林禽刺螨广东新兴株的鉴定及cox1基因序列分析

为给广东新兴地区林禽刺螨的分类鉴别提供参考依据和进一步研究种内系统发生关系,试验采集广东省新兴县车岗镇、水台镇和簕竹镇3个镇鸡养殖场流行的疑似林禽刺螨进行电镜形态学观察,并基于cox1基因进行分子生物学鉴定及其遗传多态性分析。结果显示:新兴县3个镇鸡养殖场均流行鸡林禽刺螨,获得的14条鸡林禽刺螨cox1基因片段大小均为560 bp,有2个位点缺失突变,共检测到552个保守位点和6个变异位点,定义了3种单倍型(Hap-1~Hap-3);总群体单倍型指数为0.385,遗传多样性不高(π=0.00319);扩增的3个地理种群与鸡林禽刺螨瑞典株OS1、中国株WB31聚为同一分支,具有99.5%以上相似性;3个地理种群大小并未经历过明显种群扩张。研究表明,鸡林禽刺螨种群虽有一定程度的遗传分化,但未形成明显的地理谱系结构。研究结果为进一步研究林禽刺螨种内系统发生关系奠定了基础。

龙里县刺梨低效林改造原因分析及对策建议

龙里县野生刺梨分布较广,近年来,随着刺梨种植规模不断扩大和刺梨产业发展,刺梨低效林问题凸显,本文主要分析龙里县刺梨低效林现状、原因、改造的目的和意义,提出改造对策措施。

皂荚刺用林果园化高效集约栽培技术

皂荚是我国特有的苏木科皂荚属树种,以干燥的刺入药,有较高的药用价值和经济价值。为规范皂荚刺用林种植技术,在进行皂荚刺用林的果园化高效集约栽培技术试验示范的基础上,从园地选择、栽植技术、土肥水管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治、采刺6个方面总结了皂荚刺用林果园化高效集约栽培技术,以期为皂荚种植户提供参考。

河南省部分地区蛋鸡场螨虫的种类鉴定

为了解河南地区鸡螨虫病中的常见感染种类,试验采集了河南10个地区阳性蛋鸡场样品,采用形态学鉴定及基于鸡皮刺螨的18 S rRNA基因序列进行PCR扩增。结果显示:新乡市、开封市、平顶山市等8个地区采集8个阳性鸡场的样品虫体呈椭圆形,前端有长的口器,后部稍宽,肛板呈圆三角形,符合鸡皮刺螨的形态特征;在新乡市原阳县和周口市商水县白寺镇采集2个阳性鸡场样品虫体细长,整体小于鸡皮刺螨,肛板位于腹部末端,呈泪滴状,符合林禽刺螨形态特征;河南地区流行的鸡皮刺螨与日本LC034951.1基因序列相似性达100%,林禽刺螨和法国的FN646503.1基因序列相似性达98.72%。表明鸡皮刺螨和林禽刺螨已经在河南省蛋鸡中出现感染和分布。

The runoff characteristics and harmonic analysis of the soil moisture dynamics in Robinia pseudoacacia stand

Robinia pseudoacacia stands act as a typical ecological protection forest in hilly semi-arid area of China. Two fields of surface runoff were separately set up in R. pseudoacacia stand and its clearcut area in the western Liaoning Province (1850-12225 E, 4024-4234 N) for measuring the characteristics of runoff and sediment as well as soil moisture dynamics. Contractive analysis of the two land types showed that there existed a significant difference in volumes of runoff and sediment between the sites of R. pseudoacacia stand and its clearcut area. The runoff volume and sediment volume in clearcut area were much bigger than those in R. pseudoacacia stand, with an increase amount of 40%-177% for runoff and 180%-400% for sediment. Hydrograph of surface runoff of typical rainfall showed that the peak value of runoff in R. pseudoacacia stand was decreased by 1.0-2.5?0-3m3s-1 compared with that in its clearcut area, and the occurring time of peak value of runoff in R. pseudoacacia stand was 10-20 min later than that in its clearcut area. Harmonic analysis of soil moisture dynamics indicated that the soil moisture in R. pseudoacacia stand was 2.3 % higher than that in clearcut area, and the soil moisture both in R. pseudoacacia stand and its clearcut area could be divided into dry season and humid season and varied periodically with annual rainfall precipitation. It was concluded that R. pseudoacacia stand plays a very important role in storing water, increasing soil moisture, and reducing surface runoff and soil erosion.

角落里的那朵花

清晨起床,看到阳台满身带刺的仙人球旁边,静静地开着一朵小花.清爽的晨风轻轻地拂动那小小的花朵,送来阵阵芬芳.那细长的花枝已不再柔弱,它轻盈地扭动着纤细而充满韧性的身体,在自上而下的长长短短的刺林旁轻摇慢摆,迎着微风翩翩起舞.

Age-related Changes of Carbon Accumulation and Allocation in Plants and Soil of Black Locust Forest on Loess Plateau in Ansai County, Shaanxi Province of China

The effects of reforestation on carbon （C） sequestration in China＇s Loess Plateau ecosystem have attracted much research attention in recent years. Black locust trees （Robinia pseudoacacia L.） are valued for their important use in reforestation and water and soil conservation efforts. This forest type is widespread across the Loess Plateau, and must he an essential component of any planning for C sequestration efforts in this fragile ecological region. The long-term effects of stand age on C accumulation and allocation after reforestation remains uncertain. We examined an age-sequence of black locust forest （5, 9, 20, 30, 38, and 56 yr since planting） on the Loess Plateau to evaluate C accumulation and allocation in plants （trees, shrubs, herbages, and leaf litter） and soil （0-100 cm）. Allometric equations were developed for estimating the biomass of tree components （leaf, branch, stem without bark, bark and root） with a de- structive sampling method. Our results demonstrated that black locust forest ecosystem accumulated C constantly, from 31.42 Mg C/ha （1 Mg = 106 g） at 5 yr to 79.44 Mg C/haat 38 yr. At the ＇old forest＇ stage （38 to 56 yr）, the amount of C in plant biomass significantly decreased （from 45.32 to 34.52 Mg C/ha） due to the high mortality of trees. However, old forest was able to accumulate C continuously in soil （from 33.66 to 41.00 Mg C/ha）. The C in shrub biomass increased with stand age, while the C stock in the herbage layer and leaf litter was age-independent. Reforestation resulted in C re-allocation in the forest soil. The topsoil （0-20 cm） C stock increased constantly with stand age. However, C storage in sub-top soil, in the 20-30, 30-50, 50-100, and 20-100 cm layers, was age-independent. These results suggest that succession, as a temporal factor, plays a key role in C accumulation and re-allocation in black locust forests and also in regional C dynamics in vegetation.

Soil Carbon Stock and Flux in Plantation Forest and Grassland Ecosystems in Loess Plateau, China

Carbon sequestration occurs when cultivated soils are re-vegetated. In the hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China, black locust （Robinia pseudoacacia） plantation forest and grassland were the two main vegetation types used to mitigate soil and water loss after cultivation abandonment. The purpose of this study was to compare the soil carbon stock and flux of these two types of vegetation which restored for 25 years. The experiment was conducted in Yangjuangou catchment in Yah＇an City, Shaanxi Province, China. Two adjacent slopes were chosen for this study. Six sample sites were spaced every 35-45 m from summit to toe slope along the hill slope, and each sample site contained three sampling plots. Soil organic carbon and related physicochemical properties in the surface soil layer （0-10 cm and 10-20 cm） were measured based on soil sampling and laboratory analysis, and the soil carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions and environmental factors were measured in the same sample sites simultaneously. Results indicated that in general, a higher soil carbon stock was found in the black locust plantation forest than that in grassland throughout the hill slope. Meanwhile, significant differences in the soil carbon stock were observed between these two vegetation types in the upper slope at soil depth 0-10 cm and lower slope at soil depth 10-20 cm. The average daily values of the soil CO2 emissions were 1.27 μmol/（m2·s） and 1.39 μmol/（m2·s） for forest and grassland, respectively. The soil carbon flux in forest covered areas was higher in spring and less variation was detected between different seasons, while the highest carbon flux was found in grassland in summer, which was about three times higher than that in autumn and spring. From the carbon sequestration point of view, black locust plantation forest on hill slopes might be better than grassland because of a higher soil carbon stock and lower carbon flux.

Management of black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stands in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) was the first forest tree species to be imported from North America to Europe at the beginning of the 17th century. It is the most important fast-growing stand-forming tree species in Hungary. Black locust planta-tions can be successfully established in response to a range of economic and ecological opportunities. Plantation survival and productivity are maximized by matching the species' growth characteristics with silvicultural options and land management needs. In the paper the sequence of forest tending operations in black locust stands is proposed, based on results of long-term stand structure and forest yield trials. Implementing good silvicultural plans and models will lead to profitable black locust stands and greater ac-ceptance of the species by land managers. Black locust would also be a very useful species for energy productions as the related research results have been shown in the paper.

13世纪哈刺和林的多层木构建筑:关于高300尺的兴元阁建筑样式的探讨（英文）

本文根据元朝许有壬撰写的'敕赐兴元阁碑'文字记载及最新的考古发掘资料,探讨了13世纪建于蒙古帝国首都哈剌和林的高达300尺的兴元阁的建筑结构及建筑样式的可能性。具体以中国和朝鲜半岛的高层木构建筑的实例为参照系,分析了平面正方,面阔7间的兴元阁为木构高层建筑,外观五层而实际应有结构暗层。楼阁内部安置的'浮屠'推测为藏传佛教的覆钵塔形式。

Evaluation of Biomass Supply Chain from Robinia pseudoacacia L. SRF Plantations on Abandoned Lands

Bio-energy and biomass system is a new scientific field, very interesting, where there can find new available information; however, there is also place for other novelties. A lot of projects and experiences regarding to what mentioned above, lead to the credence that forest biomass assume a fundamental role, inasmuch they constitute a renewable resource, already or easily present, in the environment. The main purpose of undertaking this study is to analyse the obtainable biomass yields from black locust （Robinia pseudoacacia L.） SRF. Four different plantations have been situated on lands of different fertilities in Italy and Albania. Neither irrigation nor fertilization has been applied. Two different methodologies of biennial harvesting have been compared on black locust plantation situated in Italy. The first one is the contemporary cutting and chipping, while the second with cutting, field seasoning of trees and then chipping. In Albania the analyses of planted trees were mainly focused on height and diameter growth. They revealed a good continuation which means that the bed conditions of abandoned terrain, and climate considering the extended drought period of last summer, don＇t affect the growth.

The effect of depression on the thermal nociceptive thresholds in rats with spontaneous pain

Objective Recently,there has been growing interest in the interaction between depressive disorders and pain.The purpose of this study was to examine whether depression would lead to a decreased sensitivity to noxious stimuli in rats with spontaneous pain.Methods The olfactory bulbectomized rats were used as a model of depression.The depression-like behaviors were assessed by open field test and changes in body weight.Formalin solution was injected into the rat hindpaw to produce ongoing pain.Noxious thermal stimuli were applied onto the hindpaw contralateral to formalin injection,and the withdrawal thresholds were measured.Results In non-depressive rats,the formalin-treated paw developed hypoalgesia to noxious stimuli while the contralateral paw was not affected.The depressive rats,however,showed a significantly lower sensitivity to noxious thermal stimulus,represented as higher withdrawal thresholds of the contralateral paw,when compared to the non-depressive rats.Conclusion These results demonstrate that depression can alleviate the stimulus-evoked pain even in the context of formalin inflammatory pain,consistent with the previous clinical observations that patients suffering from both depression and persistent pain have decreased sensitivities to noxious experimental stimuli.

Effect of Shaolin internal qigong exercise on the surface electromyography signals of shoulder muscle groups in patients with capsulitis of the shoulder

Objective:To unveil the efficacy of Shaolin internal qigong exercise in treating capsulitis of the shoulder(CS)and explore objective outcome measures by observing the changes in the surface electromyography(sEMG)signals of shoulder muscle groups after regular practice of Shaolin internal qigong exercise in CS patients.Methods:Sixty CS patients were randomized into two groups by the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.Patients in the qigong group practiced Shaolin internal qigong exercise on a regular basis,while patients in the electroacupuncture(EA)group received EA treatment.Before and after treatment,the sEMG signals of six muscles,i.e.biceps brachii,triceps brachii,deltoid,pectoralis major,latissimus dorsi and trapezius muscles,of the affected side were recorded at 45°abduction of the shoulder,60°forward flexion and 90°internal rotation with the elbow flexed during maximal isometric contraction,and the integrated electromyography(iEMG)of each muscle was calculated.Results:The total effective rate was 93.3%in the qigong group,higher than 83.3%in the EA group(P<0.05).Intra-group comparison showed that the iEMG of biceps brachii,triceps brachii,pectoralis major and deltoid muscles in the qigong group increased significantly after intervention at 45°abduction of the shoulder,60°forward flexion and 90°internal rotation with the elbow flexed(all P<0.05),and the iEMG of trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles decreased(both P<0.05);in the EA group,the iEMG of biceps brachii,pectoralis major and deltoid muscles increased significantly during contraction(all P<0.05),while the iEMG of triceps brachii,trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles had no significant changes(all P>0.05).After intervention,there were significant differences in the iEMG of most of muscles between the two groups(all P<0.05),except for the iEMG of deltoid muscle at 45°of abduction of the shoulder joint during isometric contraction(P>0.05).Conclusion:Shaolin internal qigong exercise can effectively increase the motion intensity of the biceps brachii,triceps brachii,pectoralis major and deltoid muscles and reduce the compensation of the latissimus dorsi and trapezius muscles in CS patients;compared with EA,it produces a better result in improving the coordination and stability in shoulder joint movements.

Clinical efficacy observation of comprehensive ying needling therapy for mumps

Objective： To compare the clinical efficacy difference between comprehensive ying needling therapy and intramuscular injection with ribavirin for mumps.Methods： One hundred patients with mumps were randomly divided into comprehensive ying needling therapy group（group A, 52 cases） and western medicine group（group B, 48 cases）, then 8 cases were eliminated and drop out from group A and 4 cases were eliminated and drop out from group B respectively. actual inclusion 44 cases in group A 44 cases in group B. Point bloodletting was performed at parotid gland（腮腺Sāixiàn） and Threeshang acupoints of the patients in group A for once every other day, treatment for 7 days was considered as 1 course of treatment, and 2 courses were needed. Intramuscular injection with ribavirin was given to the patients in group B for twice a day, treatment for 7 days was considered as 1 course, and 2 courses were needed. The parotid gland swelling score, fever score, orifice parotid duct swelling score, score of difficulty in opening mouth and the clinical efficacy of the patients in the two groups were compared before and after treatment.Results： The cured and markedly effective rate in group A was 90.9%（40/44）, which was superior to 68.2%in group B（30/44）（P〈0.05）. The symptom scores were all improved significantly in the two groups after treatment（all P〈0.05）, and the improvement in group A was superior to that in group B（all P〈0.05）.Conclusion： The curative effect of comprehensive ying needling therapy for treatment of mumps was superior to that of conventional western medicine therapy.

观赏鸟的常见疾病及防治

本期介绍观赏鸟常见疾病的种类、诊断和防治技术。文字简练,方法具体,易懂易行,对于观赏鸟的饲养培育和疾病防治意义重大,对兽医工作者、广大养殖户及科研院校都会大有帮助。观赏鸟的常见疾病种类观赏鸟的常见疾病有传染病、寄生虫病和普通疾病几大类,如雏鸟病、大肠杆菌病、沙门氏菌病、葡萄球菌病、巴氏杆菌病（出血性败血症、禽霍乱）、

Using the response-effect trait framework to disentangle the effects of environmental change on the ecosystem services

Functional traits play a vital role in mediating the responses of ecosystem services to environmental changes and in predicting the functioning of the ecosystem.However,the connection between functional traits and ecosystem services has become increasingly intricate due to climate change and human activities for degraded ecosystems.To investigate this relationship,we selected 27 sampling sites in the Yanhe River Basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau,each containing two types of vegetation ecosystems:natural vegetation and artificial vegetation ecosystems.At each sampling site,we measured ecosystem services and calculated the composition index of community traits.We established a response–effect trait framework that included environmental factors such as climate,elevation and human activities.Our results showed that leaf tissue density(LTD)was the overlapping response and effect trait when responding to climate change.LTD is positively correlated with mean annual temperature and negatively correlated with supporting services.Under the influence of human activities,leaf nitrogen content and leaf dry matter content were carriers of environmental change.Comparing the two vegetation ecosystems,the relationship between functional traits and ecosystem services showed divergent patterns,indicating that human activities increased the uncertainty of the relationship between functional traits and ecosystem services.Trait-based ecology holds promise for enhancing predictions of ecosystem services responses to environmental changes.However,the predictive ability is influenced by the complexity of environmental changes.In conclusion,our study highlights the importance of understanding the complex connection between functional traits and ecosystem services in response to climate changes and human activities.