投入产出表实时制表法与利润最大和费用最小的实现──企业内部经营管理运行机制教据的建立和产品成本预算与核算的基本方法

本文提出的企业内部经营管理运行机制数据的建立和产品成本预算与核算的基本方法，能使企业实现以效益为中心、利润最大发展和以成本为中心、使用最小约束。该方法以形成单位最终产品的基本要素、以及相应最终产品的基本费用为依据，通过有关数学模型、到派生出企业投入产出表安时分析所需基本数据的实现一气呵成．最终产品与最终结果的关系雷同元素与物质的关系，当元素的种类和数量一旦确定以后，它们能构成什么样的物质、以及物质的数量各是多少，其基本规律不以人们的意志为转移。所形成的定量化管理体系，能对企业的经济活动、其中特别是对财务活动能进行有效的监督和控制。可以根据投入产出模型的基本理论、基本结构、经济意义和管理要求来编组各种活动，规定管理结构及人事关系，为深化企业内部改革，强化内部经营管理，以及建立相应的企业管理制度等，提供科学的理论依据。

用制表法对土进行工程分类

根据《公路工程土工试验规程》(JTJ051—93)中土的分类标准,将其中有关土的工程分类标准的条文,进行了分析、归纳和整理,制成了《土工分类表》,使土的工程分类在总体上一目了然,并就如何利用该表进行土的工程分类作了说明,易于掌握。

开尔文源格林函数数值计算方法对比研究

为了探究开尔文源格林函数的快速数值计算方法,从精度与效率两方面对其近场扰动项N和远场波动项W常用的求解算法开展对比分析。N项的计算方法主要有:制表法、切比雪夫多项式拟合法、有理函数法及改进的梯形法。W项的计算方法主要有:Bessel函数法和变量代换法。对这些算法的数值分析表明:采用切比雪夫多项式拟合法及制表法计算N项、采用"变量代换法"计算W项的精度与效率较高;两者结合计算Kelvin源格林函数的算法可用于船舶静水航行兴波流场的分析。

经济林标准收获量表的简易编制法

在发展名特优经济林商品基地中,首先要做好现有资源的调查,然后根据实际情况规划、设计和建立基地。当然,要使一个基地成功地建立起来,需要科学的行政管理和技术指导,才能使基地建设朝着预定的目标发展。关于这方面的设想,请参阅《中南林业词查规划》(刊)1988年第3期的《经济林调查设计之浅见》一文,这里不再复叙。名特优经济林基地建设也是一个系统工程,它的每一环所担负的任务都必须满足整个系统的需要,否则环节间就会出现连接不紧密,甚至脱节,直接影响目标的实现。在建设名特优经济林商品基地中。

Preparation and Characterization of a Perovskite-type Mixed Conducting SrFe0.6Cu0.3Ti0.1O3-δ Membrane for Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas

Dense membrane with the composition of SrFe0.6Cu0.3Ti0.1O3-δ （SFCTO） was prepared by solid state reaction method. Oxygen permeation flux through this membrane was investigated at operating temperature ranging from 750℃ to 950℃ and different oxygen partial pressure. XRD measurements indicated that the compound was able to form single-phased perovskite structure in which part of Fe was replaced by Cu and Ti. The oxygen desorption and the reducibility of SFCTO powder were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and temperature programmed reduction analysis, respectively. It was found that SFCTO had good structure stability under low oxygen pressure at high temperature. The addition of Ti increased the reduction temperature of Cu and Fe. Performance tests showed that the oxygen permeation flux through a 1.5 mm thick SFCTO membrane was 0.35-0.96 ml·min ^-1·cm^-2 under air/helium oxygen partial pressure gradient with activation energy of 53.2 kJ·mol^-1. The methane conversion of 85%, CO selectivity of 90% and comparatively higher oxygen permeation flux of 5 ml·min^-1·cm^- 2 were achieved at 850℃, when a SFCTO membrane reactor loaded with Ni-Ce/Al2O3 catalyst was applied for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas.

Preparation, characterization and catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts

Supported and colloidal single‐atom catalysts(SACs),which possess excellent catalytic properties,are particularly important in both fundamental studies and practical applications.The progress made in the preparation methods,characterization,catalytic performances and mechanisms of SACs anchored to metal oxides,two‐dimensional materials and the surface of metal nanoclusters(NCs)are reviewed.The different techniques for SAC fabrication,including conventional solution methods based on co‐precipitation,incipient wetness co‐impregnation,and the chemical vapor deposition method,as well as the newer atom layer deposition(ALD)and galvanic replacement methods,are summarized.The main results from experimental and theoretical studies of various catalytic reactions over SACs,including oxidation reactions,hydrogenation,water gas shift,photocatalytic H2evolution and electrochemical reactions,are also discussed.Moreover,the electronic properties of the single atoms and their interactions with the supports are described to assist in understanding the origin of the high catalytic activity and selectivity of SACs.Finally,possible future research directions of SACs and their applications are proposed.

Characterization of Ultra Fine Solids(BS) in Athabasca Bitumen

The ultra fine (<200 nm) inorganic solids (BS) were separated from bitumen which was washed by toluene and centrifugated at 2000 rpm. The result of PAS FTIR and image of TEM showed that the structure of BS particles was smiliar to that of kaolinite clay. On the surface of BS, both toluene insoluble organic matter and structural OH group are detected at the same time. The surface characteristics imparted a bi-wettable nature to the BS. As a result, the BS is able to stabilize fine water emulsion in the bitumen phase. The organic matter associated with BS is a possible factor of the fouling on catalyst and equipment.

He Jie Tang in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients

AIM： To explore the effect of He .lie Tang （decoction for medication） on serum levels of T lymphocyte subsets, NK cell activity and cytokines in chronic hepatitis B patients. METHODS： Eighty-five patients with chronic hepatitis B were divided randomly into two groups. Fifty patients in group I were treated with He .lie Tang （HIT） and 35 patients in group II were treated with combined medication. The levels of T-lymphocyte subsets （CD^3＋, CD^4＋, CD^8＋）, NK cell activity, cytokines （TNF-α, IL-8, sIL-2R） were observed before and after the treatment. Another 20 normal persons served as group 3. RESULTS： The level of CD^4＋ cells and NK cell activity were lower, whereas the level of CD^8＋ cells in patients was higher than that in normal persons （t = 2.685, 3.172, and 2.754 respectively; P〈0.01）. The levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and sIL-2R in chronic hepatitis B patients were higher than those in normal persons （t = 3.526, 3.170, and 2.876 respectively; P〈0.01）. After 6 months of treatment, ALT, AST, and TB levels in the two groups were obviously decreased （t = 3.421, 3.106, and 2.857 respectively; P〈0.01）. The level of CD^4＋ cells and NK cell activity were increased whereas the level of CD^8＋ cells decreased （t = 2.179, 2.423, and 2.677 respectively; P〈0.05） in group I. The levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and sIL- 2R in group I were decreased significantly after the treatment （t = 2.611, 2.275, and 2.480 respectively; P〈0.05） but had no significant difference in groupII after the treatment （t = 1.906, 1.833, and 2.029 respectively; P〉0.05）. The total effective rate had no significant difference between the two groups （X^2 = 2.882, P〉0.05） but the markedly effective rate was significantly different between the two groups （X^2 = 5.340, P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： HIT is effective in treating chronic hepatitis B. HIT seems to exert its effect by improving the cellular immune function and decreasing inflammatory cytokines in chronic hepatitis B patients. The function of HIT in protecting liver function in the process of eliminating virus needs to be further studied.

Rapid Preparation Process of Silver Nanoparticles by Bioreduction and Their Characterizations

Bioreduction as a novel nanoparticle synthesizing technology attracts increasing attention. Dried cells of the bacterium Aeromonas sp. SH10 rapidly reduced [Ag（NH3）2]^＋ to Ago in the solution into which some amount of OH^- was introduced. The surface plasmon resonance centered at 425 nm on the UV-vis spectra and five broad Bragg reflections on the XRD pattern showed that stable silver nanoparticles were formed during the bioreduction process. TEM and SEM observations suggested that the silver nanoparticles were uniform in size and well dispersed on the cells and in the solution. Therefore, silver nanoparticles could be prepared rapidly by this bioreduction technology.

Different profile of cytokine synthesis according to the severity of acute pancreatitis

AIM: To evaluate the cellular synthetic ability of cytokines involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions in patients with AP.METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with AP (16 severe,51 mild) and 10 controls were included in the study.Cultures of whole blood were performed in samples obtained within the first 72 h from the onset of pain.Serum levels of interleukins (IL) 6, 8, 10, and TNF-α were measured at baseline and in the supernatant of cultures with (functional reserve) or without stimulation with phytohemaglutinin.RESULTS: Basal levels of cytokines were significantly higher in patients with severe AP. A significant increase of all pro-inflammatory cytokines vs basal levels was observed in the supernatant after 24 h of whole blood cultures in patients, but not in controls. In contrast, IL-10 increased significantly in the supernatant of cultures only in patients with mild AP. Cells showed a statistically significant functional reserve for all IL in patients with mild, but only for pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with severe AP.CONCLUSION: A marked activation of immune system may be observed in patients with AP, being balanced between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with mild but not severe AP. A reduced functional reserve for the synthesis of IL-10 may be observed in patients with severe AP, which might lead to a worst prognosis.

Optimization of S-surface controller for autonomous underwater vehicle with immune-genetic algorithm

To deduce error and fussy work of manual adjustment of parameters for an S-surface controller in underwater vehicle motion control, the immune-genetic optimization of S-surface controller of an underwater vehicle was proposed. The ability of producing various antibodies for the immune algorithm, the self-adjustment of antibody density, and the antigen immune memory were used to realize the rapid convergence of S-surface controller parameters. It avoided loitering near the local peak value. Deduction of the S-surface controller was given. General process of the immune-genetic algorithm was described and immune-genetic optimization of S-surface controller parameters was discussed. Definitive results were obtained from many simulation experiments and lake experiments, which indicate that the algorithm can get good effect in optimizing the nonlinear motion controller parameters of an underwater vehicle.

Single low shear stress results in atherosclerosis in vivo

Objective: Whether single low shear stress can result in atherosclerosis without hyperliposis-diet in vivo or not is unknown. Methods: Based on an electromagnetic blood flow meter and a method to determine the pulsatile shear stress from blood flow rate waveform and its software,we developed an in vivo pulsatile blood flow rate-shear stress determining system.The left external carotid arteries of 20 adult New Zealand white rabbits were ligated and the rabbits were fed with a standard chow for 2,4,8 or 12 weeks,then the common carotid arteries of 2 sides in each rabbit were harvested for morphologic test. Results: The ligation reduced pulsatile shear stress of left common carotid significantly,for example,τ_ mean changed from(21.16±7.17) dynes/cm 2 to(3.13±2.28) dynes/cm 2(p=2.176E-21),meanwhile,the pulsatile shear stress of right common carotid did not change significantly,which lasted more than 12 weeks.Atherosclerotic plaques were found after 8 and 12 weeks in pulsatile-low-shear-stress left(not normal-shear-stress right) common carotid arteries.Conclusion:Single pulsatile low shear stress can result in atherosclerosis.It supports the pulsatile low shear stress(not hypolipidemia) is the key risk factor for atherosclerosis.

An Adsorption Kinetic Model for Sulfur Dioxide Adsorption by ZL50 Activated Carbon

A semi-empirical adsorption kinetic model was proposed with the time compensation method to describe the chemisorption of SO2 in flue gas by carbon adsorbents for flue gas purification.The change in adsorption capacity and adsorption rate with time at different water vapor concentrations and different SO2 concentrations was studied.The model was in good agreement with experimental data.The surface reaction was probably the rate controlling step in the early stage for SO2 adsorption by ZL50 activated carbon.The parameters m and n in the nth order adsorption kinetic model were related to the magnitude of the time compensation and adsorption driving force,respectively.The change of parameter n with water vapor concentrations and sulfur dioxide concentrations was studied and some physical implications were given.The sum of square errors was less than 1.0 and the average absolute percentage deviations ranged from 0.5 to 3.2.The kinetic model was compared with other models in the literature.

Ten mg dexrabeprazole daily is as effective as 20 mg dexrabeprazole daily

Ten mg dexrabeprazole daily has been shown to be more effective than 20 mg rabeprazole daily against gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This report shows that the efficacy of 10 mg dexrabeprazole daily is equivalent to that of 20 mg dexrabeprazole daily against GERD. This implies that a dose of 10 mg dexra- beprazole is sufficient to block the maximum amount of proton pumps without any need to double the dose as suggested with rabeprazole.

Recurrent acute pancreatitis:From the editor

This special issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology contains a number of articles focusing on acute recurrent pancreatitis, a clinical entity that still remains a complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in clinical practice. Recurrent bouts of pancreatitis mainly occur in a gland which shows a normal morphology of both parenchyma and pancreatico-biliary ductal system at the time of diagnosis, when standard investigation is used; however, the introduction of ultrasound endoscopy （EUS） in clinical practice allowed us to identify mild to moderate ductal and parenchymal alterations in a relevant part of these patients, suggesting a chronic process, observed either at the onset of the disease or during the follow-up period. These pancreatic abnormalities can either suggest the presence of an underlying chronic process which evolves over time with recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis or can be the consequence of multiple, selflimiting acute inflammatory episodes that induce persistent lesions within the gland with time.

Ship hull plate processing surface fairing with constraints based on B-spline

The problem of ship hull plate processing surface fairing with constraints based on B-spline is solved in this paper. The algorithm for B-spline curve fairing with constraints is one of the most common methods in plane curve fairing. The algorithm can be applied to global and local curve fairing. It can constrain the perturbation range of the control points and the shape variation of the curve, and get a better fairing result in plane curves. In this paper, a new fairing algorithm with constraints for curves and surfaces in space is presented. Then this method is applied to the experiments of ship hull plate processing surface. Finally numerical results are obtained to show the efficiency of this method.

Preparation and Characterization of Sodium Sulfate/Silica Composite as a Shape-stabilized Phase Change Material by Sol-gel Method

A sodium sulfate （NaeSO4）/silica （SiO2） composite was prepared as a shape-stabilized solid-liquid phase change material by a sol-gel procedure using Na2SiO3 as the silica source. Na2SO4 in the composite acts as a latent heat storage substance for solid-liquid phase change, while SiO2 acts as a support material to provide structural strength and prevent leakage of melted NazSO4. The microstructure and composition of the prepared composite were characterized by the N2 adsorption, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the prepared Na2SOJSiO2 composite is a nanostructured hybrid of NazSO4 and SiO2 without new substances produced during the phase change. The macroscopic shape of the NazSO4/SiO2 composite after the melting and freezing cycles does not change and there is no leakage of Na2SO4. Determined by differential scanning calorimeter （DSC） analysis, the values of phase change latent heat of melting and freezing of the prepared NazSO4/SiO2 （50%, by mass） composite are 82.3 kJ.kg i and 83.7 kJ.kg-1, and temperatures of melting and freezing are 886.0 ℃ and 880.6 ℃, respectively. Furthermore, the Na2SOJSiO2 composite maintains good thermal energy storage and release ability even after 100 cycles of melting and freezing. The satisfactory thermal storage performance renders this composite a versatile tool for high-temperature thermal energy storage.

Inhibition of genes expression of SARS coronavirus by synthetic small interfering RNAs

RNA interference (RNAi) is triggered by the presence of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and results in the silencing of homologous gene expression through the specific degradation of an mRNA containing the same sequence. dsRNAmediated RNAi can be used in a wide variety of eucaryotes to induce the sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression.Synthetic 21-23 nucleotide (nt) small interfering RNA (siRNA) with 2 nt 3' overhangs was recently found to mediate efficient sequence-specific mRNA degradation in mammalian cells. Here, we studied the effects of synthetic siRNA duplexes targeted to SARS coronavirus structural proteins E, M, and N in a cell culture system. Among total 26 siRNA duplexes, we obtained 3 siRNA duplexes which could sequence-specifically reduce target genes expression over 80％ at the concentration of 60 nM in Vero E6 cells. The downregulation effect was in correlation with the concentrations of the siRNA duplexes in a range of 0～60 nM. Our results also showed that many inactive siRNA duplexes may be brought to life simply by unpairing the 5' end of the antisense strands. Results suggest that siRNA is capable of inhibiting SARS coronavirus genes expression and thus may be a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of SARS.

Characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies against Shewanella marisflavi, a novel pathogen of Apostichopus japonicus

Shewanella marisflavi strain AP629 was certified as a novel pathogen of the sea cucumber Apostichopusjaponicus. In this study, four monoclonal antibodies （MAbs） （3C1, 3D9, 2F2, 2A8） against strain AP629 were developed by immunizing Balb/C mice. 3C1 and 3D9 recognized S. marisflavi only, showing no cross reactivity to other gram-negative bacteria, However, 2F2 and 2A8 showed cross reactivity to all tested bacteria. Indirect immunofluorescence, and immunogold electron microscopy, showed the binding antigens of 3C1 and 3D9 were located at the secretion on the surface of strain AP629. The binding antigens of 2F2 and 2A8 were noted on the membrane of the cells. MAbs 3C1 and 3D9 recognized the lipopolysaccharide fraction of strain AP629, and 2F2 and 2A8 recognized in western-blotting protein antigens with molecular weights of 113 and 128 kDa respectively. MAbs 3C1 and 3D9 have the potential for use in pathogen diagnosis, epidemiology and studies on the mechanism of how S. marisflavi infects A. japonicus. Imrnunohistochemistry with 3C1 or 3D9 identified strain AP629 in the body wall of infected A. japonicus. In the adult sea cucumbers that were infected via body wall injection, positive signals were observed at the site of skin ulceration, and at the connective tissue of the non-ulcerated body wall. In addition, some large blue-stained cells aggregated at the connective tissue colonized by large numbers of bacteria. In juveniles infected via immersion infection, positive signals were observed at the cuticle of the body wall only. Our results suggest that 3C1 and 3D9 could be used in various immunological assays to study the invasion mechanism of strain AP629 in A. japonicus, the law of bacterial colonization, proliferation in different tissues of A. japonicus, and correlation between secretion on the surface of strain AP629 and its pathogenesis to A. japonicus.

Progress in Drug Therapy for Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma remains incurable with conventional treatments.However,new active drugs,including the immunomodulatory agents,thalidomide and lenalidomide, and the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and NPI-0052,and other targeted therapies,have shown promising anti-myeloma activity.These agents represent a new generation of treatments for multiple myeloma that affect both specific intracellular signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment.This review therefore focuses on the extensive clinical data available from studies of these drugs in the treatment of newly diagnosed,refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma.