熔盐制钠电解槽电场的数值模拟

利用有限元软件ANSYS具有的多重单元、多重属性的特点,建立了四阳极熔盐制钠电解槽的电极及熔体整体三维电场数学模型。对电解槽不同极间距的电场进行了数值模拟,得出了电解槽的电位及电流密度分布规律,模拟结果与现场极间距0.206m的生产电解槽比较吻合,可为熔盐制钠电解槽优化设计提供参考。

制钠电解炉用防渗料的研制与使用

通过对国外样品的剖析,选择合适的材料与添加剂研制的制钠电解炉用防渗材料具有较强的抵抗钠盐渗 透的能力,能减少电极区的渗漏,经试用可替代进口材料。

熔盐电解制钠工艺

本文简介了盐法制钠的工艺过程和主体设备，为精制盐产品进行深加工提供了有益的途径。

我国制钠工业现状及市场预测

钠是地球上分布最广的元素之一,其重量约占地壳重量的2.36％。金属钠的应用范围很广,这主要基于它的化学性质活泼、熔点低、沸点高及其良好的导热、导电性等一系列特点。钠可制成铅钠合金,用于汽油抗爆剂四甲基铅或四乙基铅的生产。冶金工业中用金属钠作还原剂,制取钛、锆、钽等金属,用钠量增长很快。钠用作铸铁造铝——硅合金的变质剂,使其晶体内的硅变成细小的纤维结构,从而提高合金的强度和塑性。在化学工业中,钠用于制造氰化钠、三苯磷(TPP)、硼氢化钠、叠氮化钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、过氧化钠。

制粒丁酸钠对蛋鸭产蛋性能、肠道组织形态及菌群的影响

试验旨在研究制粒丁酸钠对蛋鸭产蛋性能、肠道组织形态及菌群的影响。试验选用120只48周龄体重与产蛋率相近的蛋鸭分为2组:对照组(C组)饲喂基础日粮,制粒丁酸钠组(GSB组)在基础日粮中添加500 mg/kg制粒丁酸钠。每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸭,试验期60 d。结果显示:制粒丁酸钠组蛋鸭产蛋率、平均日采食量、蛋重和料蛋比与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),与对照组相比,制粒丁酸钠组蛋鸭十二指肠绒毛高度显著增加(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著减少(P<0.05),绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比显著增加(P<0.01)。盲肠菌群多样性结果显示,制粒丁酸钠组蛋鸭盲肠菌群的Chao1指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);制粒丁酸钠组蛋鸭盲肠菌群的Good's coverage指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,制粒丁酸钠组蛋鸭盲肠拟杆菌门丰度显著降低(P<0.05),变形菌门和放线菌门丰度显著提高(P<0.01),制粒丁酸钠组蛋鸭盲肠普雷沃菌属显著降低(P<0.01),栖粪杆菌属丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。通过LEfSe分析发现对照组中主要的差异菌群为拟杆菌门、拟杆菌纲、拟杆菌目、拟杆菌属和拟杆菌科(P<0.05),制粒丁酸钠组中主要的差异菌群为变形菌门、放线菌门和栖粪杆菌属等(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加500 mg/kg制粒丁酸钠可以改善蛋鸭肠道组织形态,提高蛋鸭盲肠菌群丰富度,增加有益菌群丰度并减少致病菌的定植,从而促进蛋鸭肠道健康。

以青春扬激情 以奉献促和谐——记兰太实业公司制钠二厂团支部

兰太实业公司制钠二厂团支部是一个年轻有战斗力的青年集体,是一支爱学习、能吃苦、思想进步,充满了青春活力的队伍,这支队伍现有员工698人,其中长期合同工480人,短期合同工168人,劳务派遣工13人,劳务工37人.其中40岁以下青年员工有415人,占总人数的59%.

The preparation and properties of N-doped carbon materials and their use for sodium storage

Defect engineering by heteroatom doping gives carbon materials some new characteristics such as a different electronic structure and a high electrochemical activity,making them suitable for high-performance applications.N-doping has been widely investigated because of its similar atom radius to carbon,high electronegativity as well as many different configurations.We summarize the preparation methods and properties of N-doped carbon materials,and discuss their possible use in sodium ion storage.The relationships between N content/configuration and crystallinity,electronic conductivity,wettability,chemical reactivity as well as sodium ion storage performance are discussed.

Influence of sodium 2,3-dihydroxypropyl dithiocarbonate on floatability of chalcopyrite and galena

Sodium 2,3-dihydroxypropyl dithiocarbonate（SGX）, which contains —OH and —CSS— in the molecule, was used to explore selective depression of galena from chalcopyrite in the flotation tests with ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate（DDTP）, and zeta potential and adsorption measurements were performed to study the interaction between SGX and minerals. The flotation tests of single minerals show that SGX has slight activation on chalcopyrite and strong depression on galena in the whole p H range. With SGX dosage increasing, the recovery of galena decreases rapidly, while that of chalcopyrite increases slightly. At p H=6, the copper grade and recovery of concentrate are 29.52% and 82.15% respectively when mixture of two minerals is tested. Zeta potential and adsorption measurements indicate that SGX has strong adsorption on galena and slight adsorption on chalcopyrite.

35kV变配电站接地网改造

制钠二厂地网已投用10 a左右,并且土质成份复杂,地网腐蚀严重、大多数有断链现象,在2006年制钠二厂扩建时,当时设计新配电室安装在主地网上面,由于现场施工原因,有部分接地网被破坏。地网电阻值有可能下降,分析确定接地电阻目标值,结合制钠二厂的实际情况,重新设计接地网。

Effect of Enzymes in Buccal Mucous Membrane on Buccal Absorption of Insulin

To evaluate the effect of proteolytic enzymes on the absorption of insulin in the buccal mucosa, the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) method was used to estimate the degradation of insulin under different conditions in the buccal mucosal homogenates. In vivo experiments estimating the enhancement of hypoglycaemic effect by enzyme inhibitors were also conducted. The results showed that proteolytic enzymes in the buccal mucosa were less active than in the intestine. Bacitracin, aprotinin and sodium deoxycholate could inhibit the degradation of insulin in the buccal mucosal homogenates. The degradation of insulin in buccal mucosal homogenates of normal hamsters was smaller than that of diabetic hamsters. In vivo experiments of hypoglycaemia supported the in vitro results. When given buccally, bacitracin, aprotinin and sodium deoxycholate could increase the relative pharmacological bioavailability of insulin. When co-administered with aprotinin(0.1%), bacitracin(0.5%) and sodium deoxycholate(5%), the relative pharmacological bioavailabilities of insulin were 4.84%, 6.60% and 14.95% respectively. The in vitro and in vivo results suggest that proteolytic enzymes are present in the buccal mucosa, which limit absorption of insulin. Co-administration with some enzyme inhibitors can improve the bioavailability of insulin via buccal delivery and sodium deoxycholte is more efficient than some enzyme inhibitors used for improving buccal absorption.

垂体及间脑-垂体系统疾病

9920305 Wegener 肉芽肿病合并SIADH(抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征1例)[日]/玉木//日胸疾会志.-1997,35(6).-712 冀医情9920306 疑为神经性多饮症,限制钠而改善的抗利尿激素分泌不全1例[日]/管原英世//心身医学.-1997,37(8).-607冀医情9920307

Mechanism of sodium sulfide on flotation of cyanide-depressed pyrite

The mechanism of sodium sulfide(Na2S)on the flotation of cyanide-depressed pyrite using potassium amyl xanthate(PAX)as collector was investigated by flotation test and electrochemical measurements.The flotation results show that both PAX and Na2S can promote the flotation recovery of cyanide-depressed pyrite and their combination can further improve the pyrite flotation recovery.Electrochemical measurements show that PAX and Na2S interacted with cyanide-depressed pyrite through different mechanisms.PAX competed with cyanide and was adsorbed on the pyrite surface in the form of dixanthogen,thus enhancing the hydrophobicity and flotation of cyanide-depressed pyrite.Unlike PAX,Na2S rendered the pyrite surface hydrophobic through the reduction of ferricyanide species and the formation of elemental sulfur S0 and polysulfide Sn2-.The combined application of PAX and Na2S induced superior pyrite flotation recovery because of a synergistic effect between PAX and Na2S.

Effects of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride on calcite depression in cationic flotation of pyrolusite

In the cationic flotation of pyrolusite using dodecyl ammine(DDA),the depressive effect of sodium carbonate andcalcium chloride on the calcite mineral was investigated systematically through flotation experiments,FTIR analysis,contact anglemeasurements and zeta potential tests.The microflotation experiments showed that both depressant agents decrease the flotationrecovery of calcite significantly.In addition,sodium carbonate acts as activator agent for pyrolusite,and increases its floatability.Theflotation experiments and contact angle measurements indicated that the selective depression effect of sodium carbonate on thecalcite mineral is more than that of calcium chloride.As evidenced by zeta potential and FT-IR analysis,sodium carbonate decreasesthe negative charges on the surface of calcite mineral and subsequently reduces the adsorption of DDA collector through electrostaticforces.At a pH of7.5,using2000g/t DDA and1500g/t sodium carbonate,a pyrolusite concentrate containing almost40%MnOwith71.5%recovery is achieved by carrying out the ore flotation experiments on the tabling pre-concentrate.

Depressing behaviors and mechanism of disodium bis(carboxymethyl) trithiocarbonate on separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite

This work focuses on the organic depressant,disodium bis(carboxymethyl)trithiocarbonate(DBT),as a selectivedepressant in copper?molybdenum sulfide flotation separation.Micro-flotation,Zeta potential,FTIR and XPS measurements werecarried out to investigate the selective depression mechanism of DBT on chalcopyrite.Zeta potential and FTIR measurementsrevealed that DBT had higher affinity for chalcopyrite than molybdenite and the XPS results of chalcopyrite before and aftertreatment with DBT further proved that DBT adsorbed on chalcopyrite surface.The investigation indicates that the mechanism ofDBT adsorbing on chalcopyrite is mainly physical adsorption.Locked circuit experiments were carried out and the results showedthat DBT could be considered as a cleaner option in commercial Cu?Mo flotation separation circuits.

Template growth mechanism of spherical Ni(OH)_2

The microstructures and growth process characteristics precipitation-crystallization method were investigated by SEM, TEM of spherical Ni（OH）2 particles synthesized by the aqueous and XRD, and their growth mechanism was discussed. With the reaction beginning and continuing, amorphous Ni（OH）2 nano-crystallites grow up to spherical micron-particles with radially arranged crystallites. The nucleation, crystallization and re-crystallization led by Ostwald ripening simultaneously take place through the whole growth processes. With the course from reversible aggregation to irreversible agglomeration, the Ni（OH）2 particles tend to grow according to the template growth model： the growth on the crystallite templates stretching in the radius directions is free and quick, while the growth rate for crystallites in other directions is confined due to lower monomers concentration and tends to dissolve So it is only the radially arranged crystallites that predominate in the particle and lead to characteristic microstructures.

Kinetic Model and Simulation of Promoted Selective Non-catalytic Reduction by Sodium Carbonate

Abstract The detailed kinetic model of selective non-catalytic reduction （SNCR） of nitric oxide, including so-dium species reactions, was deyeloped on the basis of recent studies on thermal DeNOx mechanism, NOxOUTmechanism and promotion mechanism of Na2CO3. The model was validated by comparison with several experi-mental findings, thus providing an effective tool for the primary and promoted SNCR process simulation. Experimental and simulated results show part-per-million level of sodium carbonate enhances NO removal efficiency andextend the effective SNCR temperature range in comparison with use of a nitrogen agent alone. The kinetic modeling, sensitivity and rate-of-production analysis suggest that the performance improvement can be explained as ho-mogeneous sodium species reactions producing more reactive OH radicals. The net result of sodium species reac-tions is conversion of H2O and inactive HO2 radicals into reactive OH radicals, i.e. H2O＋HO2=3OH, which enhances the SNCR performance of nitrogen agents by mainly increasing the production rate of NH2 radicals. More-over, N2O and CO are eliminated diversely via the reactions Na＋N20=NaO＋N2, NaO＋CO=Na＋CO2 andNaO2＋CO =NaO＋CO2, in.the pro.moted SNCR process, especially in the NOxOUT process.

Synthesis and electrochemical behavior of monolayer-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) for capacitive deionization

MXene materials have got great attention from researchers of environmental treatment for the great electrochemical performance.Monolayer-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(T_(x) is the surface terminal groups such as-O,-OH and/or-F species),as a typical structural MXene,always shows better chemical-physical characteristics than multilayer-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).Thus,we prepared monolayer-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) electrode by HF etching method and absolute ethyl alcohol intercalationdelamination treatment for capacitive deionization(CDI).The prepared monolay-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) shows a higher specific surface area(235.6 m^(2)/g)and a thinner thickness(0.8 nm).Moreover,a series of systematic investigation demonstrated that monolayer-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) has obvious promotional phenomenon on electrochemical properties(e.g.,mass specific capacitance increased from 52.1 F/g to 144.7 F/g).The NaCl adsorption capacity of monolayer-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),is 30.7 mg/g in 1000 mg/L NaCl solution at 1.2 V.We concluded that the electro-sorption mechanism could be expressed as double electric layer and monolayer coverage by a good fitting of Langmuir isotherms and the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation.This work would provide a new strategy for the application of monolayer-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) material in wastewater treatment in the future.

A Novel Membrane Prepared from Sodium Alginate Cross-linked with Sodium Tartrate for CO2 Capture

The membrane-based CO2 separation process has an advantage compared to traditional CO2 separation technologies. The membrane is the key of the membrane separation process. In this paper, preparation, characterization and laboratory testing of the membrane, which was prepared from sodium alginate, hydrogen bond cross-linked with sodium tartrate and used for CO2/N2 separation, were reported. The resistance to SO2 of the membrane was also investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the membrane possesses a high resistance to SO2.Finally,based on experimental results, the economic feasibility of the membrane used for CO2/N2 separation was evaluated,indicating the two-stage membrane process can compete with the traditional chemical absorption method.

Alginate controls heartburn in patients with erosive and nonerosive reflux disease

AIM:To evaluate the effect of a novel alginate-based compound,Faringel,in modifying reflux characteristics and controlling symptoms.METHODS:In this prospective,open-label study,40 patients reporting heartburn and regurgitation with proven reflux disease(i.e.,positive impedance-pH test/evidence of erosive esophagitis at upper endoscopy) underwent 2 h impedance-pH testing after eating a refluxogenic meal.They were studied for 1 h under basal conditions and 1 h after taking 10 mL Faringel.In both sessions,measurements were obtained in right lateral and supine decubitus positions.Patients also completed a validated questionnaire consisting of a 2-item 5-point(0-4) Likert scale and a 10-cm visual analogue scale(VAS) in order to evaluate the efficacy of Faringel in symptom relief.Tolerability of the treatment was assessed using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from very good(1) to very poor(6).RESULTS:Faringel decreased significantly(P < 0.001),in both the right lateral and supine decubitus positions,esophageal acid exposure time [median 10(25th75th percentil 6-16) vs 5.8(4-10) and 16(11-19) vs 7.5(5-11),respectively] and acid refluxes [5(3-8) vs 1(1-1) and 6(4-8) vs 2(1-2),respectively],but increased significantly(P < 0.01) the number of nonacid reflux events compared with baseline [2(1-3)vs 3(2-5) and 3(2-4) vs 6(3-8),respectively].Percentage of proximal migration decreased in both decubitus positions(60% vs 32% and 64% vs 35%,respectively;P < 0.001).Faringel was significantly effective in controlling heartburn,based on both the Likert scale [3.1(range 1-4) vs 0.9(0-2);P < 0.001] and VAS score [7.1(3-9.8) vs 2(0.1-4.8);P < 0.001],but it had less success against regurgitation,based on both the Likert scale [2.6(1-4) vs 2.2(1-4);P = not significant(NS)] and VAS score [5.6(2-9.6) vs 3.9(1-8.8);P = NS].Overall,the tolerability of Faringel was very good 5(2-6),with only two patients reporting modest adverse events(i.e.,nausea and bloating).CONCLUSION:Our findings demonstrate that Faringel is well-tolerated and effective in reducing heartburn by modifying esophageal acid exposure time,number of acid refluxes and their proximal migration.

EVALUATION OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF DIACEREIN IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN CHINESE PATIENTS

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of diacerein in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods A total of 223 patients satisfying the American College of Rheumatology criteria for knee OA were chosen for this 17-week, randomized, double-dummy, diclofenac sodium-controlled trial, with diacerein dosage of 100 mg/d and diclofenac sodium of 75mg/d. Efficacy and safety of both drugs were evaluated. Results Totally 106 patients in the diacerein group and 107 patients in the diclofenac group were considered qualified for the evaluation. After 12 weeks of treatment, the total effective rates of patients/physicians’ overall assessment in diacerein and diclofenac groups were 65.4%/61.6% and 61.2%/61.2%, respectively (P>0.05). The primary efficacy parameter [visual analog scale (VAS) assessment of pain on 20 metres walking] and the secondary efficacy parameters [tenderness on palpation, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and 36-item Short-Form (SF-36) Health Survey] significantly improved compared with baseline in both groups (P<0.05). In the follow-up period, there were no obvious changes in above parameters in diacerein group. However, in diclofenac group, pain on 20 metres walking, tenderness on palpation, and WOMAC became aggravated after withdrawing the drug for 4 weeks (P<0.05). Moreover, the consumption of paracetamol was significantly lower in diacerein group than in diclofenac group during follow-up (P<0.001). The incidences of related adverse events were 35.7% in diacerein and 45.1% in diclofenac group, respectively. Mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal disorders were the most frequent adverse events. Conclusions Diacerein is as effective as diclofenac sodium in treating patients with knee OA. Furthermore, it has better extended effect and a good safety profile. It is generally well tolerated and has no severe adverse effect.