Multi-channel magnetic stimulation is an efficient method to improve the conventional magnetic stimulation. A multi-channel magnetic brain stimulator was developed and the distribution of magnetic field was calculated...Multi-channel magnetic stimulation is an efficient method to improve the conventional magnetic stimulation. A multi-channel magnetic brain stimulator was developed and the distribution of magnetic field was calculated by finite-element analysis software-ANSYS. The results show that when five coils work simultaneously, the area where the magnetic flux density is larger than 0.01 T would expand to almost the whole brain region, and the magnetic stimulation depth would be improved. Experiments were performed on ten subjects (mean age 25) using the stimulator, and the EEG power spectrums before and after stimulation were analyzed. The experimental results show that the beta component of EEG obviously increases after magnetic stimulation, and the effect is more obvious by using more coils simultaneously because of the deeper stimulation.展开更多
Objective: To investigate whether hPTH1-34 regulate the synthesis of fibronectin (FN) from cultured rat mesangial cells and its possible mechanism. Methods: (1) MCs seeded at a density of 1 × 104 per well in 24-w...Objective: To investigate whether hPTH1-34 regulate the synthesis of fibronectin (FN) from cultured rat mesangial cells and its possible mechanism. Methods: (1) MCs seeded at a density of 1 × 104 per well in 24-well plates were treated with medium containing various concentrations of hPTH1-34(10-12 mol/l -10-8 mol/l) for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, control cells were treated with vehicle only. The FN levels (in the supernatant) were measured by ELISA assay. (2) MCs were co-cultured with 10 ng/l of anti-TGF-β antibody and various concentrations of hPTH1-34(10-12 mol/l - 10-8 mol/l ). Forty-eight hours later, FN were tested by ELISA. (4) MCs were co-cultured with 10 ng/l of anti-TGF-β antibody and 10-8 mol/l hPTH1-34 for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h and then FN were tested. Results: (1) hPTH1-34 stimulated FN synthesis in a dose-and time-dependent way with a peak at 10-8 mol/l (P<0. 01). (2) Anti-TGF-β antibody inhibited the stimulation effect of hPTH1-34, on synthesis of FN in cultured rat mesangial cells (P<0. 05). Conclusion: hPTH1-34 up-regulates FN synthesis in cultured rat mesangial cells via TGF-β, suggesting that PTH may play an important role in deteriorating the residual renal function at the early stage of chronic renal disease.展开更多
Metabotropic glutamate receptors are expressed at excitatory synapses and control synaptic transmission in mammalian brain. These receptors are involved in numerous patho-physiological functions. However, little is kn...Metabotropic glutamate receptors are expressed at excitatory synapses and control synaptic transmission in mammalian brain. These receptors are involved in numerous patho-physiological functions. However, little is known about the molecular determinants responsible for their intracellular transport and membrane targeting. Here we investigated the nature of the molecular motor and adaptor protein responsible for trafficking and membrane localization of the group I metabotropic glutamate mGlu1 postsynaptic receptor in cultured hippocampal neurons. In proteomic studies, we identified the synaptosome-associated protein 23 （SNAP23） and the molecular motor Kif5 kinesin as proteins interacting with mGlu1 receptor. We showed that SNAP23, but not Kif5, directly interacts with mGlu1 receptor carboxyl terminus. Using a recombination approach to impair or enhance the interaction between SNAP23 and KifS, we found that the SNAP23-Kif5 complex controls the trafficking of mGlu1 receptor along microtubules. Additional fluorescence recovery after cleavage experiments allowed us to identify a role of the complex in the receptor cell surface targeting. In conclusion, our study indicates that along dendritic processes Kif5-SNAP23 complex contributes to proper mGlu1 receptor trafficking and cell surface expression.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30350003)Science and Technology Development Foundation of Tianjin(No.20030219) .
文摘Multi-channel magnetic stimulation is an efficient method to improve the conventional magnetic stimulation. A multi-channel magnetic brain stimulator was developed and the distribution of magnetic field was calculated by finite-element analysis software-ANSYS. The results show that when five coils work simultaneously, the area where the magnetic flux density is larger than 0.01 T would expand to almost the whole brain region, and the magnetic stimulation depth would be improved. Experiments were performed on ten subjects (mean age 25) using the stimulator, and the EEG power spectrums before and after stimulation were analyzed. The experimental results show that the beta component of EEG obviously increases after magnetic stimulation, and the effect is more obvious by using more coils simultaneously because of the deeper stimulation.
文摘Objective: To investigate whether hPTH1-34 regulate the synthesis of fibronectin (FN) from cultured rat mesangial cells and its possible mechanism. Methods: (1) MCs seeded at a density of 1 × 104 per well in 24-well plates were treated with medium containing various concentrations of hPTH1-34(10-12 mol/l -10-8 mol/l) for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, control cells were treated with vehicle only. The FN levels (in the supernatant) were measured by ELISA assay. (2) MCs were co-cultured with 10 ng/l of anti-TGF-β antibody and various concentrations of hPTH1-34(10-12 mol/l - 10-8 mol/l ). Forty-eight hours later, FN were tested by ELISA. (4) MCs were co-cultured with 10 ng/l of anti-TGF-β antibody and 10-8 mol/l hPTH1-34 for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h and then FN were tested. Results: (1) hPTH1-34 stimulated FN synthesis in a dose-and time-dependent way with a peak at 10-8 mol/l (P<0. 01). (2) Anti-TGF-β antibody inhibited the stimulation effect of hPTH1-34, on synthesis of FN in cultured rat mesangial cells (P<0. 05). Conclusion: hPTH1-34 up-regulates FN synthesis in cultured rat mesangial cells via TGF-β, suggesting that PTH may play an important role in deteriorating the residual renal function at the early stage of chronic renal disease.
文摘Metabotropic glutamate receptors are expressed at excitatory synapses and control synaptic transmission in mammalian brain. These receptors are involved in numerous patho-physiological functions. However, little is known about the molecular determinants responsible for their intracellular transport and membrane targeting. Here we investigated the nature of the molecular motor and adaptor protein responsible for trafficking and membrane localization of the group I metabotropic glutamate mGlu1 postsynaptic receptor in cultured hippocampal neurons. In proteomic studies, we identified the synaptosome-associated protein 23 （SNAP23） and the molecular motor Kif5 kinesin as proteins interacting with mGlu1 receptor. We showed that SNAP23, but not Kif5, directly interacts with mGlu1 receptor carboxyl terminus. Using a recombination approach to impair or enhance the interaction between SNAP23 and KifS, we found that the SNAP23-Kif5 complex controls the trafficking of mGlu1 receptor along microtubules. Additional fluorescence recovery after cleavage experiments allowed us to identify a role of the complex in the receptor cell surface targeting. In conclusion, our study indicates that along dendritic processes Kif5-SNAP23 complex contributes to proper mGlu1 receptor trafficking and cell surface expression.
