OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of β-tubulin in premalignant lesions and carcinomas of the breast, and to observe the relationship of its expression with breast cancer pathological features. METHODS The expressio...OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of β-tubulin in premalignant lesions and carcinomas of the breast, and to observe the relationship of its expression with breast cancer pathological features. METHODS The expression of β-tubulin was detected immunohistochemically in 50 specimens of premalignant lesions of the breast （ADH and Peri-PM with ADH）, 50 specimens of breast in situ ductal carcinomas （DCIS）, and 50 specimens of invasive ductal carcinomas （IDC）. Thirty specimens of normal breast tissues served as a control group. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed that： the differences among the 4 groups （normal breast tissues, breast premalignant lesions, DCIS and IDC, P 〈 0.05） were significant, and there were also statistically significant differences between any 2 groups （P 〈 0.05） except for the β-tubulin positive expression comparing DCIS versus IDC （P 〉 0.05）. In addition, β-tubulin was expressed at a higher level in Peri-PM with ADH compared to ADH （P 〈 0.05）. Following the degree of breast epithelial hyperplasia involved, and its development into carcinoma, the β-tubulin positive expression displayed an elevating tendency. We also found a significant positive relationship of β-tubulin expression with lymph node metastasis （P 〈 0.05）, but no significant correlation with histological grading and nuclear grade. CONCLUSION Centrosome defects may be an early event in the development of breast cancer and they can also promote tumor progression. Studies of aberrations of centrosomal proteins provide a new way to tumorigenesis. explore the mechanism of breast tumorigenesis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate in vivo survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after partial blockage of optic nerve (ON) axoplasmic flow by sub-retinal space or vitreous cavity injection of brain-derived neural factor (...OBJECTIVE: To investigate in vivo survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after partial blockage of optic nerve (ON) axoplasmic flow by sub-retinal space or vitreous cavity injection of brain-derived neural factor (BDNF) produced by genetically modified neural progenitor cells (NPCs). METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat RGCs were labeled with granular blue (GB) applied to their main targets in the brain. Seven days later, the left ON was intra-obitally crushed with a 40 g power forceps to partially block ON axoplasmic flow. Animals were randomized to three groups. The left eye of each rat received a sham injection, NPCs injection or an injection of genetically modified neural progenitors producing BDNF (BDNF-NPCs). Seven, 15 and 30 days after ON crush, retinas were examined under a fluorescence microscope. By calculating and comparing the average RGCs densities and RGC apoptosis density, RGC survival was estimated and the neuro-protective effect of transplanted cells was evaluated. RESULTS: Seven, 15 and 30 days after crush, in the intra-vitreous injection group, mean RGC densities had decreased to 1885 +/- 68, 1562 +/- 20, 1380 +/- 7 and 1837 +/- 46, 1561 +/- 58, 1370 +/- 16, respectively with sham injection or neural progenitors injection. However, RGCs density in the groups treated with intra-vitreous injection of BDNF-NPC was 2101 +/- 15, 1809 +/- 19 and 1625 +/- 34. Similar results were found in groups after sub-retinal injection. Higher densities were observed in groups treated with BDNF-NPCs. There were statistically significant differences among groups through nonparametric tests followed by the Mann-Whitely test. RGC apoptosis density in BDNF-NPC at each follow-up time was less than in other groups. CONCLUSIONS: A continuous supply of neurotrophic factors by the injection of genetically modified neural progenitors presents a highly effective approach to counteract optic neuropathy and RGC degeneration after partial ON axoplasmic flow blockage.展开更多
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30471967)
文摘OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of β-tubulin in premalignant lesions and carcinomas of the breast, and to observe the relationship of its expression with breast cancer pathological features. METHODS The expression of β-tubulin was detected immunohistochemically in 50 specimens of premalignant lesions of the breast （ADH and Peri-PM with ADH）, 50 specimens of breast in situ ductal carcinomas （DCIS）, and 50 specimens of invasive ductal carcinomas （IDC）. Thirty specimens of normal breast tissues served as a control group. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed that： the differences among the 4 groups （normal breast tissues, breast premalignant lesions, DCIS and IDC, P 〈 0.05） were significant, and there were also statistically significant differences between any 2 groups （P 〈 0.05） except for the β-tubulin positive expression comparing DCIS versus IDC （P 〉 0.05）. In addition, β-tubulin was expressed at a higher level in Peri-PM with ADH compared to ADH （P 〈 0.05）. Following the degree of breast epithelial hyperplasia involved, and its development into carcinoma, the β-tubulin positive expression displayed an elevating tendency. We also found a significant positive relationship of β-tubulin expression with lymph node metastasis （P 〈 0.05）, but no significant correlation with histological grading and nuclear grade. CONCLUSION Centrosome defects may be an early event in the development of breast cancer and they can also promote tumor progression. Studies of aberrations of centrosomal proteins provide a new way to tumorigenesis. explore the mechanism of breast tumorigenesis.
基金ThisstudywassupportedbygrantsfromtheNationalNaturalSciencFoundationofChina (No 3 9670 775or39770811)andGuangdongKeyProgram (1998)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate in vivo survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after partial blockage of optic nerve (ON) axoplasmic flow by sub-retinal space or vitreous cavity injection of brain-derived neural factor (BDNF) produced by genetically modified neural progenitor cells (NPCs). METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat RGCs were labeled with granular blue (GB) applied to their main targets in the brain. Seven days later, the left ON was intra-obitally crushed with a 40 g power forceps to partially block ON axoplasmic flow. Animals were randomized to three groups. The left eye of each rat received a sham injection, NPCs injection or an injection of genetically modified neural progenitors producing BDNF (BDNF-NPCs). Seven, 15 and 30 days after ON crush, retinas were examined under a fluorescence microscope. By calculating and comparing the average RGCs densities and RGC apoptosis density, RGC survival was estimated and the neuro-protective effect of transplanted cells was evaluated. RESULTS: Seven, 15 and 30 days after crush, in the intra-vitreous injection group, mean RGC densities had decreased to 1885 +/- 68, 1562 +/- 20, 1380 +/- 7 and 1837 +/- 46, 1561 +/- 58, 1370 +/- 16, respectively with sham injection or neural progenitors injection. However, RGCs density in the groups treated with intra-vitreous injection of BDNF-NPC was 2101 +/- 15, 1809 +/- 19 and 1625 +/- 34. Similar results were found in groups after sub-retinal injection. Higher densities were observed in groups treated with BDNF-NPCs. There were statistically significant differences among groups through nonparametric tests followed by the Mann-Whitely test. RGC apoptosis density in BDNF-NPC at each follow-up time was less than in other groups. CONCLUSIONS: A continuous supply of neurotrophic factors by the injection of genetically modified neural progenitors presents a highly effective approach to counteract optic neuropathy and RGC degeneration after partial ON axoplasmic flow blockage.
