-induced soil settlement

A two-dimensional numerical model was used to explain the liquefaction mechanism of double sand lenses and the corresponding soil deformation due to the cyclic loading. Moreover, in order to investigate the influences of the soil characteristics and input loading data a parametric study was carried out on the essential parameters affecting the soil settlement, and so the variation of these parameters with the corresponding displacements was mainly examined. At last, the results obtained from the numerical analyses of double sand lenses and a continuous sand layer with similar characteristics were compared with those of an estimating method proposed by ISHIHARA and YOSHIMINE. The comparisons show that the settlements due to liquefaction of the continuous sand layer in both numerical and the estimating method are in a good agreement with and are obviously greater than those of double sand lenses.

Hepatorenal syndrome

Hepatorenal syndrome(HRS) is defined as a functional renal failure in patients with liver disease with portal hypertension and it constitutes the climax of systemic circulatory changes associated with portal hypertension.This term refers to a precisely specified syndrome featuring in particular morphologically intact kidneys,where regulatory mechanisms have minimised glomerular filtration and maximised tubular resorption and urine concentration,which ultimately results in uraemia.The syndrome occurs almost exclusively in patients with ascites.Type 1 HRS develops as a consequence of a severe reduction of effective circulating volume due to both an extreme splanchnic arterial vasodilatation and a reduction of cardiac output.Type 2 HRS is characterised by a stable or slowly progressive renal failure so that its main clinical consequence is not acute renal failure,but refractory ascites,and its impact on prognosis is less negative.Liver transplantation is the most appropriate therapeutic method,nevertheless,only a few patients can receive it.The most suitable "bridge treatments" or treatment for patients ineligible for a liver transplant include terlipressin plus albumin.Terlipressin is at an initial dose of 0.5-1 mg every 4 h by intravenous bolus to 3 mg every 4 h in cases when there is no response.Renal function recovery can be achieved in less than 50% of patients and a considerable decrease in renal function may reoccur even in patients who have been responding to therapy over the short term.Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt plays only a marginal role in the treatment of HRS.

Game analysis on Huaihe River anti-pollution administration mechanism and policy research

Based on the literature review of environmental anti-pollution researches, this paper analyzes the administra- tive mechanism of Huaihe River anti-pollution with game theory. Based on the quantitative analysis on three correspond- ing game models with four players including local residents, enterprises, local governments and competent authorities at higher levels, this paper demonstrates four main shortcomings of current administrative mechanism of Huaihe River anti-pollution system, including low emission cost, low connivance cost, overemphasis on heavy fine of the enterprises, neglect of the punishment on the local departments and intersected administrative mechanism. This paper sets up anti- pollution administrative mechanism, combining economic method with noneconomic method, government control with market mechanism, and introducing public participation. At last, this paper proposes policies, such as implementing emissions trading system, reforming public participation system, and reforming government’s environmental protection mechanism to promote law enforcement.

Extraluminal factors contributing to inflammatory bowel disease

Many identified and yet unknown factors contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).The genome-wide association studies clearly support the earlier developed concept that IBD occurs in genetically predisposed individuals who are exposed to distinct environmental factors,which together result in dysregulation of the mucosal immune system.Thus,the majority of previous studies have focused on the immune response within the intestinal wall.The present review aims to emphasize the contribution of three extraluminal structures to this inflammatory process,namely the mesenteric fat tissue,the lymphatics and the microvasculature.Broadening our view across the intestinal wall will not only facilitate our understanding of the disease,but will also us to identify future therapeutic targets.

Tumor cyclooxygenase-2 levels correlate with tumor invasiveness in human hepatocellular carcinoma

ABM: Recent studies suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enhances tumor angiogenesis via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Although COX-2 expression has been demonstrated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the significance of COX-2 in progression of HCC remains unclear. This study evaluated the clinico-pathological correlation of COX-2 level and its relationship with VEGF level in HCC. METHODS: Fresh tumor tissues were obtained from 100 patients who underwent resection of HCC. COX-2 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry, and quantitatively by an enzyme immunometric assay (EIA) of tumor cytosolic COX-2 levels. Tumor cytosolic VEGF levels were measured by an ELISA. RESULTS: Immunostaining showed expression of COX-2 in tumor cells. Tumor cytosolic COX-2 levels correlated with VEGF levels (r = 0.469,P<0.001). Correlation with clinicopathological features showed significantly higher tumor cytosolic COX-2 levels in the presence of multiple tumors (P = 0.027), venous invasion (P = 0.030), microsatellite lesions (P=0.037) and advanced tumor stage (P = 0.008). Higher tumor cytosolic COX-2 levels were associated with worse patient survival. CONCLUSION: This study shows that elevated tumor COX-2 levels correlate with elevated VEGF levels and invasiveness in HCC, suggesting that COX-2 plays a significant role in the progression of HCC.

A study of legal attributes of carbon emission rights in carbon trading

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has given birth to an international carbon trading market prosperity, which provides developing countries with valuable opportunity to address climate change issues right along with economic development and environmental improvement to achieve sustainable development. However, most studies of CDM focus on economics, and few on its legal problems. CDM involves too many aspects. And the clear legal attribute of trading object is the basis of progress of the transaction and also the start point of legal protection. Therefore, this paper in accordance with the inherent principle of property rights economics, and environmental economics in CDM, only discusses CDM carbon emission right legal interpretation and its attribution. The paper recommends that in order to ensure and promote the carbon emission right trading, carbon emission right should be attributed into the system of real rights to be regulated by Real Right Law. In this way, carbon emission right can gain exclusive power of possession and use, which can achieve a clear right def inition of environmental goods in line with Coase's theory to protect Chinese prof it in carbon trading market and promote the development of the carbon trading market further.