迹斑绿刺蛾选择性取食与红树科植物叶片内含物的关系

研究了迹斑绿刺蛾幼虫对3种红树植物的取食选择性与叶片内含物含量的相关性。结果表明:处理1、2中迹斑绿刺蛾幼虫对无瓣海桑的取食量基本一致,均为7 cm2/头以上,且没有明显差异,其次为秋茄,取食量为3.99 cm2/头,不取食桐花叶片,说明无瓣海桑是迹斑绿刺蛾幼虫较理想的食物。内含物含量方面,可溶性糖含量最高的为桐花和秋茄,最低的为无瓣海桑,可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、总酚含量最高的为无瓣海桑,单宁含量最高的为桐花。相关分析表明,幼虫取食与叶片可溶性糖含量具有较好负相关性,与可溶性蛋白质、总酚含量具有较好的正相关,与游离氨基酸含量成较低正相关、与单宁含量呈较低负相关,说明叶片营养物质含量影响害虫取食的选择性,而次生性物质含量的变化又与虫害相互作用。

红树林植物无瓣海桑主要害虫迹斑绿刺蛾生物学特性研究

为了明确无瓣海桑主要害虫迹斑绿刺蛾的生活史和各虫态生活习性,通过室内饲养、林间套笼观察和野外调查相结合的方法对迹斑绿刺蛾的生物学特性进行了系统研究。该虫在广西钦州红树林自然保护区1年发生4代,有世代重叠现象;以蛹在茧内越冬,翌年4月中旬成虫开始羽化,第1代幼虫为害期发生在4月下旬到6月下旬;第4代幼虫11月上旬开始结茧化蛹越冬。成虫具有较强趋光性,成虫夜间羽化率达到98.6%,以晚上24:00前居多。成虫羽化后第2天交尾,雌虫产卵量为35～183粒,雄虫平均寿命6.7d,雌虫平均寿命8.1d。本研究明确了迹斑绿刺蛾生物学特性,为该虫的预测防治工作提供基础。

4种药剂对无瓣海桑害虫迹斑绿刺蛾的室内防效

[目的]筛选有效防治迹斑绿刺蛾的药剂,为其野外应用提供依据。[方法]测定了25%灭幼脲、30%敌百虫、16 000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌、白僵菌4种药剂对迹斑绿刺蛾2～3龄幼虫的室内防效,并测定了25%灭幼脲、晶体敌百虫2种药剂对海虾的室内毒性。[结果]4种药剂对迹斑绿刺蛾2～3龄幼虫均具有杀虫效果,其中30%敌百虫800倍、1 000倍、1 500倍溶液和25%灭幼脲800倍溶液防效最好。晶体敌百虫溶液浓度分别为0.500、0.100、0.010 mg/L和25%灭幼脲8 000倍、10 000倍、15 000倍溶液对海虾的影响较小或无影响。[结论]30%敌百虫具有速效性且对虾影响较小,适合应急或日常防治迹斑绿刺蛾;25%灭幼脲和16 000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌杀虫速度相对较慢,适于日常防治迹斑绿刺蛾。

Characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies against Shewanella marisflavi, a novel pathogen of Apostichopus japonicus

Shewanella marisflavi strain AP629 was certified as a novel pathogen of the sea cucumber Apostichopusjaponicus. In this study, four monoclonal antibodies （MAbs） （3C1, 3D9, 2F2, 2A8） against strain AP629 were developed by immunizing Balb/C mice. 3C1 and 3D9 recognized S. marisflavi only, showing no cross reactivity to other gram-negative bacteria, However, 2F2 and 2A8 showed cross reactivity to all tested bacteria. Indirect immunofluorescence, and immunogold electron microscopy, showed the binding antigens of 3C1 and 3D9 were located at the secretion on the surface of strain AP629. The binding antigens of 2F2 and 2A8 were noted on the membrane of the cells. MAbs 3C1 and 3D9 recognized the lipopolysaccharide fraction of strain AP629, and 2F2 and 2A8 recognized in western-blotting protein antigens with molecular weights of 113 and 128 kDa respectively. MAbs 3C1 and 3D9 have the potential for use in pathogen diagnosis, epidemiology and studies on the mechanism of how S. marisflavi infects A. japonicus. Imrnunohistochemistry with 3C1 or 3D9 identified strain AP629 in the body wall of infected A. japonicus. In the adult sea cucumbers that were infected via body wall injection, positive signals were observed at the site of skin ulceration, and at the connective tissue of the non-ulcerated body wall. In addition, some large blue-stained cells aggregated at the connective tissue colonized by large numbers of bacteria. In juveniles infected via immersion infection, positive signals were observed at the cuticle of the body wall only. Our results suggest that 3C1 and 3D9 could be used in various immunological assays to study the invasion mechanism of strain AP629 in A. japonicus, the law of bacterial colonization, proliferation in different tissues of A. japonicus, and correlation between secretion on the surface of strain AP629 and its pathogenesis to A. japonicus.

制止纹身的丑陋现象

近几年来,我们在征兵体检中,发现多例怪事:有些小青年不知何故,在胳膊上和身上刺字、刺龙、刺鹰、刺迹等。有的是用香火头和烟头烧的,还有的刺完后涂上红、蓝、绿色。当问起他们为什么刺迹时,连他们自己也不清楚,只晓得别人刺也就跟着刺。