With the unique erggdicity, i rregularity, and.special ability to avoid being trapped in local optima, chaos optimization has been a novel global optimization technique and has attracted considerable attention for a...With the unique erggdicity, i rregularity, and.special ability to avoid being trapped in local optima, chaos optimization has been a novel global optimization technique and has attracted considerable attention for application in various fields, such as nonlinear programming problems. In this article, a novel neural network nonlinear predic-tive control (NNPC) strategy baseed on the new Tent-map chaos optimization algorithm (TCOA) is presented. Thefeedforward neural network'is used as the multi-step predictive model. In addition, the TCOA is applied to perform the nonlinear rolling optimization to enhance the convergence and accuracy in the NNPC. Simulation on a labora-tory-scale liquid-level system is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
An English-Chinese Dictionary ( 咭唎国译语, Ying Ji Li Guo Yi Yii) and A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary (播时都噶礼雅话, Bo Lti Duo Ga Li Ya Hua) are reckoned as the coUative dictionaries compiled by the Office of ...An English-Chinese Dictionary ( 咭唎国译语, Ying Ji Li Guo Yi Yii) and A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary (播时都噶礼雅话, Bo Lti Duo Ga Li Ya Hua) are reckoned as the coUative dictionaries compiled by the Office of Interpreters and Translators (会同四译馆, Hui Tong Si Yi Guan) in Qianlong time (1748), Qing dynasty. There is only one original manuscript of these books gathered and preserved by the Palace Museum. In the present paper, we intent to introduce the significant value and detailed information of these two official collative dictionaries from social background, process of compilation, and stylistic basis of the book. Meanwhile, we will primarily work out the phonetic principles between Canton dialect and foreign languages also indicate the dialect characteristics after clarifying the faults and errors. The present paper may supply with a rudimentary knowing and resource to the realm of "Canton English" and "Canton Portuguese", even to the social status and Chinese dialect in Canton area for certain period. Detailed and specific research, especially for A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary, still lies for future discovery.展开更多
An impeller is difficult to machine because of severe collision due to the complex shape,overlapping and twisted shape of the impeller blades.So,most computer aided manufacturing(CAM)software companies have developed ...An impeller is difficult to machine because of severe collision due to the complex shape,overlapping and twisted shape of the impeller blades.So,most computer aided manufacturing(CAM)software companies have developed CAM module for manufacturing impeller according to their CAM software.But these dedicated modules are difficult to use for inexperienced users.The purpose of this work is to develop a tool-path generation module for impellers.For this purpose,it is based on Visual Basic language and used CATIA graphical environment.The result of simulation for generated tool-path by the module is satisfactory.And it has slow processing speed compared to other commercial modules,but it is easy to use.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of constraint-induced aphasia therapy(OAT)for aphasic patients reported by randomized controlled trials.Methods:Relevant randomized controlled trials ...Objectives:This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of constraint-induced aphasia therapy(OAT)for aphasic patients reported by randomized controlled trials.Methods:Relevant randomized controlled trials were retrieved from 11 electronic databases.A methodological quality assessment was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook,and metaanalyses were performed by using RevMan 5.2.A descriptive analysis was conducted when the included trials were not suitable for a meta-analysis.Results:A total of 12 trials were included.A statistically significant group difference was shown from the meta-analysis in the results measured by the Western Aphasia Battery(random-effects model,MD=1.23,95%CI=0.31 to 2.14,P<0.01).However,there were no statistically significant differences shown in the results of the Boston Naming Test(fixed-effects model,MD=-1.79,95%CI=-11.19 to Z62,P>0.05)and Aachen Aphasia Test(fixed-effects model,MD=-1.11,95%CI=-4.49 to 2.27,P>0.05).The descriptive analysis showed positive results in language performances of naming,repetition,and comprehension.Conclusion:This systematic review indicated that CIAT was efficient for improving language performance with regard to naming,comprehension,repetition,written language,and oral language based on the current evidence.And this review provides some meaningful guides for clinical practice:expand the therapy duration to 2 or 3 h per day,focus on naming,and choose the best assessment tool.It also indicates a need for more rigorous,large-scale,and high-quality trials in the future.展开更多
Crimped ribbon flame arresters are important safety devices in the chemical industry, especially for the danger- ous situations. Although proper design of arresters by the numerical simulation method is promising, its...Crimped ribbon flame arresters are important safety devices in the chemical industry, especially for the danger- ous situations. Although proper design of arresters by the numerical simulation method is promising, its reliabil- ity and accuracy are dependent upon the mathematical model. In this work, an integrated mathematical model for the microchannel in the crimped ribbon flame attesters was set up; the fluid flow behavior and the sensitiv- ities of four chemical kinetics mechanisms of propane-air on the accuracy were analysed. It is shown that turbu- lence is predominant in the microchannel of the crimped ribbon flame arresters under the defiagration and detonation conditions, and a new quenching criterion for the numerical simulation is proposed. The kinetics mechanism of Mansouri et al. among the four ones is the most accurate due to the best agreement of the pre- dicted outlet temperature at the experimental flameproof velocity with the autoignition temperature of propane-air. The species mass fraction profiles and the temperature distribution, which are too difficult to mea- sure due to the tiny dimension of the microchannel in experiments, are captured. The fundamental insights into chemical reactions and heat loss are well portrayed. It can be concluded that the integrated mathematical model established in this work can be used as a reliable tool for modeling, selecting and designing such type of crimped ribbon flame attesters with the propane-air medium in the future.展开更多
This research studies the features of chest and abdominal breathing in Zhuang language.Two participants were recruited to record 30 news articles of Zhuang language.The chest and abdominal breathing signals as well as...This research studies the features of chest and abdominal breathing in Zhuang language.Two participants were recruited to record 30 news articles of Zhuang language.The chest and abdominal breathing signals as well as speech signal were recorded simultaneously. Programs for breathing analysis have been written to extract parameters such as breathing reset amplitude, time of inhale phase, and slope of exhale phase. The results show that the times of inhale and exhale reset of abdominal breathing are earlier than chest breathing, the breathing reset is related to prosodic boundaries展开更多
The period between 1850 and 1865 was a period of major social upheavals in American society; the major issue was the slavery. This period also witnessed the birth and organization of the Sabbatarian Adventism, a pre-m...The period between 1850 and 1865 was a period of major social upheavals in American society; the major issue was the slavery. This period also witnessed the birth and organization of the Sabbatarian Adventism, a pre-millennial Christian movement distinguished by an emphasis on the Seventh-day Sabbath and a special understanding of Bible prophecies. Most Adventist pioneers vehemently opposed slavery, although not always on the same ground as their Christian counterparts. Aided by their peculiar understanding of Bible prophecy, the early Adventists identified America with apocalyptical end-time power, slavery being the key attribute of the "beast that looks like a lamb but speaks like a dragon" from Revelation 13:11. This article investigates the development of Adventist connection between slavery, America and Bible prophecy.展开更多
Intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) has experienced a substantial increase in recent decades and many frameworks and guidelines have been issued to provide directions with regard to what constitutes "good" ICD. ...Intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) has experienced a substantial increase in recent decades and many frameworks and guidelines have been issued to provide directions with regard to what constitutes "good" ICD. Companies can use Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) to "build" their own intellectual capital (IC) reports. This digital format has both technical and operating characteristics suitable for reporting non-financial information. This paper reports the findings of a survey of the views of 37 Italian preparers on the scope, the taxonomy, and the assurance of IC reporting via XBRL. It was found that respondents favor the adoption of an IC reporting framework and the standardization of IC indicators. Preferences reveal uncertainty about the level of flexibility for tagging IC information, while supporting the main benefits of XBRL and indicating a marked inclination for tagged information certified by an independent audit. Overall, despite a low awareness of XBRL, the importance placed on standardization of IC information and on the usefulness of the comparability and the speed attribute of XBRL supports the appealing features of this language for developing IC reporting.展开更多
The aim of this essay is to provide an analysis of the Euripides' "Phoenician Women" in terms of mourning. The author intends to set a parallel between the ancient tragedy and its modern adaptation staged by one of...The aim of this essay is to provide an analysis of the Euripides' "Phoenician Women" in terms of mourning. The author intends to set a parallel between the ancient tragedy and its modern adaptation staged by one of the most prominent Polish directors Krzysztof Warlikowski. In the essay, the author will discuss how suffering is depicted in the ancient drama and what changes of mourning motif are introduced into its modern performance. The author will examine the literary as well as the (modern) theatrical topos of grief by analyzing the poetics of tragedy (dramatic structure, metaphors of death, dramatis personae, funeral vocabularium, function of laments) and the poetics of performance (stage design, costumes and props, funerary symbolism, acting, directing solutions). The purpose of the paper is to argue against the insignificance of Euripides' drama and the marginalization of Warlikowski's "Phoenician Women." Finally, the author will attempt to indicate the mourning motif as one of the essential and attractive for the ancient tragic plot and the modern performance as well展开更多
This paper introduces a solution to the secure requirement for digital rights management (DRM) by the way of geospacial access control named geospacial access control (GeoAC) in geospacial field. The issues of aut...This paper introduces a solution to the secure requirement for digital rights management (DRM) by the way of geospacial access control named geospacial access control (GeoAC) in geospacial field. The issues of authorization for geospacial DRM are concentrated on. To geospacial DRM, one aspect is the declaration and enforcement of access rights, based on geographic aspects. To the approbation of digital geographic content, it is important to adopt online access to geodata through a special data infrastructure (SDI). This results in the interoperability requirements on three different levels: data model level, service level and access control level. The interaction between the data model and service level can be obtained by criterions of the open geospacial consortium (OGC), and the interaction of the access control level may be reached by declaring and enforcing access restrictions in GeoAC. Then an archetype enforcement based on GeoAC is elucidated. As one aspect of performing usage rights, the execution of access restrictions as an extension to a regular SDI is illuminated.展开更多
It has been proven that ICT (information and communication technologies) affect the teaching and learning of a language, be it positive or negative. One of the examples of ICT that is used to enhance learners' crea...It has been proven that ICT (information and communication technologies) affect the teaching and learning of a language, be it positive or negative. One of the examples of ICT that is used to enhance learners' creativity is the use of video. Although the use of ICT is encouraged in the learning and teaching of a language, it is still minimally applied in UMS (University Malaysia Sabah), especially in the teaching and learning of a language. In this study, video-making is used as one of the assessments to measure learners' proficiency in the target language, which in this case, the Spanish Language. The video-making project was found to be able to improve learners' communication skills and knowledge building capabilities, as well as enhances learners' interest in the learning of the Spanish Language. It is found that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, nature of the course, lecturers' positive support as well as students' positive determination to obtain good grades are among the factors contributing to the students' positive performance in the Spanish Language.展开更多
A suitable pH value of the slurry is a key to efficient mineral flotation. Considering the control delay problem of pH value caused by offline pH measurement, an integrated prediction model for pH value in bauxite fro...A suitable pH value of the slurry is a key to efficient mineral flotation. Considering the control delay problem of pH value caused by offline pH measurement, an integrated prediction model for pH value in bauxite froth flotation is proposed, which considers the effect of ore compositions on pH value. Firstly, a regression model is obtained for alkali(Na_2CO_3) consumed by the reaction between ore and alkali. According to the first-order hydrolysis of the remaining alkali, a mechanism-based prediction model is presented for the pH value. Then, considering the complexity of the flotation mechanism, an error prediction model which uses time series of the error of the mechanism model as inputs is presented based on autoregressive moving average(ARMA) method to compensate the mechanism model. Finally, expert rules are established to correct the error compensation direction, which could reflect the dynamic changes during the process accurately and effectively. Simulation results using industrial data show that the presented model meets the needs of the industrial process, which laid the foundation for predictive control of pH regulator.展开更多
The idempotent semirings Rmax and Rmin play a crucial role in several areas of mathematics and their applications such as discrete mathematics, algebraic geometry, computer science, computer languages, linguistic prob...The idempotent semirings Rmax and Rmin play a crucial role in several areas of mathematics and their applications such as discrete mathematics, algebraic geometry, computer science, computer languages, linguistic problems, optimization theory, discrete event systems, fuzzy logics. In this paper we consider the expansion of the semirings Rmax and Rmin with residuals and describe how to use these expended semirings in public key cryptography.展开更多
The study, conducted in the academic year 2008, explores the potential differences in the use of a dictionary in support of a standard writing task by two student groups at two different proficiency levels. Fifty seve...The study, conducted in the academic year 2008, explores the potential differences in the use of a dictionary in support of a standard writing task by two student groups at two different proficiency levels. Fifty seven students working on a real classroom assignment were observed; in order to make sure that the subjects behaved as they normally would, they had not been informed that their dictionary behavior was to be observed. The study which shows that the need for a dictionary is smaller in the case of more advanced students may be of interest to those foreign language teachers who fear that giving a student an unlimited access to a dictionary may hamper the development of his expressive abilities. In turn, a marked preference on the part of more advanced students for an L I-L2, paralleled by a sustained interest in information categories typically placed in foreign learner's dictionaries suggests that advanced language learners writing in English would probably opt for a lexicographic product combining the best of both dictionary types: an LI-L2 and an MLD.展开更多
The expert system is a high-level technology.It is a sub-field of artificial intelligence.We demonstrated the character and software evaluation,carrying out an initial study of expert system.A good development expert ...The expert system is a high-level technology.It is a sub-field of artificial intelligence.We demonstrated the character and software evaluation,carrying out an initial study of expert system.A good development expert system was developed.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60374037, No.60574036), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (NCET), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No.20050055013), .and the 0pening Project Foundation of National Lab of Industrial Control Technology (No.0708008).
文摘With the unique erggdicity, i rregularity, and.special ability to avoid being trapped in local optima, chaos optimization has been a novel global optimization technique and has attracted considerable attention for application in various fields, such as nonlinear programming problems. In this article, a novel neural network nonlinear predic-tive control (NNPC) strategy baseed on the new Tent-map chaos optimization algorithm (TCOA) is presented. Thefeedforward neural network'is used as the multi-step predictive model. In addition, the TCOA is applied to perform the nonlinear rolling optimization to enhance the convergence and accuracy in the NNPC. Simulation on a labora-tory-scale liquid-level system is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘An English-Chinese Dictionary ( 咭唎国译语, Ying Ji Li Guo Yi Yii) and A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary (播时都噶礼雅话, Bo Lti Duo Ga Li Ya Hua) are reckoned as the coUative dictionaries compiled by the Office of Interpreters and Translators (会同四译馆, Hui Tong Si Yi Guan) in Qianlong time (1748), Qing dynasty. There is only one original manuscript of these books gathered and preserved by the Palace Museum. In the present paper, we intent to introduce the significant value and detailed information of these two official collative dictionaries from social background, process of compilation, and stylistic basis of the book. Meanwhile, we will primarily work out the phonetic principles between Canton dialect and foreign languages also indicate the dialect characteristics after clarifying the faults and errors. The present paper may supply with a rudimentary knowing and resource to the realm of "Canton English" and "Canton Portuguese", even to the social status and Chinese dialect in Canton area for certain period. Detailed and specific research, especially for A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary, still lies for future discovery.
基金Project supported by the Second Stage of Brain Korea 21 Projects
文摘An impeller is difficult to machine because of severe collision due to the complex shape,overlapping and twisted shape of the impeller blades.So,most computer aided manufacturing(CAM)software companies have developed CAM module for manufacturing impeller according to their CAM software.But these dedicated modules are difficult to use for inexperienced users.The purpose of this work is to develop a tool-path generation module for impellers.For this purpose,it is based on Visual Basic language and used CATIA graphical environment.The result of simulation for generated tool-path by the module is satisfactory.And it has slow processing speed compared to other commercial modules,but it is easy to use.
基金This study received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of constraint-induced aphasia therapy(OAT)for aphasic patients reported by randomized controlled trials.Methods:Relevant randomized controlled trials were retrieved from 11 electronic databases.A methodological quality assessment was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook,and metaanalyses were performed by using RevMan 5.2.A descriptive analysis was conducted when the included trials were not suitable for a meta-analysis.Results:A total of 12 trials were included.A statistically significant group difference was shown from the meta-analysis in the results measured by the Western Aphasia Battery(random-effects model,MD=1.23,95%CI=0.31 to 2.14,P<0.01).However,there were no statistically significant differences shown in the results of the Boston Naming Test(fixed-effects model,MD=-1.79,95%CI=-11.19 to Z62,P>0.05)and Aachen Aphasia Test(fixed-effects model,MD=-1.11,95%CI=-4.49 to 2.27,P>0.05).The descriptive analysis showed positive results in language performances of naming,repetition,and comprehension.Conclusion:This systematic review indicated that CIAT was efficient for improving language performance with regard to naming,comprehension,repetition,written language,and oral language based on the current evidence.And this review provides some meaningful guides for clinical practice:expand the therapy duration to 2 or 3 h per day,focus on naming,and choose the best assessment tool.It also indicates a need for more rigorous,large-scale,and high-quality trials in the future.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0301701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21706268+4 种基金9143411421376254)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Qingdao Municipal Government(Y7330419DM)the Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(YZ201641)State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals of China
文摘Crimped ribbon flame arresters are important safety devices in the chemical industry, especially for the danger- ous situations. Although proper design of arresters by the numerical simulation method is promising, its reliabil- ity and accuracy are dependent upon the mathematical model. In this work, an integrated mathematical model for the microchannel in the crimped ribbon flame attesters was set up; the fluid flow behavior and the sensitiv- ities of four chemical kinetics mechanisms of propane-air on the accuracy were analysed. It is shown that turbu- lence is predominant in the microchannel of the crimped ribbon flame arresters under the defiagration and detonation conditions, and a new quenching criterion for the numerical simulation is proposed. The kinetics mechanism of Mansouri et al. among the four ones is the most accurate due to the best agreement of the pre- dicted outlet temperature at the experimental flameproof velocity with the autoignition temperature of propane-air. The species mass fraction profiles and the temperature distribution, which are too difficult to mea- sure due to the tiny dimension of the microchannel in experiments, are captured. The fundamental insights into chemical reactions and heat loss are well portrayed. It can be concluded that the integrated mathematical model established in this work can be used as a reliable tool for modeling, selecting and designing such type of crimped ribbon flame attesters with the propane-air medium in the future.
文摘This research studies the features of chest and abdominal breathing in Zhuang language.Two participants were recruited to record 30 news articles of Zhuang language.The chest and abdominal breathing signals as well as speech signal were recorded simultaneously. Programs for breathing analysis have been written to extract parameters such as breathing reset amplitude, time of inhale phase, and slope of exhale phase. The results show that the times of inhale and exhale reset of abdominal breathing are earlier than chest breathing, the breathing reset is related to prosodic boundaries
文摘The period between 1850 and 1865 was a period of major social upheavals in American society; the major issue was the slavery. This period also witnessed the birth and organization of the Sabbatarian Adventism, a pre-millennial Christian movement distinguished by an emphasis on the Seventh-day Sabbath and a special understanding of Bible prophecies. Most Adventist pioneers vehemently opposed slavery, although not always on the same ground as their Christian counterparts. Aided by their peculiar understanding of Bible prophecy, the early Adventists identified America with apocalyptical end-time power, slavery being the key attribute of the "beast that looks like a lamb but speaks like a dragon" from Revelation 13:11. This article investigates the development of Adventist connection between slavery, America and Bible prophecy.
文摘Intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) has experienced a substantial increase in recent decades and many frameworks and guidelines have been issued to provide directions with regard to what constitutes "good" ICD. Companies can use Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) to "build" their own intellectual capital (IC) reports. This digital format has both technical and operating characteristics suitable for reporting non-financial information. This paper reports the findings of a survey of the views of 37 Italian preparers on the scope, the taxonomy, and the assurance of IC reporting via XBRL. It was found that respondents favor the adoption of an IC reporting framework and the standardization of IC indicators. Preferences reveal uncertainty about the level of flexibility for tagging IC information, while supporting the main benefits of XBRL and indicating a marked inclination for tagged information certified by an independent audit. Overall, despite a low awareness of XBRL, the importance placed on standardization of IC information and on the usefulness of the comparability and the speed attribute of XBRL supports the appealing features of this language for developing IC reporting.
文摘The aim of this essay is to provide an analysis of the Euripides' "Phoenician Women" in terms of mourning. The author intends to set a parallel between the ancient tragedy and its modern adaptation staged by one of the most prominent Polish directors Krzysztof Warlikowski. In the essay, the author will discuss how suffering is depicted in the ancient drama and what changes of mourning motif are introduced into its modern performance. The author will examine the literary as well as the (modern) theatrical topos of grief by analyzing the poetics of tragedy (dramatic structure, metaphors of death, dramatis personae, funeral vocabularium, function of laments) and the poetics of performance (stage design, costumes and props, funerary symbolism, acting, directing solutions). The purpose of the paper is to argue against the insignificance of Euripides' drama and the marginalization of Warlikowski's "Phoenician Women." Finally, the author will attempt to indicate the mourning motif as one of the essential and attractive for the ancient tragic plot and the modern performance as well
基金Funded by the Large-Scale Security SoC Project of Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau of China (No. 20061005119).
文摘This paper introduces a solution to the secure requirement for digital rights management (DRM) by the way of geospacial access control named geospacial access control (GeoAC) in geospacial field. The issues of authorization for geospacial DRM are concentrated on. To geospacial DRM, one aspect is the declaration and enforcement of access rights, based on geographic aspects. To the approbation of digital geographic content, it is important to adopt online access to geodata through a special data infrastructure (SDI). This results in the interoperability requirements on three different levels: data model level, service level and access control level. The interaction between the data model and service level can be obtained by criterions of the open geospacial consortium (OGC), and the interaction of the access control level may be reached by declaring and enforcing access restrictions in GeoAC. Then an archetype enforcement based on GeoAC is elucidated. As one aspect of performing usage rights, the execution of access restrictions as an extension to a regular SDI is illuminated.
文摘It has been proven that ICT (information and communication technologies) affect the teaching and learning of a language, be it positive or negative. One of the examples of ICT that is used to enhance learners' creativity is the use of video. Although the use of ICT is encouraged in the learning and teaching of a language, it is still minimally applied in UMS (University Malaysia Sabah), especially in the teaching and learning of a language. In this study, video-making is used as one of the assessments to measure learners' proficiency in the target language, which in this case, the Spanish Language. The video-making project was found to be able to improve learners' communication skills and knowledge building capabilities, as well as enhances learners' interest in the learning of the Spanish Language. It is found that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, nature of the course, lecturers' positive support as well as students' positive determination to obtain good grades are among the factors contributing to the students' positive performance in the Spanish Language.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61673401)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61621062)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(2016zzts343)
文摘A suitable pH value of the slurry is a key to efficient mineral flotation. Considering the control delay problem of pH value caused by offline pH measurement, an integrated prediction model for pH value in bauxite froth flotation is proposed, which considers the effect of ore compositions on pH value. Firstly, a regression model is obtained for alkali(Na_2CO_3) consumed by the reaction between ore and alkali. According to the first-order hydrolysis of the remaining alkali, a mechanism-based prediction model is presented for the pH value. Then, considering the complexity of the flotation mechanism, an error prediction model which uses time series of the error of the mechanism model as inputs is presented based on autoregressive moving average(ARMA) method to compensate the mechanism model. Finally, expert rules are established to correct the error compensation direction, which could reflect the dynamic changes during the process accurately and effectively. Simulation results using industrial data show that the presented model meets the needs of the industrial process, which laid the foundation for predictive control of pH regulator.
文摘The idempotent semirings Rmax and Rmin play a crucial role in several areas of mathematics and their applications such as discrete mathematics, algebraic geometry, computer science, computer languages, linguistic problems, optimization theory, discrete event systems, fuzzy logics. In this paper we consider the expansion of the semirings Rmax and Rmin with residuals and describe how to use these expended semirings in public key cryptography.
文摘The study, conducted in the academic year 2008, explores the potential differences in the use of a dictionary in support of a standard writing task by two student groups at two different proficiency levels. Fifty seven students working on a real classroom assignment were observed; in order to make sure that the subjects behaved as they normally would, they had not been informed that their dictionary behavior was to be observed. The study which shows that the need for a dictionary is smaller in the case of more advanced students may be of interest to those foreign language teachers who fear that giving a student an unlimited access to a dictionary may hamper the development of his expressive abilities. In turn, a marked preference on the part of more advanced students for an L I-L2, paralleled by a sustained interest in information categories typically placed in foreign learner's dictionaries suggests that advanced language learners writing in English would probably opt for a lexicographic product combining the best of both dictionary types: an LI-L2 and an MLD.
文摘The expert system is a high-level technology.It is a sub-field of artificial intelligence.We demonstrated the character and software evaluation,carrying out an initial study of expert system.A good development expert system was developed.