整体化复合材料结构制造工艺力学及实验研究进展

整体化复合材料结构在未来轨道交通装备领域中具有重要的应用前景。文章主要介绍轨道交通装备中整体化复合材料结构的制造技术特点、工艺力学及固化变形测试技术。首先,介绍了整体化复合材料结构的优点及其轨道交通装备中典型的整体化复合材料结构;其次,总结了整体化复合材料结构固化变形及残余应力的研究进展;最后,介绍了整体化复合材料结构变形测试的非接触光学技术及其应用。为未来轨道交通装备整体化复合材料结构的制造工艺力学设计及评价提供科学基础。

Comparison of microstructures and mechanical properties between forging and rolling processes for commercially pure titanium

In order to reveal the differences caused by forging and rolling process for titanium ingots, hot compression behavior, mechanical properties and the microstructures of forged billets and rolled ones were investigated in detail using Gleeble-1500 thermal mechanical simulator, universal testing machine and optical microscope （OM）. The compression deformation experimental data of commercially pure titanium （CP-Ti） were mapped to be a T vs lg diagram in which data fall into three distinct regions, i.e., three-stage work hardening, two-stage work hardening and flow softening, which can be separated by border lines at 17.5 and 15.4 for lg Z, where Z represents the Zener-Hollomon parameter. The deformation twin is found to have higher Z-value corresponding to the work hardening region. The differences in microstructures and mechanical properties for two kinds of billets indicate that forged billet consists of deformation twins and some twin intersections, and many twins cross the grain boundaries. However, nearly no twins can be seen in the microstructure of billet formed by rolling under optical microscope （OM）, but there are equiaxed and platelike grains. Tensile tests and Vickers hardness test indicate that yield strength, tensile strength and microhardness of the samples after forging are higher than those after rolling.

高性能航空复合材料结构的关键力学问题研究进展

复合材料具备基于多种材料有机融合后所产生的“1+1>2”的优势,是实现航空飞行器结构轻量化、功能化与智能化的有效途径。然而,由于复合材料高各向异性、结构多尺度化等方面的特征,导致设计、制造及表征评价等方面都存在诸多问题与挑战。高性能复合材料结构在航空装备中的发展是一个涉及力学、材料、机械、控制等多学科融合的交叉性问题。本文针对其中涉及的若干关键力学问题,重点围绕近年来国内外在航空复合材料结构力学设计与性能评估、功能化设计以及制造工艺力学等3个方面的研究进展进行了概述,并对未来航空复合材料结构在这3方面的发展趋势进行了展望。