肤刺螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲:皮剌螨科)

本文记述了巢集肤刺螨,新种Pellonyssus nidi sp.nov.,并讨论了与狭胸肤刺螨P.stenosternus Wang,1963的鉴别要点。模式标本采自云南陇川县的麻雀巢中,存放在贵阳医学院。

Food intolerance and skin prick test in treated and untreated irritable bowel syndrome

AIM： To correlate the clinical features of treated and untreated patients with irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） to the results of skin prick test （SPT） for food and inhalant allergens. METHODS： We recruited 105 subjects to form three different target groups： treated group （n=44） undergoing treatment for IBS, untreated group （n =31） meeting the Rome Ⅱ criteria without treatment for IBS, control group （n = 30） with no IBS symptoms. RESULTS： SPT results were different among the three groups in which SPT was positive in 17 （38.6%） treated patients, in 5 （16.1%） untreated patients and in 1 （3.3%） control （P〈0.01）. The number of positive SPTs was greater in the IBS group than in the control group （P〈 0.001）. The number of positive food SPTs was higher in the treated IBS group than in the untreated IBS group （P= 0.03）. CONCLUSION： Positive food SPT is higher in IBS patients than in controls.

Influence of Clothing Fabrics on Skin Microcirculation

This study investigated the effects of clothing fabric on human skin microcirculation.Once skin is covered with a clothing fabric,human sensations,namely,coolness,warmth,softness,and roughness,are aroused immediately,and the cutaneous microcirculation may be changed consequently.Since the complex relationships of the human skin,the environment,and the clothing,there is few publication focusing on the physiological responses of the skin to the fabrics.In this paper,a Laser Doppler Flowmetry(LDF)was used to test the dynamic responses of the skin blood flow when the fabric was placed on the skin.Effects of different fabrics on the skin blood flux were investigated.The results show that cold stimulation of fabric has remarkable influences on the skin blood flux,and the surface properties of fabric are of importance to affect the human skin blood flow.

EFFECTS OF ELECTRO ACUPUNCTURE AND TWIRLING REINFORCING-REDUCING MANIPULATIONS ON VOLUME OF MICROCIRCULATORY BLOOD FLOW IN CEREBRAL PIA MATER

Effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and routine acupuncture with twirling reinforcing and reducing manipulation of the needle (RA) both at Zusanli point (St 36) on volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral pia mater were observed by fenestration of the cranial bone and laser Doppler microcirculatory blood flow analyser. Results showed that both RA and EA could increase the volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral pia mater; and that the increase in the EA group was superior to that in RA group. This suggests that a moderate and effective stimulation is a key to the production of a regulative effect on the organism.

放血疗法与王国新生:英国早期现代复仇剧的医学伦理

英国早期现代戏剧家使用医学话语"刺肤",把复仇定义为一种手术过程,展示复仇暴力在剧本世界和观众世界中的伦理效果。复仇归因于暴君由"血液过剩"生发的"性欲",当"性交"不能让暴君彻底根除"强暴"行为时,复仇者必须向暴君"刺肤"放血,弑杀暴君以根治国家疾病。考虑到"坏血"与"好血"难以分开,被强暴后的臣民之妻女的纯血被暴君的"坏血"所污染,唯有给她们"刺肤"致使其血液流尽,家族才能重获健康;对邪恶复仇者来说,只有让他们"刺肤"死去,自己的血液洗清复仇罪恶时王国才能新生。

Effect of meridian sinew row needling combined with dermal needling on spasticity of post-stroke patients with upper limb hemiparalysis: a multi-center randomized controlled trial

Objective To explore the effect of meridian sinew row needling combined with dermal needling on spasticity of post-stroke patients with upper limb hemiparalysis. Methods Four hundred and eighty-eight cases of post-stroke patients with upper limb spasticity were randomly divided into two groups at the ratio of 1： 1, the group of meridian sinew row needling combined with dermal needling （group A, 244 cases） and western medication group （group B, 244 cases）. Coupled with rehabilitation, the patients in the group A were given meridian sinew row needling combined with dermal needling where five shu points were specifically selected, and three yang meridians of the hand were treated with acupuncture with muscle region, and three yin meridians of the hand were treated with dermal needles; the patients in the group B was treated with conventional western medication with piracetam injection and cerebroprotein hydrolysate included. Clinical efficacy was evaluated among patients in the two groups after three weeks of continuous treatment, and upper limb spasticity and motor functions were observed through modified Asworth Scale and FugI-Meyer Assessment Scale （FMA） before and after treatment. Results For Asworth Scale, group A was significantly superior to group B （3.04 ± 1.29 vs 3.88 ± 1.54, P〈0.05）; for FMA scale, group A was also significantly superior to group B （48.67± 15.64 vs 42.96±14.72, P〈0.05）; mitigations of motor status of upper limb joints in group A, such as remission of shoulder adduction （90.5%）, pronation of forearm （70.7%）, elbow joint flexion （73.1%）, wrist joint flexion （80.9%） and finger flexion （88.1%）, were superior to those of group B （70.0%, 60.0%, 61.9%, 57.4%, 63.2%, all P〈0.05）. Conclusion Good clinical efficacy of the treatment with combined with dermal needling on spasticity of post-stroke patients with upper limb hemiparalysis is achieved.

Curative effect of Dingqi analgesic patch on cancer pain:a single-blind randomized controlled trail

OBJECTIVE:To observe the curative effect of an acupoint application with a Dingqi analgesic patch on moderate to severe pain caused by liver cancer.METHODS:Forty patients with moderate to severe pain caused by liver cancer were randomly divided intoatreatmentgroup(TG)andacontrolgroup(CG).Patients with moderate pain were given 100 mg qd of a sustainably released tablet of tramadol hydrochloride;patientswithseverepainweregiven4.2mg q3d of the fentanyl transdermal system.The ashi points Ganshu(BL 18),Danshu(BL 19) and Qimen(LR 14) were chosen for the acupoint application intervention.CG patients were given a sham patch and TG patients were given a Dingqi analgesic patch.A visual analogue scale(VAS) was used before treatment and after 1,3,6,9 and 12 days of treatment.The Karnofsky score was measured before treatment and after 12 days of treatment.Any main adverse reactions(e.g.nausea,constipation,dizziness and headache) were recorded after 6 and 12 days of treatment.Any skin side effects(i.e.skin irritation and allergic reactions) were recorded.RESULTS:The VAS in TG was significantly lower than that in CG after 3,6,9 and 12 days of treatment(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the Karnofsky score before treatment and after 12 days of treatment between CG and TG.There were also no significant differences in the main adverse reactions or skin side effects after 6 and 12 days of treatment between CG andTG(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The Dingqi analgesic patch can enhance the analgesic effect of tramadol and fentanyl.

Intramedullary nailing of clavicular midshaft fractures in adults using titanium elastic nail

Objective： Studies showed elastic stable intramedullary nailing （ESIN） of displaced midclavicular fractures has excellent outcomes, as well as high complication rates and specific problems. The aim was to discuss ESIN of midshaft clavicular fractures.Methods： Totally 60 eligible patients （aged 18-63 years） were randomized to either ESIN group or non-operative group between January 2007 and May 2008. Clavicular shortening was measured after trauma and osseous consolidation.Radiographic union and complications were assessed. Function analysis including Constant shoulder scores and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand （DASH） scores were performed after a 15-month follow-up.Results： ESIN led to a signifcantly shorter time to union, especially for simple fractures. In ESIN group, all patients got fracture union, of which 5 cases had medial skin irritation and 1 patient needed revision surgery because of implant failure. In the nonoperative group, there were 3 nonunion cases and 2 symptomatic malunions developed requiring corrective osteotomy. At 15 months after intramedullary stabilization, patients in the ESIN group were more satisfied with the appearance of the shoulder and overall outcome, and they benefited a lot from the great improvement of post-traumatic clavicular shortening. Furthermore,DASH scores were lower and Constant scores were significantly higher in contrast to the non-operative group.Conclusion： ESIN is a safe minimally invasive surgical technique with lower complication rate, faster return to daily activities, excellent cosmetic and better functional results,restoration of clavicular length for treating mid-shaft clavicular fractures, resulting in high overall satisfaction, which can be regard as an alternative to plate fixation or nonoperative treatment of mid-shaft clavicular fractures.

Needle-free injection of insulin powder: delivery efficiency and skin irritation assessment

Insulin is widely used in treating diabetes, but still needs to be administered by needle injection. This study investigated a new needle-free approach for insulin delivery. A portable powder needleless injection（PNI） device with an automatic mechanical unit was designed. Its efficiency in delivering insulin was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. The skin irritation caused by the device was investigated and the results were analyzed in relation to aerodynamic parameters. Inorganic salt-carried insulin powders had hypoglycemic effects, while raw insulin powders were not effective when delivered by PNI, indicating that salt carriers play an important role in the delivery of insulin via PNI. The relative delivery efficiency of phosphate-carried insulin powder using the PNI device was 72.25%. A safety assessment test showed that three key factors（gas pressure, cylinder volume, and nozzle distance） were related to the amount of skin irritation caused by the PNI device. Optimized injection conditions caused minimal skin lesions and are safe to use in practice. The results suggest that PNI has promising prospects as a novel technology for delivering insulin and other biological drugs.

Effect of row needling in muscle regions combined with seven-star needle tapping on cognitive function and quality of life in patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity

Objective：To observe the effect of row needling in muscle regions combined with seven-star needle tapping on cognitive function and quality of life （QOL） in patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity. Methods： A total of 448 eligible cases were randomly allocated into a treatment group and a control group, 244 in each group. Based on standard conventional treatment, cases in the treatment group received row needling in muscle regions combined with seven-star needle tapping, whereas cases in the control group took oral Western medication. After 3 weeks of treatment, the cognitive functions were assessed using comprehensive functional assessment （CFA） and mini-mental state examination （MMSE）. The O,OL was evaluated using the Chinese-version 36-item short-form health survey （SF-36）. Results： After treatment, the CFA and MMSE scores were significantly improved in both groups （P〈0.05）; and there were between-group statistical differences （P〈0.05）, showing a better effect in the treatment group than that in the control group. In addition, there were between-group statistical significances in scores of QOL （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Row needling in muscle regions combined with seven-star needle tapping can significantly improve the cognitive function and O, OL of patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity.

Unexpected massive cutaneous pruritus treated by acupuncture

This article introduced that during the author’s overseas period, acupuncture was applied at Tàixī （太溪 KI 3）, Sānyīnjiāo （三阴交 SP 6）, Yīnlíngquán （阴陵泉 SP 9）, Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36）, Fēnglóng （丰隆 ST 40） and Xùehǎi （血海 SP 10） to treat massive cutaneous pruritus and satisfactory clinical efficacy was achieved, which indicated acupuncture had positive effect on cutaneous pruritus.

Fracture union in percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation in paediatric tibial shaft fractures

Purpose： To evaluate the efficacy of intramedullary Kirschner wires for the treatment of unstable tibial shaft fractures in children. Methods： This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery in Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College from June 2005 to June 2010. Sixty-six children having closed fracture of the tibial shaft with a mean age of 7.7 years （range, 2-14 years） were recruited from emergency and outpatient department. They were treated with percutaneous intramedullary Kirschner wires. The clinical results of our study were rated on the basis of the criteria of union, nonunion, delayed union or malunion. All children were followed for one year. Results： Children achieved union in a mean time of 8 weeks （range, 6-10 weeks）. Postoperatively, three children （4.55%） had delayed union, one （1.52%） valgus deformity of lower leg, three （4.55%） post- operative knee pain and twelve （18.18%） skin irritation at pin site. Wires were removed after 8-22 weeks without any complications. No patient was lost to follow-up. The results were excellent in 95.45% and good in 4.55% children. Conclusion： This technique is cost-effective, simple, quick to perform, safe and reliable and avoids pro- longed hospitalization with good results.

Experimental Research of Acupuncture Therapy on Skin Aging in Senile Rats

Objective： To observe the effect of acupuncture on skin aging of senile rats and discuss the mechanism of acupuncture in treating skin aging. Methods： The 18-month-old senile Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, a blank group, a surrounding needling group, a surrounding needling plus Zusanli （ST 36） group, comparing with the 8-month-old young rats. The tests included the content of dissoluble hydroxyproline （Hyp） and the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） in the skin of rats＇ abdomen. The transmission electron microscope was used for the morphological observation of the fibroblasts and the arrangement of the collagen fiber. Results： The dermal organelles in the fibroblasts of the rats decreased with the cellular structures. Meanwhile, the spaces among the collagen fibers extended and the aging bridging increased. The surrounding needling improved the activity of the fibroblasts. The dissoluble Hyp content in the surrounding needling group was much higher than the rats in the blank group, but the SOD activity didn＇t change significantly. However, the surrounding needling plus Zusanli （ST 36） enhanced the SOD activity. Conclusion： Acupuncture may improve the activity of the fibroblasts in the skin to increase the dissoluble collagen content, resulting in the improvement of an aged appearance. Surrounding needling plus needling Zusanli （ST 36） could enhance the SOD activity.

Finite Element Modeling of Cutaneous Electrical Stimulation for Sensory Feedback

It is currently difficult for the amputee to perceive environmental information such as tactile pressure on the fingertip of the present upper limb prostheses.Sensory feedback induced by cutaneous electrical stimulation can be used to transmit tactile information from hand prostheses to sensory nerve of intact upper arm, thus producing the corresponding perceptions in human brain. In order to have a deeper understanding on the distribution of stimulation current within the limb, and find a better placement of the stimulating and reference electrodes, we constructed a three-dimensional upper-limb model to systematically study the effect of electrode placement on current distribution based on finite element analysis. In these simulations, the reference electrode is positioned at four different locations around and on the axial direction of the arm. The results show that with the increase of distance between reference electrode and stimulating electrode, the current density increases in the skin layer of the upper limb.When the reference electrode is on the opposite side of stimulating electrode around the arm, the current is more concentrated in the skin layer, which is in line with recent findings in psychophysiological experiments. But better spatial selectivity could be achieved when the reference electrode is closer to the stimulating electrode around the arm, and it is more obvious in comparison with that on the axial direction. These findings will provide insights for the design of electrode array used for evoking cutaneous sensory afferents.