日本制面新技术发展动向(三)

六日本面条用小麦粉的现状与发展面条和面包是日本人的两大主食。1935年日本全国面条用小麦粉的总产量为24.5万吨。近几十年来,日本的面条生产有了很大发展,1996年日本面条用小麦粉的总产量已达到172.2万吨。由于原料品质、制作技术的改善和提高, 使日本面条技术不断创新,不断以新的面貌出现,赢得了年青消费群的喜好,确立了面条成为日本人两大主食之一的牢固地位。(一)澳大利亚小麦在日本制面业的应用小麦粉因使用方法不同而能发挥其各种特性,是一种魅力无穷的原材料。它的品质很难用简单的数值来表示。

波纹成型制面技术的研究——新食面生产线科技创新点之三

21世纪随着人类生命质量的不断改善与提高，人们对生活质量的要求越来越高．方便面的作用已不仅仅限于充饥，“营养、卫生、美食、健康、方便”是消费者对方便面的新要求。也就是说，人们不仅要求方便面营养健康质量高．而且要求方便面面饼外观美丽漂亮。这是对新时期制面成型技术提出的新课题。

上下往复干燥制面技术的研究——新食面生产线科技创新点之四

众所周知，在制面过程中，干燥是技术性最强的工序，与产品最终质量有着极为重要的关系。圣昂达机械（天津）有限公司研发的新食面生产线在挤压非膨化制面技术、两次挤压制面技术、波纹成型制面技术的研究，取得自主性创新成果的基础上，公司的科技攻关小组。在王绍雄总经理的带领下，积极地进行上下往复干燥技术的研究。

两次挤压制面技术的研究——新食面生产线科技创新点之二

自1958年日本推出第一包方便面至今．已有49年的历史。49年中无论是国内的方便面生产线，还是国外的方便面生产线．始终是跟踪和模仿日本方便面的生产模式．以小麦为原料，采用压延方式加工制作油炸方便面。而传统油炸小麦方便面因油炸带来的负面作用及营养不全面的问题．已引起人们的高度重视。要实现”非油炸”五谷全粮制面．达到面种结构多样化、营养丰富化，就要有替代它的新技术。但是我国小麦普遍存在面筋含量低．而杂粮不合面筋或面筋含量更低，这是非油炸全粮制面遇到的又一难关。在挤压非膨化技术研发成功的基础上．圣昂达机械（天津）有限公司总经理王绍雄先生带领科技人员创新思维．吸收国内外传统制面中的工艺精华．勇敢地向世界空白的两次挤压制面技术领域进军．大胆地进行两次挤压制面技术的研究。

中国制面术概述

本文概述了中国制面技术中拉伸、擀压、挤压三种方法及面条品种和制作工艺。

基于GMPLS的故障管理技术探讨

通用多协议标签交换技术是一种优秀的控制面技术,它在路由、信令、链路管理和故障管理等方面都具有鲜明的特点和优势。本文首先介绍了通用多协议标签交换的基本概念,然后从故障检测和定位、保护和恢复技术、研究进展和发展趋势等方面对基于GMPLS的故障管理技术进行深入的讨论和分析。

A Definition Formalism of Machining Features for DFM

Benefiting from advances in feature technology for design and manufacture can not be expected before a formal methodology is established. This paper makes attempt to establish a definition formalism of machining features in design for manufacturability from two aspects: formal definition and manufacturability analysis. Some definitions for machining feature based upon the selection and sequencing of material removal operations for component in accordance with the design geometry are presented and a framework of feature based design for manufacturability is outlined correspondingly. The proposed scheme contributes to several aspects of feature based CAD/CAM integration, especially to encourage potentially a more generic approach to the automation of design.

战略创新是方便面产业出路

最近，今麦郎直面的广告，引起了业内不少的争议，有人认为：今麦郎弹面的概念已经深入消费者的心智当中，现在又诉求直面，有什么价值？姑且不论今麦郎弹面效应，但“直面“的实质是方便面制面技术的又一次升级，与其说今麦郎是在向行业和消费者对直面进行诉求，不如说今麦郎在告诉整个行业和消费者，他已经拥有了直面的制造技术。

Fabrication and Simulation of an Electromagnetic Microrelay

The fabrication and simulation of an electromagnetic microrelay are presented based on micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) technique.The microrelay dimensions of about 4mm×4mm×0 5mm are fabricated with the common technique of micromachining.Compared with the traditional relays,a planar coil is substituted for a solenoid coil to favor the MEMS fabrication.Moreover,a bi supporter cantilever beam with high sensitivity is fabricated to act as the movable electrode of the microrelay.Theoretical calculations and simulations are also carried out with respect to the electromagnetic force yielded by the exciting electromagnetic coil.The structure and parameters concerning the electromagnetic microrelay can be optimized using the results.

SDN Orchestration for Dynamic End-to-End Control of Data Center Multi-Domain Optical Networking

New and emerging use cases, such as the interconnection of geographically distributed data centers(DCs), are drawing attention to the requirement for dynamic end-to-end service provisioning, spanning multiple and heterogeneous optical network domains. This heterogeneity is, not only due to the diverse data transmission and switching technologies, but also due to the different options of control plane techniques. In light of this, the problem of heterogeneous control plane interworking needs to be solved, and in particular, the solution must address the specific issues of multi-domain networks, such as limited domain topology visibility, given the scalability and confidentiality constraints. In this article, some of the recent activities regarding the Software-Defined Networking(SDN) orchestration are reviewed to address such a multi-domain control plane interworking problem. Specifically, three different models, including the single SDN controller model, multiple SDN controllers in mesh, and multiple SDN controllers in a hierarchical setting, are presented for the DC interconnection network with multiple SDN/Open Flow domains or multiple Open Flow/Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching( GMPLS) heterogeneous domains. I n addition, two concrete implementations of the orchestration architectures are detailed, showing the overall feasibility and procedures of SDN orchestration for the end-to-endservice provisioning in multi-domain data center optical networks.

Intelligent Control Plane Techniques for Next Generation Optical Switching Networks

For the next generation optical switching networks, the intelligent control plane is a key enabling technique. In this paper, we review our recent research activities related to Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) and Open Flow-based control planes for both Wave length Switched Optical Networks (WSON) and Elastic Optical Networks (EON).

Analysis and key control technologies to prevent spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines

In order to prevent spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines in China, we have analyzed the characteristics of spontaneous coal combustion and explain theoretically the factors affecting spontaneous coal combustion, such as rock bursts, high temperatures, high ventilation resistance, slow advancing speed and large obliquity mining. Key technologies to prevent spontaneous combustion occurring in sharply inclined seams in deep mines are pro- posed; these include pouring water, stopping leakage in upper and lower comers of the working face, choking off the goaf and cov- eting the coal. CO concentrations were controlled within two years to less than 15×10^-6 at the upper comer by applying these tech- nologies at the 1410 working face of the Huafeng coal mine. Our method has significant theoretical value and is of practical impor- tance in controlling spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines.

Material flow control technology of ironmaking and steelmaking interface

In order to achieve higher efficient cohesion match of procedure and equipment between ironmaking and steelmaking interface, the theory of multi-dimensional material flow control was applied to analyze torpedo ladle-iron ladle transportation process between blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace. Moreover, basic parameters of material flow were analyzed and optimized, such as time, temperature and material quantity. Based on operating principles of material flow, control methods were optimized, such as product organization mode, scheduling discipline and scheduling plan of hot metal ladle. Finally, the material flow control technology of ironmaking and steelmaking interface was integrated. Satisfactory effects are obtained after applying the technology in practice. The total turnover number of torpedo ladle decreases from 20 to 18, the hot metal temperature of 1# BF torpedo ladle decreases from 36 °C to 19.5 °C, the hot metal temperature of 2# BF torpedo ladle decreases from 36.6 °C to 19.8 °C, the temperature drop of desulfurization hot metal decreases by 4 °C, and the temperature drop of non-desulfurization hot metal decreases by 2.8 °C. Furthermore, the ironmaking and steelmaking interface system will realize high-efficiency control by using this control technology.

Failure mechanism and control technology of longwall coalface in large-cutting-height mining method

The stability control of longwall coalface is the key technology of large-cutting-height mining method.Therefore,a systematic study of the factors that affect coalface stability and its control technology is required in the development of large-cutting-height mining method in China. After the practical field observation and years of study,it was found that the more than 95% of failures in coalface are shear failure. The shear failure analysis model of coalface has been established,that can perform systematic study among factors such as mining height,coal mass strength,roof load,support resistance,and face flipper protecting plate horizontal force. Meanwhile,sensitivity analysis of factors influencing coalface stability showed that improving support capacity,cohesion of coal mass and decreasing roof load of coalface are the key to improve coalface stability. Numerical simulation of the factors affecting coalface stability has been performed using UDEC software and the results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. The coalface reinforcement technology of large-cutting-height mining method using the grouting combined with coir rope is presented. Laboratory tests have been carried out to verify its reinforcement effect and practical application has been implemented in several coal mines with good results.It has now become the main technology to reduce longwall coalface failure of large-cutting-height mining method.

Expert S-surface control for autonomous underwater vehicles

S-surface control has proven to be an effective means for motion control of underwater autonomous vehicles(AUV).However there are still problems maintaining steady precision of course due to the constant need to adjust parameters,especially where there are disturbing currents.Thus an intelligent integral was introduced to improve precision.An expert S-surface control was developed to tune the parameters on-line,based on the expert system,it provides S-surface control according to practical experience and control knowledge.To prevent control output over-compensation,a fuzzy neural network was included to adjust the production rules to the knowledge base.Experiments were conducted on an AUV simulation platform,and the results show that the expert S-surface controller performs better than an S-surface controller in environments with currents,producing good steady precision of course in a robust way.

Improvement of surface corrosion resistance for magnesium alloy by combining thermal spray and cast-infiltration

The present work focuses on a new method combining cast-infiltration with thermal spraying technology to improve the surface corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy.A zinc-based alloy layer was fabricated on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy. The microstructure of the layer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The phase constituent of these alloys was identified by X-ray diffractometry(XRD).The analysis results reveal that a zinc-based alloy layer with a thickness of 700μm can form on the surface of AZ91 alloy matrix.The layer is composed of Mg7Zn3,MgZn and a small amount of α-Mg solid solution.The results indicate that the corrosion-resistance of the specimen with a zinc-based alloy layer is much better than that of the specimen without the layer after being immersed in 5%NaCl solution for 240 h, and the layer is more protective for the AZ91 alloy.

Prevention and control of coalfield fire technology:A case study in the Antaibao Open Pit Mine goaf burning area,China

It is very difficult to clearly detect the location of a burning area in a coal mine since it is hidden underground.So we conducted research on the distribution of the burning area before controlling it.Firstly,the original drilling technique was used to analyze and determine the loose and scope of caving of burning area through field test,and then obtained the gases and the temperature data in this area were according to the borehole data.By analyzing these data,we found out that the location of burning area concentrated in the loose and caving area;and finally,the location and development of the burning area within the tested area were accurately determined.Based on this theory,we used the ground penetrating radar(GPR) to find out the loose and caving scale in the burning area during the control process of the burning area,and then located the fire-extinguishing boreholes within target which we used to control burning fire in the section.A mobile comprehensive fire prevention and extinguishing system based on the three-phase foam fire prevention and control technique was then adopted and conducted in the burning area which took only 9 months to extinguish the 227,000 m 2 of burning area of 9# coal.This control technology and experience will provide a very important reference to the control of other coalfield fire and hillock fire in the future.

Mg alloy surface alloying layer fabricated through evaporative pattern casting technology

The influencing factors of surface alloying layer by evaporative pattern casting technology were investigated.A certain thickness alloying layer was formed on the surface of Mg-alloy matrix when the pouring temperature was 780°C with different vacuum degree and alloying powder size.The surface layer microstructure,micro area composition of the new phase formed on the matrix and the composition characteristics on the surface layer were examined by SEM and element scanning.The results show that the content of aluminum increases greatly on the surface layer.The micro-hardness of alloyed layer has a more obvious increase compared with that of the matrix.The size of alloying element and the vacuum degree are the key factors influencing the alloying layer,with the increase of element powder size from 0.074 to 0.15 mm and vacuum degree from 0.04 to 0.06 MPa,the surface alloying effect becomes better.

Response Surface Optimization for Process Parameters of LiFePO_4/C Preparation by Carbothermal Reduction Technology

A statistically based optimization strategy is used to optimize the carbothermal reduction technology for the synthesis of LiFePO4/C using LiOH,FePO4 and sucrose as raw materials.The experimental data for fitting the response are collected by the central composite rotatable design(CCD).A second order model for the discharge ca-pacity of LiFePO4/C is expressed as a function of sintering temperature,sintering time and carbon content.The ef-fects of individual variables and their interactions are studied by a statistical analysis(ANOVA).The results show that the linear effects and the quadratic effects of sintering temperature,carbon content and the interactions among these variables are statistically significant,while those effects of sintering time are insignificant.Response surface plots for spatial representation of the model illustrate that the discharge capacity depends on sintering temperature and carbon content more than sintering time.The model obtained gives the optimized reaction parameters of sinter-ing temperature at 652.0 ℃,carbon content of 34.33 g?mol-1 and 8.48 h sintering time,corresponding to a dis-charge capacity of 150.8 mA·h·g-1.The confirmatory test with these optimum parameters gives the discharge ca-pacity of 147.2 and 105.1 mA·h·g-1 at 0.5 and 5 C,respectively.