湖南民间美术的主要形式及分布状况初探

了解民间美术的主要形式及分布状况是进行民间美术研究的基石,它对于探索民间美术的传承与发展有着重要的意义.

A Genetic Transformation System for Rosa multiflora Thunb. var. cathayensis Rehd. et Wils through Callus Induction

An efficient genetic transformation system is a preparation for Rosa multi-flora Thunb. var. cathayensis Rehd. et Wils to diversify its flower color through ge-netic engineering. We firstly optimized the explants and culture conditions on callus induction, hormone concentrations and dark period of culture time on bud differentia-tions in particular, with sterilized seedlings to establish the regeneration system of R. multiflora. It showed that callus induction frequency reached 100% after the ex-plants being cultured in dark for 21 d when MS was chosen to be the initial culture medium. The bud differentiation rate was 48% after cal i being cultured under dark for 8 d on MS medium supplemented with TDZ （1.5 mg/L） and NAA （0.05 mg/L）. The cal i was used as the explants that were infected with Agrobacterium tumefa-ciens harboring a DFR-RNAi construct. The transformation rate reached as high as 50%. The establishment of a highly efficient rose gene transformation system out-lined in this report is prerequisite for genetic improvement in rose flower colors.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ON AUDITORY IMPAIRMENT CAUSED BY KANAMYCIN IN GUINEA PIGS

Frequency following response(FFR)and auditory brain stem evoked potential response(ABR)were used to determine the auditory acuity in evaluating the effect of electro-acupuncture treatment of kanamycin-induced auditory impairment in guinea pigs.Thesuccinate dehydrogenase(SDH)activity and morphological changes of the inner earreceptors were examined under the light and scanning electron microscope in cochlearspread preparations.The results showed that 1)electro-acupuncture was effective but nosignificant differences were found among the stimulating wave forms;2)Tinggong(SI19),Yifeng(SJ 17),Shenshu(UB 23),Sanyinjiao(Sp 6),Zhubin(K 9)and Waiguan(SJ 5)are all effective acupoints,especially the combination of Tinggong(SI 19),Sanyinjiao(Sp6)and Zhubin(K 9)acupoints;3)improvement in the cochlear function and excitabilityof the cortical and lower auditory center and increase of the mitochondrial SDH activityand energy supply in hair cells might contribute to the mechanism of the treatment.

Sense Estimation and Instrumental Evaluation of Fabric-Evoked Prickle

In this paper, the mechanism of fabric-evoked prickle is discussed, which indicates that the mechanical stimuli aroused by the fiber ends on the fabric surface to the skin-sensory receptors are responsible for prickle. The factors influencing the intensity of prickle are specialized and anatomized. Several means of sense estimate, including the corresponding statistical measures, are described. A few groping objective methods of evaluating prickle are analyzed, including the testing principles, the advantages and the disadvantages. At last, a new concept is proposed on the objective evaluation of prickle.

THE MECHANISM OF CEREBRAL EVOKED POTENTIALS BY REPETITIVE MAGNETIC STIMULATION OF GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

Objective. To study the features and mechanism of the cerebral evoked potentials by repetitive stimulation of calf muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients with obvious muscular dystrophy and psuedohypertrophy. Methods. Cerebral evoked potentials by stimulation of calf muscles and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) by the stimulation of posterior tibial nerves at ankle were measured in 10 patients with DMD and 10 normal controls matched with gender and age. The intensity of the magnetic stimulation was at 30％ of maximal output (2.1 Tesla, MagPro magnetic stimulator, Dantec) and the frequency was 1 Hz. The low intensity of magnetic stimulation was just sufficient to produce a contraction of the muscle belly underneath the coil. Recording electrode was placed at 2 cm posterior to the Cz, reference to Fpz. The latencies of N33, P38, N48 and P55 and amplitude (P38－ N48) were recorded. SEPs were recorded by routine methods. Results. In normal subjects, the amplitudes of cerebral evoked potentials by magnetic stimulation of calf muscle was 40％ lower than that by electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerves at ankle. The latency of P38 was 2.9± 2.1 ms longer compared with electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerves at ankle. In 6 patients, P38 latency from magnetic stimulation was remarkably prolonged (P< 0.01), and in 4 patients, there was no remarkable response. SEPs evoked by electrical stimulation were normal in all of the patients. Conclusion. DMD is an available model for the study of mechanism of cerebral evoked potentials by magnetic stimulating muscle. We can conclude that the responses from magnetic stimulation were produced by muscle input. The abnormal responses in patients may relate to decreased input of muscle by stimulating dystrophic and psedohypertrophic muscle.

Click-Formed Polymer Gels with Aggregation-Induced Emission and Dual Stimuli-Responsive Behaviors

Stimuli-responsive polymer gels have recently attracted great attention due to their heat/solvent resistance,dimensional stability,and unique sensitivity to external stimuli.In this work,we synthesized thiol-functionalized tetraphenylethylene(TPE)and constructed polymer gels through thiol-ene click reaction.The synthetic process of the polymer gels could be monitored by fluorescence emission of TPE moieties based on aggregation-induced emission mechanism.In addition,due to the dual redox-and acid responsiveness of the polymer gels,in the presence of dithiothreitol and trifluoroacetic acid,fluorescence quenching of the polymer gels can be observed.This stimuli-responsive characteristics endows the polymer gels with potential applications in fluorescent sensing and imaging,cancer diagnosis and selfhealing materials.

INTRAOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION OF CORTICAL MOTOR EVOKED POTENTIALS IN CENTRAL SULCUS LESIONS

Objective To study direct cortical electrical stimulation technique for the recording of motor evoked potentials under general anesthesia in central sulcus lesions. Methods The largest N20-P25 response was recorded from postcentral gyrus by intraoperative monitoring of cortical motor evoked potentials in 10 patients with intracranial lesions near or in the central area. The muscles of upper extremity in all patients were activated by delivering stimulus to cortical areas continuously. Moving the cortical electrodes forward, the largest P20-N25 response, SEP phase reversal,was obtained as a motor center stimulus. In this site of cortex, a short train stimulation elicited reproducible muscle action potentials that could be observed from the oscilloscope without averaging.Results MEPs can be recorded, pre-and post-operatively, without motor deficits of upper limbs in all patients.Conclusion This technique seems to be preferable for intraoperative localization of motor evoked potentials in central sulcus lesions under total intravenous anesthesia.

Regulative Effects of Auricular Acupuncture,Moxibustion and Chinese Herbs on Immunologic Function in the D-Galactose-induced Aging Mouse

Objective:To observe the regulative effect of auricular acupuncture, moxibustion and Chinese herbs on immunologic function in the D-galactose-induced aging mouse and to probe the feasibility and possible mechanisms for delaying aging, so as to provide experimental basis for acupuncture, moxibustion and Chinese herbs for delaying aging. Methods: Aging mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose, and treated by auricular acupuncture, auricular acupuncture plus moxibustion, and auricular acupuncture plus Chinese herbs respectively for 6 weeks and then serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 contents and splenic lymphocyte transformation rate were compared among the groups. Results: Compared with the young group, the serum IL-2 level and the splenic lymphocyte transformation rate significantly decreased and the IL-6 level significantly increased in the aging mouse. After treatment by auricular acupuncture, auricular acupuncture plus Chinese herbs, especially auricular acupuncture plus moxibustion, the serum IL-2 level and the splenic lymphocyte transformation rate significantly increased, and the IL-6 level significantly decreased as compared with the model group. Conclusions: Combined application of auricular acupuncture, moxibustion and Chinese herbs can improve the decline or dysfunction of immunological function in the aging organism to a certain extent.

The Effect of Chemical Cues on the Settlement of Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) Larvae

The effects of four ions and eight neuroactive compounds on inducing larval settlement ofA. japonicus were assessed in the present study. All bioassays were conducted in 60 × 9mm Petri dishes, each contained 10mL of the test solution and 10 doliolaria larvae. There were significant inductive effects of K＋ （10 mmol L-l）, NH4＋ （0.1 mmol L-l）, GABA （10-3 tool L-l）, acetylcholine （10-5 molL-l）, L-DOPA （10-SmolL-1）, norepinephrine （10-SmolL-1） and dopamine （10-TmolL-1 and 10-5 molL-1） on the settlement of sea cucumber larvae. L-DOPA and dopamine are the most efficient chemical cues to induce A.japonicus larvae to settle. The highest percentage of larval settlement was induced by 10-5 tool L-1 L-DOPA and dopamine （33% and 40%） compared to the control （7%）. However, Ca2＋, Mg2＋, choline, serotonin, and epinephrine were less effective on larval settlement at all tested concentrations. This study evaluated the stability and feasibility of chemical cues for larval settlement in different culture systems, which can be applied to improve the hatchery production of this valuable species.

Photoinduced Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Triphenylamine-Phenothiazine Derivative-Doped Polymers

Photo-responsive room-temperature phosphorescent(RTP)materials have garnered significant interest due to the advantages of rapid response,spatiotemporal control,and contactless precision manipulation.However,the development of such materials remains in its infancy,underscoring the importance of exploiting novel and efficient light-responsive RTP molecules.In this work,three phenothiazine derivatives of TPA-PTZ,TPA-2PTZ,and TPA-3PTZ were successfully synthesized via the Buchwald-Hartwig C—N coupling reaction.By embedding these molecules as RTP guests into polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)matrix,photo-induced RTP properties were realized.Upon sustained UV irradiation,there was an enhancement of 19 times in the quantum yield to reach a value of 5.68%.Remarkably,these materials exhibit superior alongside robust light and thermal stability,maintaining high phosphorescence intensity even after prolonged UV exposure(irradiation for>200 s by a 365 nm UV lamp with the power of 500μW·cm-2)or at higher temperature up to 75℃.The outstanding properties of these photo-induced RTP materials make them promising candidates for applications in information encryption,anti-counterfeiting,and advanced optical materials.

Impacts of acupuncture on brainstem evoked potentials in patients with primary depression

Objective To observe the impacts of acupuncture on brainstem evoked potentials in the patients with primary depression. Methods Forty cases of primary depression were treated by acupuncture at Baihui （百会 GV 20）, Yinatng （印堂 GV 29）, DazhuT （大椎 GV 14）, bilateral Shenmen （神门 HT 7）, bilateral Taichong （太冲 LR 3）, bilateral Neiguan （内关 PC 6） and SanyTnjiao （三阴交 SP 6）. The needles were retained for 30 min. Acupuncture treatment was given once every two days, three treatments a week. The brainstem auditory evoked potential （BAEP） and visual evoked potential （VEP） were observed in 6 weeks of treatment. The change in Hamilton depression scale （HAMD） score was observed before and after treatment in the depression group. Results After treatment, VEP wave latency was shortened significantly in patients of depression （P〈0.05）, BAEPIII wave latency was shortened significantly （P〈0.05）. The score of HAMD was decreased apparently in the depression group （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The stressability of visual and auditory stimuli in the central nervous system was decreased in the patients of depression. Acupuncture shortens remarkably the brainstem evoked potentials latency in the patients of depression and achieves the effective results in the treatment of primary depression.

Effect on glycemia in rats with type 2 diabetes induced by streptozotocin: low-frequency electro-pulse needling stimulated Weiwanxiashu(EX-B 3) and Zusanli(ST 36)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of low frequency electro-pulse acupuncture(EA) on blood glucose in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 2diabetes, and the possible mechanism underlying the action.METHODS: Rat models were established with high fat feeding and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ)(30 mg/kg). Rats with a random blood glucose > 16.7 mmol/L and blood glucose at 2 h-point of oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) > 11.1 mmol/L were included as diabetic rats, and randomly divided into model group, EA Weiwanxiashu(EX-B 3) group, EA Zusanli(ST 36)group, glimepiride group, and EA non-acupoint group(n = 12). EA(2 Hz continuous wave, 2 m A,20 min/day, 6 days/week, 4 weeks) and intra-gastric administration of glimepiride were applied as interventions. With fasting blood glucose and OGTT tested at the end of the intervention, thestudy observed the patterns of hypoglycemic effects. For mechanism study, it observes hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining of pancreas paraffin sections, protein expression of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor(GLP-1R) in the pancreas and skeletal muscle, glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) protein expression in skeletal muscle membrane, to detect whether EA controls blood glucose via regulation of GLP-1R.RESULTS: EA Weiwanxiashu(EX-B 3) significantly increased model rats' pancreas GLP-1R, and GLUT4 of skeletal muscle membrane; the therapy significantly decreased model rats' skeletal muscle GLP-1R, restored pancreas morphology, and reduced fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance indices.CONCLUSION: EA Weiwanxiashu(EX-B 3) alone has significant effect on glycemia. EA Weiwanxiashu(EX-B 3) plus glimepiride further strengthen the effect. The regulation of the GLP-1R in pancreas and skeletal muscle might be mechanism underpinning the effect.

Therapeutic Efficacy Observation on Electroacupuncture for Ovulatory Dysfunctional Infertility

Objective：To observe the clinical effect of electroacupuncture for ovulatory dysfunctional infertility by ovulation stimulation.Methods：A total of 65 patients were randomly allocated into a treatment group （38 cases） and a control group （27 cases）.Acupuncture plus electric stimulation was employed in the treatment group,whereas oral Clomifene Citrate Tablets in the control group,50 mg per day.Results：After six months （2 sessions） of treatment,the cure rate in the treatment group was 76.3%,versus 48.1% in the control group,showing a significant difference between the two groups （P〈0.05）.Conclusion：Electroacupuncture can obtain better cure rate than oral Clomifene Citrate Tablets for infertility via ovulation stimulation.

Memory response to manual acupuncture in chronic insomniacs: evidence from event-related potentials

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of manual acupuncture for memory loss and sleep quality in chronic insomniacs.Methods:A total of 60 eligible participants were enrolled and randomized into either a treatment group or a control group,with 30 cases in each group.The treatment group was intervened by manual acupuncture whereas the control group was given sham acupuncture.In the two groups,the interventions were offered once every other day and three times a week,for 8 weeks in total.Before and after the treatment,Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and eventrelated potentials (ERPs) were used to assess the patients' sleep quality and memory,respectively.Meanwhile,adverse events were monitored and recorded.Results:After 8-week treatment,both the treatment group and the control group showed a significant decrease in the PSQI global score (P<0.001,P<0.01),and the decrease in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.001).The intra-group comparisons of ERPs indicated that,the latencies of N1 and P3 were shortened and the amplitudes of N1 and P3 were increased in the treatment group after the intervention,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05,P<0.001);in the control group,there were no significant changes in the latency and amplitude after the treatment (P>0.05).The between-group comparisons of ERPs showed that the treatment group was more effective than the control group in shortening the latency of P3 (P<0.01).Conclusion:Acupuncture can be a safe and effective treatment option for chronic insomnia coupled with memory impairment.

Influence of S3 electrical stimulation on gastrointestinal dysfunction after spinal cord injury in rabbits

Objective：To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation to sacral spinal nerve 3 （S3 stimulation） on gastrointestinal dysfunction after spinal cord injury （SCI）.Methods：Six rabbits were taken as normal controls to record their gastrointestinal multipoint biological discharge,colon pressure and rectoanal inhibitory reflex.Electrodes were implanted into S3 in another 18 rabbits.Then the model of SCI was conducted following Fehling＇s method：the rabbit S3 was clamped to induce transverse injury,which was claimed by both somatosensory evoked potential and motion evoked potential.Two hours after SCI,S3 stimulation was conducted.The 18 rabbits were subdivided into 3 groups to respectively record their gastrointestinal electric activities （n=6）,colon pressure （n=6）,and rectum pressure （n=6）.Firstly the wave frequency was fixed at 15 Hz and pulse width at 400 μs and three stimulus intensities （6 V,8 V,10 V） were tested.Then the voltage was fixed at 6 V and the pulse width changed from 200 μs,400 μs to 600 μs.The response was recorded and analyzed.The condition of defecation was also investigated.Results：After SCI,the mainly demonstrated change was dyskinesia of the single haustrum and distal colon.The rectoanal inhibitory reflex almost disappeared.S3 stimulation partly recovered the intestinal movement after denervation,promoting defecation.The proper stimulus parameters were 15 Hz,400 μs,6 V,10 s with 20 s intervals and 10 min with 10 min intervals,total 2 h.Conclusion：S3 stimulation is able to restore the intestinal movement after denervation （especially single haustrum and distal colon）,which promotes defecation.