列品、排比及其他

列品、排比，总分和组串是对联中常用的四种联格(联律)，或者说是四种常用的制联方法。四者有相通相似之处(即都是罗列事物成联)，极易混淆。那么，怎样来区分它们呢?现举例辨析如下：

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF REJECTION AFTER SIMULTANEOUS PANCREAS-KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

Objective To explore methods of preventing and reversing rejection after simultaneous pancreas-kidney （SPK） transplantation. Methods Seventeen patients underwent SPK transplantation from September 1999 to September 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Immunosuppression was achieved by a triple drug regimen consisting of cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofleil （MMF）, and steroids. Three patients were treated with anti-CD3 monoclone antibody （OKT3, 5 mg·d^-1） for induction therapy for a mean period of 5-7 days. One patients received IL-2 receptor antibodies （daclizumab） in a dose of I mg·kg^-1 on the day of transplant and the 5th day posttransplant. One patient was treated with both OKT3 and daclizumab for induction. Results No primary non-functionality of either kidney or pancreas occurred in this series of transplantations. Function of all the kidney grafts recovered within 2 to 4 days after transplantation. The level of serum creatinine was 94 ± 11 μmol/L on the 7th day posttransplant. One patient experienced the accelerated rejection, resulting in the resection of the pancreas and kidney grafts because of the failure of conservative therapy. The incidence of the first rejection episodes at 3 months was 47.1% （8/17）. Only the kidney was involved in 35.3% （6/17）; and both the pancreas and kidney were involved in 11.8% （2/17）. All these patients received a high-dose pulse of methylprednisone （0.5 g·d^-1） for 3 days. OKT3 （0.5 mg·d^-1） was administered for 7-10 days in two patients with both renal and pancreas rejection. All the grafts were successfully rescued. Conclusion Rejection, particularly acute rejection, is the major cause influencing graft function in SPK transplantation. Monitoring renal function and pancreas exocrine secretion, and reasonable application of immunosuppressants play important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of rejection.

A Distributed User Association and Resource Allocation Method in Cache-Enabled Small Cell Networks

Cache-enabled small cell networks have been regarded as a promising approach for network operators to cope with the explosive data traffic growth in future 5 G networks. However, the user association and resource allocation mechanism has not been thoroughly studied under given content placement situation. In this paper, we formulate the joint optimization problem of user association and resource allocation as a mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) problem aiming at deriving a balance between the total utility of data rates and the total data rates retrieved from caches. To solve this problem, we propose a distributed relaxing-rounding method. Simulation results demonstrate that the distributed relaxing-rounding method outperforms traditional max-SINR method and range-expansion method in terms of both total utility of data rates and total data rates retrieved from caches in practical scenarios. In addition, effects of storage and backhaul capacities on the performance are also studied.

Decoupling control and zero dynamics stabilization for shunt hybrid active power filter

An inverse system method based optimal control strategy was proposed for the shunt hybrid active power filter （SHAPF） to enhance its harmonic elimination performance. Based on the inverse system method, the d-axis and q-axis current dynamics of the SHAPF system were decoupled and linearized into two pseudolinear subsystems. Then, an optimal feedback controUer was designed for the pseudolinear system, and the stability condition of the resulting zero dynamics was presented. Under the control strategy, the current dynamics can asymptotically converge to their reference states and the zero dynamics can be bounded. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is robust against load variations and system parameter mismatches, its steady-state performance is better than that of the traditional linear control strategy.

Monte-Carlo based cascade control approach with focus on real overactuated space systems

The present research relies on a cascade control approach through the Monte-Carlo based method in the presence of uncertainties to evaluate the performance of the real overactuated space systems.A number of potential investigations in this area are first considered to prepare an idea with respect to state-of-the-art.The insight proposed here is organized to present attitude cascade control approach including the low thrust in connection with the high thrust to be implemented,while the aforementioned Monte-Carlo based method is carried out to guarantee the approach performance.It is noted that the investigated outcomes are efficient to handle a class of space systems presented via the center of mass and the moments of inertial.And also a number of profiles for the thrust vector and the misalignments as the disturbances all vary in its span of nominal variations.The acquired results are finally analyzed in line with some well-known benchmarks to verify the approach efficiency.The key core of finding in the research is to propose a novel 3-axis control approach to deal with all the mentioned uncertainties of space systems under control,in a synchronous manner,as long as the appropriate models in the low-high thrusts are realized.

A numerical error analysis method and its application on a 4RRR parallel kinematic machine

To guarantee the accuracy of error analysis and evaluate the manufacturing tolerance s influence,anumerical error analysis method for parallel kinematic machines (PKMs) is presented in this paper.Quasi-Newton method and genetic algorithm are introduced for the forward kinematic solution.Based onthe inverse and forward kinematic solutions,the end-effector s error calculation procedure is developed.To solve the accuracy problem caused by the length and angular parameters' different units,a normalizationmethod is proposed based on the manufacturing tolerance.Comparison between the error analysis resultscalculated by the traditional method and the numerical method for a 4RRR PKM shows that,this numericalerror analysis method is more accurate,simpler,and can evaluate the machine s real error basedon the manufacturing tolerance.