什么阻碍了新疆经济的发展

什么阻碍了新疆经济的发展一流设备却只能造二三流产品４月２５日（光明日报）发表记者郑晋鸣的文章说，香港一位企业家对新疆企业进行了一番考察深有感触：新温许多企业的设备都是一流的，但是生产出的产品却是二流、甚至三流的。这是为什么？他认为．关键是＂人＂，应该...

STUDY OF REENGINEERING THE STOCK EQUITY STRUCTURE IN CHINESE STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE REFORM

In this paper,it is first briefly described the basic situation and current policies of state owned enterprise reform in China.Then the major issues in the reform process are identified,the possible solutions in terms of reengineering stock equity structure and state share circulation are discussed,and finally some suggestions are made for the further state owned enterprise reform.Basing on the theory on the modern corporation system,relevant experiences of market economy nations and the practice of Chinese enterprise system reform.The approaches to determine the proportion of state share in the future corporations are proposed.Since the public ownership is not ideologically appropriate,the establishment of social security fund and mutual fund investment companies are suggested as new and acceptable pattern of public ownership.It is believed that these companies will be the major institutional shareholders in the future corporations.Their stock equity structure would mainly consist of institutional shareholders,which will be both consistent with international norms of modern corporations and with socialist public ownership with Chinese characteristics.

Mechanism of realizing industrial structure upgrading through technology-driven regional innovation capacity

Based on the analysis of the formation process of regional innovation capacity, this paper expatiates that the technology is the basis for industrial structure upgrading, while technological innovation is the power of regional innovation capacity. It points out that the essential of regional industrial structure upgrading is the transition of regional technology structure from one balance to another. The mechanism of realizing industrial structure upgrading through technology-driven regional innovation capacity is also discussed briefly.

A Novel Approach to Clean Tanning Technology

Traditional chrome tanning technology is still widely used today. In this technology, chrome shaving as well as chrome contained effluent in tanning and retanning processes is a big issue in the industry. Wet white tanning technology has been gaining in importance in recent years, but in general, the comprehensive performance of chrome-free tanned leather is not comparable with that of chrome tanned leather. In the present work, chrome-free tanning and chrome tanning are combined in a reversed procedure, which produces leather with chrome tanned leather quality without chrome tanned leather waste problems. In this procedure, a special amphoteric organic compound, no pickle, no salt chrome-free tanning agent TWT was used to tan delimed hides （no pickle） making wet white with shrinking temperature at 80-85 ~C. Then, new method called reversed tanning further process the wet white into chrome-tanned crust. In this reversed method, retanning, fatliquoring and coloring processes were carried out before chrome tanning. This technology eliminates chrome waste issue in tanning, shaving, post tanning processes. The chrome contained effluent is only concentrated in the last chrome tanning process. The leather made with this technology has complete conventional chrome-tanned leather quality. In this way, chrome leather quality without chrome waste problems was achieved. So, it is a new clean tanning technology.

Livelihood Strategy Change and Land Use Change——Case of Danzam Village in Upper Dadu River Watershed,Tibetan Plateau of China

Land use change in rural China since the 1980s, induced by institution reforms, urbanization, industrialization and population increase, has received more attention. However, case studies on how institution reforms affect farmers＇ livelihood strategies and drive land use change are scarce. By means of cropland plots investigations and interviews with farmers, this study examines livelihood strategy change and land use change in Danzam Village of Jinchuan County in the upper Dadu River watershed, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. The results show that, during the collective system period, as surplus labor forces could not be transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, they had to choose agricultural involution as their livelihood strategy, then the farmers had to produce more grains by land reclamation, increasing multiple cropping index, improving input of labor, fertilizer, pesticide and adopting advanced agricultural techniques. During the household responsibility system period, as labors being transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, farmers chose livelihood diversification strategy. Therefore, labor input to grain planting was greatly reduced, which drove the transformation of grain to horticulture, vegetable or wasteland and decrease of multiple cropping index. This study provides a new insight into understanding linkages among institution reforms, livelihood strategy of smallholders and land use change in rural China.

Study of China＇s pension merger issues

The merger of the pension not only in relation to the social justice, but also the relationship between the construction of social security system, pensions merger is beyond doubt. Pension dual track the biggest drawback is that a significant loss of fairness, the gap between different groups of pension is too wide, causing social conflicts. The merger of the pension has be imperative. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and perfect the system of the civil service pension insurance legal mandatory occupational pension system, strengthen the basic social pension, broaden the channels for pension investment, reform organs and institutions pension system and pension system Retbrm and civil service pay rise, in order to promote the reform of the civil service pension system. The merger of the pension reform is scientific and reasonable, healthy and orderly and can achieve a smooth transition.

Real Interest Rates,Real Wages and Economic Restructuring—Analysis Based on Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium(DSGE)

On the basis of research conducted by Long and Plosser(1983),this paper carries out an in-depth analysis on the relationship between real interest rates,real wage,and macro-economy and economic structure by simulating a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model and comes to the following conclusions:(1) Increasing the level of real interest rates will expand the share of consumption in GDP,improve the macroeconomic structure,and promote steady economic development;(2) Increasing the level of real wages will enhance economic growth but will not change the economic structure of consumption and investments;(3) Increasing wages will enhance economic growth and expand its share in national income;(4) Increasing wages will not lower output level but will be favorable to the improvement of economic structure.Therefore,this paper argues for interest rates liberalization to achieve long-term,steady economic development in China.

Analysis on the Strategies of Enterprises to Implement Financial Management

Along with the continuous development of China＇s reform and opening-up to the outside world, the market mechanism is constantly improved and developed. In the fiercely competitive market environment, the market risk can be avoided with enterprise financial management. In this paper, the problems in the current situation of enterprise financial management are introduced, and also improvement measures are proposed according to the problems.

Analysis of China＇s Oil and Gas Policies in 2016

Guided by President Xi Jinping's key speech about energy revolution— "Four Revolutions and One Cooperation"-the Chinese oil and gas industry continued to accelerate its pace of reform in 2016.China has deepened its supply-side structural reforms,prevented and resolved the problem of excess production capacity,increased the effective supply of clean energy such as natural gas,and formed an energy innovation system.It has pushed forward the reform of pricing mechanisms with significant adjustments in the pricing mechanisms of oil products,pipeline transportation,gas storage and gas used for fertilizer production.It has also accelerated market access reform and encouraged various investors to enter into the fields of exploration & production,pipeline transportation and crude oil imports.China has sped up the legislative process of environmental protection to promote green and low-carbon development.It has accelerated oil & gas industry institutional reform,with some provinces initiating the pilot reform of oil and gas.

Structural Reform Holds the Key to Reducing Social Financing Cost

In the last couple of years, social financing costs have shot up in China despite an overall capital abundance and increasing market-based capital allocation. This paper has investigated overall financial cost and capital cost ratio as two measurements of financing cost, compared financing costs of different channels, examined the relationship of risk premium, financial repression, interest rate liberalization, and resource occupation versus financing cost, and addressed the problem of high non-manufacturing cost. On such a basis, specific countermeasures have been proposed. The main conclusion of this paper is： The current high social financing costs primarily result from economic structural imbalance. The fundamental solution lies in continuing structural reform and credibility system development to eliminate barriers in the transmission of capital circulation policies such as expanding equity financing, relaxing market access formalities for small and micro financial institutions, and improving the bankruptcy system to give full play to the ＂survival of the fittest＂ mechanism of the market.

China＇s Approach to Its Exchange Rate Mechanism： Adaptability of BBC Rules

China＇s recent declaration of principles on its exchange rate mechanism has made it very clear that any move should be on China＇s own initiative; such a move should be sustainable and under control. China has adopted gradualism in the exchange rate reform process. On July 21st, 2005, China changed Renminbi （RMB） pariy （appreciation） by 2 percent, signaling the exchange market reform process. This paper is to study the past history of the crawling-peg of RMB on the US dollar with a view of its future reform. The flexibility provided by the crawling-peg still fits well with China＇s status quo. However, the flexible mechanism should follow the trend of China＇s economic development with well-timed parity changes. The extent of the fluctuation band rests upon China＇s ability to maintain its currency stability to counter future speculation and shocks. Only when the market mechanism is restored in China can an equilibrium RMB exchange rate be reached.