吞噬反抗与权利克减:平台不稳定劳动者的双重困境

平台众包工作并非完全是经济发展的必然结果,在相当程度上是资本的有意为之。平台算法权力下的“不稳定劳动者”遭遇了不同困境:线下零工劳动者面临着集体性对抗策略、对抗行动被消解的境况,隐藏在人工智能和自动化背后的幽灵工作者则面临着权利、待遇与保障被削减的困境。平台劳动者利用地缘、业缘等结成各类非正式团体,利用各类规则的罅隙在制度上“打洞”,但结果是:劳动者的抗争被平台悄然化解的同时,也被隐秘地转化为平台大脑升级的助推力量。以幽灵工作为代表的新型平台工作,消解了传统劳动关系,规避了法律上的义务,平台从雇主转变为匹配劳、资双方的服务方;同时,人机合作环路中的去人性化深化了劳动者的自我控制。通过对两类数字平台劳动运行机制的分析,可知平台工作者陷入了自我耗竭的僵化循环,平台不稳定劳动者的自我雇佣加剧了资本对劳动者的规训,成为数字平台时代劳动异化的新范式。

Fabrication of chitosan microspheres for efficient adsorption of methyl orange

In this article, morphology, structure and size controllable chitosan microspheres with high mechanical strength were synthesized by microfluidic technology combining chemical crosslinking and used as an adsorbent for methyl orange. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDS). The effect of pH revealed that the adsorption process depended on pH and the pH variation of methyl orange solution after adsorption indicated that adsorption capacity was affected through the associated role of chitosan nature and pH variation. Experimental results suggested that the as-prepared chitosan microspheres were controlled within a narrow size distribution(coefficients of variation is 1.81%), whose adsorption capacity reached to 207 mg·g^(-1) and mechanical strength was suitable to resist forces. In addition, the adsorption isotherm was well fitted with the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetic was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The high performance microfluidic-synthesized chitosan microspheres have promising potentials in the applications of removing dyes from wastewater.

Influence of sway motion on passive anti-rolling tank

The passive anti-rolling tank is one of important ship stabilizers widely used today. But at present, research of the tank is most aimed at its rolling movement. In this paper, the influence of sway motion on the passive anti-rolling tank is considered, the mathematical model of ＂ship-passive antl-rolling tank＂ system coupled with sway motion is developed basing on the U-shaped passive anti-rolling tank theory. Both simulation results and experimental data indicate that it is necessary to consider the influence of sway motion on the anti-rolling tank, which is more agreeable to the actual circumstance.

Implementation of Autofocus in Alignment System for Layered Imprint Fabrication

Autofocus method based on the analysis of image content information is investigated to reduce the alignment error resulting from mark positioning uncertainty due to defocus in microstructure layered fabrication process based on multilevel imprint lithography. The applicability of several autofocus functions to the alignment mark images is evaluated concerning their uniformity, sharpness near peak, reliability and measure computation efficiency and the most suitable one based on power spectrum in frequency domain (PSFD) is adopted. To solve the problem of too much computation amount needed in PSFD algorithm, the strategy of interested region detection and effective image reconstruction is proposed and the algorithm efficiency is improved. The test results show that the computation time is reduced from 0.316 s to 0.023 s under the same conditions while the other merits of the function are preserved, which indicates that the modified algorithm can meet the mark image autofocusing requirements in response time, accuracy and robustness. The alignment error due to defocus which is about 0.5 μm indicated by experimental results can be reduced or eliminated by the autofocusing implementation.

Numerical modeling and analysis of plasmonic flying head for rotary near-field lithography technology

Rotary near-field lithography(RNFL) technology provides a route to overcome the diffraction limit with a high throughput and low cost for nanomanufacturing. Utilizing the advantage of the passive flying of a plasmonic head, RNFL can achieve a 10 m/s processing speed with a perfect near-field condition at dozens of nanometers. The flying performance of the plasmonic flying head(PFH) is the pivotal issue in the system. The linewidth has a strong correlation with the near-field gap, and the manufacturing uniformity is directly influenced by the dynamic performance. A more serious issue is that the unexpected contact between the PFH and substrate will result in system failure. Therefore, it is important to model and analyze the flying process of the PFH at the system level. In this study, a novel full-coupled suspension-PFH-air-substrate(SPAS) model that integrates a six-degree of freedom suspension-PFH dynamics, PFH-air-substrate air bearing lubrication, and substrate vibration, is established. The pressure distribution of the air bearing is governed by the molecular gas lubrication equation that is solved by the finite element method(FEM) with a local pressure gradient based adaptive mesh refinement algorithm using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. Based on this model, three designs of the air bearing surface are chosen to study the static, dynamic, and load/unload performance to verify whether it satisfies the design requirements of RNFL. Finally, a PFH analysis solver SKLY.app is developed based on the proposed model.