西气东输二线管道工程采用X80钢管的方案研究

分析了国内外X80钢管的制造、应用情况。针对西气东输二线管道的具体情况,对几十个工艺方案进行了研究,从建设投资、费用现值、年耗气水平、国内钢板钢管生产供应、施工能力、运输能力等方面进行了方案比较。推荐的管径1219mm、压力12MPa、钢级X80方案比其他方案经济合理,具有世界领先水平。国内钢厂、制管厂经过大量技术攻关,生产出了高质量的产品并实现了国产化,保证了西气东输二线管道工程的建设。

Exercise intolerance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction： more than a heart problem

Heart failure （HF） with preserved ejection fraction （HFpEF） is the most common form of HF in older adults, and is increasing in preva- lence as the population ages. Furthermore, HFpEF is increasing out of proportion to HF with reduced EF （HFrEF）, and its prognosis is worsening while that of HFrEF is improving. Despite the importance of HFpEF, our understanding of its pathophysiology is incomplete, and optimal treatment remains largely undefined. A cardinal feature of HFpEF is reduced exercise tolerance, which correlates with symptoms as well as reduced quality of life. The traditional concepts of exercise limitations have focused on central dysfimction related to poor cardiac pump function. However, the mechanisms are not exclusive to the heart and lungs, and the understanding of the pathophysiology of this dis- ease has evolved. Substantial attention has focused on defining the central versus peripheral mechanisms underlying the reduced functional capacity and exercise tolerance among patients with HF. In fact, physical training can improve exercise tolerance via peripheral adaptive mechanisms even in the absence of favorable central hemodynamic function. In addition, the drug trials performed to date in HFpEF that have focused on influencing cardiovascular function have not improved exercise capacity. This suggests that peripheral limitations may play a significant role in HF limiting exercise tolerance, a hallmark feature of HFpEF.

Role of NGOs in the National Significant Seismic Monitoring and Protection Regions

In this paper,we analyzed the One Foundations relief and reconstruction activities after the Yaan earthquake.The analysis shows that the participation of NGOs in disaster relief activities has undergone different stages.In the Jiujiang earthquake,NGOs participation was in the rudimentary stage.In the Wenchuan earthquake,they became one of the active participants.In the Yaan earthquake,they played an active role through a cooperation mechanism.That means NGOs have had the capability of resource mobilization and cooperation with them will improve disaster management capacities,especially in the national significant seismic monitoring and protection regions.

Effects of Internal Control System Deficiency on Contractors＇ Infrastructural Development Capability in the Nigerian Public Sector

Infrastructure development in Nigeria has attracted the attention of researchers in view of the attitudes of contractors and government lead-lag role playing. These attitudes led to the enactment of Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 and Public Procurement Act 2007 to reduce internal control system deficiencies and budget indiscipline in the Nigerian public sector fiscal matters and procurement process. Ironically, despite these efforts, infrastructure development is still a problem affecting the lives of Nigerians as their poverty level is on the increase. This paper tests the effects of internal control system deficiency on contractors＇ capability in infrastructure development in the Nigerian public sector. Data drawn from a sample of 228 infrastructures were used for analysis. Two research questions on contractors＇ fiduciary obligation to government and capacity were analysed. Kendall＇s Tau-br correlation of coefficient and Chi-square X^2 statistics were employed for data analysis. Findings show that deficient internal control system strongly and directly breeds deficiency in the contractors＇ capability for infrastructure development. The paper recommends that oath of bribery should complement oath of secrecy to ensure that contractors and government agencies that are responsible for execution of infrastructure play to the rules of the ＂games＂, especially the provisions of Public Procurement Act 2007 and Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007. Public-private-partnership-initiative, such as build-operate and transfer method of contracting, should be encouraged to improve on contractors＇ capability and stewardship.

Localized Manufacture of Nuclear Power Equipment in China

The paper expresses the view that China's essential way out for developing nuclear power lies in localization of manu facture, based on her technical level and capability in designing and manufacturing nuclear power equipment. Moreover, the paper opines that domestically manufactured nuclear power equipment has a certain competitive potential with respect to quality and price, the crux lying in the neces sity of reforming the management system of nuclear power.

Unilateral self-locking mechanism for inchworm in-pipe robot

A unilateral self-locking mechanism(USM) was proposed to increase the tractive ability of the inchworm in-pipe robots for pipeline inspection.The USM was basically composed of a cam,a torsional spring and an axis.The self-locking and virtual work principles were applied to studying the basic self-locking condition of the USM.In order to make the cooperation between the crutch and telescopic mechanism more harmonical,the unlocking time of the USM was calculated.A set of parameters were selected to build a virtual model and fabricate a prototype.Both the simulation and performance experiments were carried out in a pipe with a nominal inside diameter of 160 mm.The results show that USM enables the robot to move quickly in one way,and in the other way it helps the robot get self-locking with the pipe wall.The traction of the inchworm robot can rise to 1.2 kN,beyond the limitation of friction of 0.497 kN.

Leadership in Safety and Regulatory Oversight： Defining the Leadership Framework in Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority

The purpose of this paper is to define a leadership competency framework for nuclear within Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority （PNRA）. It provides arguments for a more holistic approach towards leadership development in nuclear organization. It further provides leadership framework that can be used （adapted/adopted） by other regulatory bodies for developing leadership within the organization. It is expected that new countries embarking on nuclear power programme will especially find this interesting and useful as they will also face similar challenges as faced by Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority during its formative year. Paper further provides insights into the process of leadership development in organization. It is suggested that an integrated approach is important to develop nuclear leadership within the organization. It was also found that an effective leadership development program is not only long process but requires commitment from top leadership. Leadership gap analysis, providing open feedback and action learning project were important elements for leadership development.

An Empirical Study on Internal Control and Corporate Performance in Transportation Industry

In order to study whether the intemal control of enterprises is effective, this paper studies the relationship between the quality of internal control and the performance of the company in 2012-2015, in which 61 listed companies in China＇s Shanghai traffic transportation industry are studied. The results show that the quality of internal control has a significant positive correlation with the financial performance of enterprises. In particular, the internal control is significantly correlated with the company＇s growth ability, and the internal control is positively correlated with the profitability of the company. This research provides empirical data and decision-making basis for the state to deepen the construction of internal control system and strengthen internal control management of enterprises.

Merit and Evaluation Models for Managers in the National Health System： An Empirical Study

The national health system （NHS） complexity increase requires a review of the managerial human resources evaluation and recruiting methods, considering that nowadays doctors need to improve not just their clinical capabilities, but also managerial competences. At this end it is important to develop performances control models and to identify appropriate results indicators, with the aim of introducing an effective doctors selection system for managerial roles. The paper considers the Italian situation and tests the current evaluation and selection methods, by analysing the literature and the existing legislation and by interviewing experts. Moreover, in order to reach an innovative model, complex organizations have been taken into account as benchmarks. Three different categories of experts have been interviewed and texted： national health care organizations managers, companies managers, and business consultants. The 137 interviewed experts have been asked about four main questions concerning the evaluation for hiring managers as chief medical director, department director, and head of complex units. The conducted research suggests four different options in order to evaluate and to select heads of complex unit for the most strategic roles. By consequence, the analysis shows that required characteristics must be managerial attitudes as well as clinical capabilities.

The Constitution and Working Mechanism of the Fast Fashion Enterprise Financial Competitiveness

With the Pearson Correlation Coefficient measurement method, this paper studies the correlation between the various elements influencing the financial competitiveness of the fast fashion enterprieses and the long-term financial stability, which shows that the financial resilience has the biggest correlation with the long-term financial stability, which is followed in sequence by financial management capacity, financial resources capacity, financial performance capacity, and financial activity capacity. This is due to the fact that such factors as financial solvency, financial operations, profitability, growth capacity and the ability to generate cash exert effect upon the long-term stability of the financial competitiveness.

A Study on Preconditions Setting of Long-Term Contract between Manufacturer and Component Supplier

To provide a risk-sharing mechanism that encourages a component supplier and a manufacturer to expand their production capacity of components and products, many researches on SCM suggested that it is better for the SC players to connect a long-term contract with flexible preconditions before doing the decision-making of production capacity. With considering of the uncertainty of demand and integrity problems between SC players, it is difficult to set reasonable preconditions. As a result, under-investment problems still occur frequently. In this paper, after we had discussed the decision-making of production capacity with the preconditions by analyzing the character of the players, we verified the under-investment problem of the supply chain. In order to clarify the optimum preconditions to alleviate the under-investment problem, we also analyzed the relations between preconditions and supply capacity of the whole supply chain. In the last part of this paper, we proposed a method of preconditions setting in such uncertain situations.

Present Situation and Development of Chinese Grain Food Safety

The recent outstanding issues,＂ puzzles of farmers, anxiety oflocal government and helplessness ofcentral government,＂ facing Chinese grain security, depend on the lack of national food security strategy. Therefore, we must reconstruct our national food security strategy with a cornerstone of an integrated productivity, the focus control of market regulation forces and the protection of sovereignty. By analyzing the status of integrated productivity, market regulation force and sovereign control, this essay proposes that we should change the concept from ＂ food production＂ to ＂foOd management＂, design the two systems of the interest coordination and the special safeguard, effectively improve the enthusiasm of the government＇ s undertaking work in grain-producing areas and farmers＇ farming work, firmly grasp the two initiatives of acquisition and processing of grain and operating inputs, and actively apply recommendations of the two regulators： food exports, processing and conversion.