前庭神经鞘瘤放射外科计划剂量均匀性研究

目的研究前庭神经鞘瘤放射外科治疗计划中的剂量均匀性指数(homogeneity index,HI)的影响因素,以及HI更简便的替代计算方法。方法回顾性分析301例前庭神经鞘瘤伽玛刀治疗计划,298例病人采用经典单次治疗,3例采用连续低分割治疗。根据国际辐射单位和测量委员会(ICRU)-83标准,计算计划的HI,并评估可能影响HI的因素。计算靶区的剂量变异系数(dose coefficient of variation,Dcv),评估其作为HI替代方案的可行性。结果治疗计划的平均HI为0.60±0.08。单因素分析发现除周边剂量外,所有计划参数与HI的相关性均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素分析显示:处方剂量线、覆盖率、选择性、梯度指数和靶区体积是有统计学意义的相关因素(均P<0.05)。Dcv可很好拟合HI。结论HI与治疗计划多个参数关系密切。Dcv可试用作为更简便计算HI的替代方法。

A dosimetric comparison between 3D-Conformal radiation therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy plans in the treatment of posterior fossa boost in children with high risk medulloblastom

Objective： The work is a comparative study between two modalities of radiation therapy, the aim of which is to compare 3D conformal radiation therapy （3D-CRT） and intensity modulated radiation therapy （IMRT） in treating posterior fossa boost in children with high risk medulloblastorna; dosimetrically evaluating and comparing both techniques as regard target coverage and doses to organs at risk （OAR）. Methods： Twenty patients with high risk medulloblastoma were treated by 3D-CRT technique. A dosimetric comparison was done by performing two plans for the posterior fossa boost, 3D-CRT and IMRT plans, for the same patient using Eclipse planning system （version 8.6）. Results： IMRT had a better conformity index compared to 3D-CRT plans （P value of 0.000）. As for the dose homogeneity it was also better in the IMRT plans, yet it hasn＇t reached the statistical significant value. Also, doses received by the cochleae, brainstem and spinal cord were significantly less in the IMRT plans than those of 3D-CRT （P value 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： IMRT technique was clearly able to improve conformity and homogeneity index, spare the cochleae, reduce dose to the brainstem and spinal cord in comparison to 3D- CRT technique.

A dosimetric comparative study between conformal and intensity modulated radiation therapy in the treatment of primary nasopharyngeal carcinomas: the Egyptian experience

Objective: The study is a comparative study, the aim of which is to compare 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in treating nasopharyngeal carcinomas; dosimetrically evaluating and comparing both techniques as regard target coverage and doses to organs at risk (OAR). Methods: Twenty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated by 3D-CRT technique and another 20 patients were treated by IMRT. A dosimetric comparison was done by performing two plans for the same patient using Eclipse planning system (version 8.6). Results: IMRT had a better tumor coverage and conformity index compared to 3D-CRT plans (P value of 0.001 and 0.004), respectively. As for the dose homogeneity it was also better in the IMRT plans and the reason for this was attributed to the dose inhomogeneity at the photon/electron junction in the 3D-CRT plans (P value 0.032). Also, doses received by the risk structures, particularly parotids, was significantly less in the IMRT plans than those of 3D-CRT (P value 0.001). Conclusion: IMRT technique was clearly able to increase the dose delivery to the target volume, improve conformity and homogeneity index and spare the parotid glands in comparison to 3D-CRT technique.

直肠癌手术后三野适形放射治疗和三射野调强放射治疗的剂量学比较

目的对比同方向布野的直肠癌三野适形放射治疗和简化三射野调强放射治疗的适形指数、靶区剂量均匀性指数、靶区平均剂量以及周围危及器官受量的差别。方法简化调强技术是指单射野的子野数目≤5个、子野面积≥10 cm2、子野照射机器跳数≥10 MU的调强放射治疗技术。10例接受术后辅助放射治疗的Ⅱ～Ⅲ期直肠癌患者,分别进行一后两侧三野适形放射治疗(3DCRT)和一后两侧三单野简化调强放射治疗(sIMRT)的计划设计,处方剂量为50Gy,利用剂量体积直方图及剂量体积直方表评价不同照射技术下靶区的适形指数、剂量均匀性指数、靶区平均剂量以及小肠、结肠、膀胱和股骨头的受量差别。结果靶区适形指数、剂量均匀性指数和靶区平均剂量均为简化三射野调强计划优于三野适形计划,小肠结肠最大剂量、各器官(小肠、结肠、膀胱、股骨头)平均剂量以及V50(股骨头为V45)均为简化调强计划低于三野适形计划,而两者计划下的各器官低剂量照射体积(V20和V10)在数值上无明显差别。结论在布野方向和单野数量相同的情况下,即使射野数较少,简化调强技术与适形技术相比仍具有更好的靶区适形度、剂量均匀性以及危及器官保护。