母亲的养生两法

最近这趟回家,发现母亲有了明显的转变。以前,母亲因缺乏运动,体重超标,人常常无精打采,体检中也发现血脂偏高。为此,家人对母亲的健康都挺担心的。这趟回家,却发现母亲瘦了许多,体型已经接近正常,而且脸色好了许多,整个人都精神了。母亲说,这可得益于医生介绍的养生两法。第一个方法,是餐前快走。每天午餐和晚餐前,母亲都会适度疾走。

绝密档案:美军被“谍犬”诱入死亡陷阱(下篇)

眨眼工夫,栖息游弋在附近的蛇子蛇孙们便从四面八方蜂拥而至,黑鸦鸦地聚集一片。蛇王"丝丝"叫着,吩咐少数几条蛇到周围林子里搬兵,其余的随它尾追而来。马丁一伙喘息未定,便见对面山冈上蛇群就像一道墨绿色的河流一样滚滚而下。远远看去,这些湄公蛇都有一米半到两米长,全都高昂着脑袋,飞快地抖动着身子向前疾进。眼看一场恶战不可避免……

Clinical Course Of Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer As Second Primary Malignancy

Objective： To evaluate the clinical course of patients with small cell lung cancer （SCLC） as second primary malignancy. Methods： Among the 355 patients diagnosed with SCLC at Helen and Harry Gray Cancer Center of Hartford Hospital Connecticut USA between 1988 and 1998, the records of 48 patients, which had been diagnosed with other malignancies before their diagnosis of SCLC, were retro- spectively reviewed. Results： Forty-eight patients （13.5%） were diagnosed with other malignancies prior to their SCLC among which 43 had documented smoking history and 93% of them （40/43） were current/former smokers. Of the 28-second primary SCLC patients who were treated with standard method, 11 （39.3%） achieved CR. 12 （42.8%） achieved PR, and the RR was 82.1%. The median survival of the 28 treated with standard method was 11.3 months （5.1-77.7 months）, while that of the rest 19 untreated patients （1 of 20 was lost to follow-up） was only 2.0 months （0.5 34.0 months）. There was no significant difference in the median survival and RR between 165 treated first primary SCLC （13.5 months and 77.6% respectively） and 28 treated secondary primary SCLC （11.3 months and 82.1% respectively） （P〉0.05）. The patients who had prostate cancer were older and subjected to less treatments than those with skin cancer, so their survival was shorter than the latter （3.5 months vs. 15 months, P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The response and survival of the treated patients with SCLC as a second malignancy showed no difference as compared to the treated ones with SCLC only. Therefore, an active medical treatment is important to relieve symptom and prolong survival of the second primary SCLC patients.

Role of a probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) in management and prevention of diarrhoea

AIM： To assess the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii （S. boulardii） in acute watery diarrhoea and its role in reducing the frequency of episodes of diarrhoea in subsequent two months. METHODS： Children from 2 mo to 12 years of age, with acute diarrhoea were selected according to inclusion criteria and randomised in S. boulardii group （treated with ORS, nutritional support and S. boulardii, 250 mg bid） and in control group （treated with ORS and nutritional support only）. Active treatment phase was 5 d and each child was followed for two months afterwards. Frequency and consistency of stools as well as safety of drug was assessed on every visit. A comparison of two groups was done in terms of number of diarrhoeal episode in subsequent two months. RESULTS： There were fifty patients in each group. Baseline characteristics such as mean age and the average frequency of stools were comparable in S. boulardii and control group at the time of inclusion in the trial. By d 3 it reduced to 2.7 and 4.2 stools per d respectively and by d 6 it reduced to 1.6 （5. boulardii Group） and 3.3 （control group）. The duration of diarrhoea was 3.6 d in S. boulardii group whereas it was 4.8 d in control group （P = 0.001）. In the following two months, S. boulardii group had a significantly lower frequency of 0.54 episodes as compared to 1.08 episodes in control group. The drug was well accepted and tolerated. There were no reports of the side effects during treatment period CONCLUSION： S. boulardii significantly reduces the frequency and duration of acute diarrhoea. The consistency of stool also improves. The drug is well-tolerated.

Short-chain fatty acids act as antiinflammatory mediators by regulating prostaglandin E_2 and cytokines

AIM： To investigate the effect of short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） on production of prostaglandin E2 （PGE2）, cytokines and chemokines in human monocytes. METHODS： Human neutrophils and monocytes were isolated from human whole blood by using 1-Step Polymorph and RosetteSep Human Monocyte Enrichment Cocktail, respectively. Human GPR41 and GPR43 mRNA expression was examined by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction, The calcium flux assay was used to examine the biological activities of SCFAs in human neutrophils and monocytes. The effect of SCFAs on human monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） was studied by measuring PGE2, cytokines and chemokines in the supernatant. The effect of SCFAs in vivo was examined by intraplantar injection into rat paws. RESULTS： Human GPR43 is highly expressed in human neutrophils and monocytes. SCFAs induce robust calcium flux in human neutrophils, but not in human monocytes. In this study, we show that SCFAs can induce human monocyte release of PGE2 and that this effect can be enhanced in the presence of lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. In addition, we demonstrate that PGE2 production induced by SCFA was inhibited by pertussis toxin, suggesting the involvement of a receptor-mediated mechanism. Furthermore, SCFAs can specifically inhibit constitutive monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1） production and LPS-induced interleukin-10 （IL-10） production in human monocytes without affecting the secretion of other cytokines and chemokines examined. Similar activities were observed in human PBMC for the release of PGE2, MCP-1 and IL-10 after 5CFA treatment. In addition, SCFAs inhibit LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-7 in human PBIVlC. Finally, we show that SCFAs and LPS can induce PGE2 production in vivo by intraplantar injection into rat paws （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： SCFAs can have distinct antiinflammatory activities due to their regulation of PGE2, cytokine and chemokine release from human immune cells.

EFFECTS OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 ON THE PROGRESSION OF ARISTOLOCHIC ACID NEPHROPATHY

Objective To investigate the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the progression of aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). Methods Twenty-four patients diagnosed as AAN with serum creatinine (Scr) between 1.5 mg/dL and 4 mg/dL during September 2001 to August 2003 were randomly divided into 2 groups. All patients had ingested long dan xie gan wan con-taining aristolochic acid (0.219 mg/g) for at least 3 months. Twelve patients were injected with Alprostadil (10 μg/d for 10 days in one month, summing up to 6 months). Except for PGE1, the other therapy was same in both groups. Renal function was assessed using reciprocal serum creatinine levels (1/Scr). Results The level of Scr and serum hemoglobin (Hgb) was similar in both groups prior to therapy. During follow-up, 1/Scr levels in PGE1 group were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.01), and Hgb levels in PGE1 group were sig-nificantly increased compared with control (P < 0.05).Conclusion PGE1 can slow the progression of renal failure and increase Hgb level of AAN patient.

Prenatal diagnosis of choledochal cyst using magnetic resonance imaging: A case report

Choledochal cysts are congenital anomalies of the biliary ducts, characterized by cystic dilatation of the ducts.Prenatal diagnosis of this anomaly using ultrasonography (US) has been well documented. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently become an important complement to US in prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies. We herein report a patient in whom at 24 wk' gestation US suggested a right upper quadrant abdominal cyst and in whom at 26 wk' gestation MRI more clearly delineated the cyst and its surrounding structures and suggested a choledochal cyst, which was confirmed at postnatal surgery and histopathology.

Modified physiological and operative score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity risk assessment model in general surgery

AIM: To establish a scoring system for predicting the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality in general surgery based on the physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM), and to evaluate its efficacy. METHODS: Eighty-four patients with postoperative complications or death and 172 patients without postoperative complications, who underwent surgery in our department during the previous 2 years, were retrospectively analyzed by logistic regression. Fifteen indexes were investigated including age, cardiovascular function, respiratory function, blood test results, endocrine function, central nervous system function, hepatic function, renal function, nutritional status, extent of operative trauma, and course of anesthesia. Modified POSSUM (M-POSSUM) was developed using significant risk factors with its efficacy evaluated. RESULTS: The significant risk factors were found to be age, cardiovascular function, respiratory function, hepatic function, renal function, blood test results, endocrine function, nutritional status, duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss, and course of anesthesia. These factors were all included in the scoring system. There were significant differences in the scores between the patients with and without postoperative complications, between the patients died and survived with complications, and between the patients died and survived without complications. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the M-POSSUM could accurately predict postoperative complications and mortality.CONCLUSION: M-POSSUM correlates well with postoperative complications and mortality, and is more accurate than POSSUM.

Androgen Receptor Roles in Benign and Malignant Prostate Disease

Androgen deprivation therapy （ADT）, which aims to reduce androgen-androgen receptor （AR） signaling, is the normal method of prostate cancer treatment. Despite its early success in suppressing prostate tumor growth, the therapy eventually fails, leading to recurrent hormone-refractory tumor growth. Recent studies have been carried out with stromal cell-specific or fibroblastspecific AR knockout mice or prostate stromal-specific and epithelial-specific AR knockout transgenic mice prostate cancer models and in vitro and in vivo studies of various human prostate cancer cells with knock-in and knock-out of the AR. These have indicated that the AR in prostatic stroma acts as a proliferation stimulator and survival factor, whereas epithelial AR acts as a survival factor for epithelial luminal cells and stromal smooth muscle cell differentiation, and as a suppressor for epithelial basal intermediate cell proliferation. These two opposite AR pose a major challenge for roles of the stromal and epithelial ADT and should be taken into account when developing new therapies targeting AR in selective cells.

Probiotics and the gastrointestinal tract:Where are we in 2005?

Probiotic agents are live microbes or components of microbes that have a positive effect on the host. They exert their action through interplay with the immune system of the host. Some of this effect is local and some is systemic. The full story is yet to be discovered. Probiotics have a definite positive effect on rotavirus diarrhea, post antibiotic diarrhea and pouchitis. Their exact role in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, other forms of infectious diarrhea, and prevention of cancer is yet to be determined. This review summarizes the data about probiotics in these conditions.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON 60 CASES OF BENIGN HYPERPLASIA OF PROSTATE TREATED BY INJECTION OF "CHUAN-SHEN-TONG" INJECTIOINTO HUIYIN (CV1)

Objective: To observe the therapeutic e ffect of injection of "Chuan-Shen-Tong" Injectio (川参通注射液) at Huiyin (会阴 CV 1) on benign hyperplasia of prostate . Methods: 60 cases of benign hyperplasia of prostate patients were evenly randomized into treatment group and control group. Those of treatment group were treated with injection o f "Chuan-Shen-Tong" Injectio (composed of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, Rad ix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, etc. for relieving hyperplasis of prostate, 4 mL/acupoin t) into Huiyin (CV 1) and the other 60 cases of control group were treated by oral administration of Hytrin (1 mg/d in the 1 st week and increasing 1 mg/3 d, 4 mg at m ost). After 28 days’ treatment, their therapeutic effects were compared. Result s: After treatment, of each 60 cases in treatment and control groups, 11 (18.3%) and 11 (11.7%) were controlled in their symptoms, 25 (41.7%) and 16 (26.7%) had marked improvement, 18 (30.0%) and 17 (28.3%) had improvement, and 6 (10.0%) an d 20 (33.3%) failed, with the effective rate and the markedly effective rate bei ng 90.0% and 66.7% in the treatment group and 66.7% and 38.3% in the control gro up respectively. The therapeutic effect of treatment group was significantly sup erior to that of control group (P<0.01 and P< 0.05). Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of point-injection of "Chuan-Shen-Tong" for benign hyperplasia of p rostate is better than that of oral administration of Hytrin.

Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and kidney disease in Brazilian healthy preschool children

AIM To investigate the prevalence of nutritional parameters of risk for cardiovascular disease(CVD) and kidney diseases in healthy preschool children.METHODS This is an observational cross-sectional study with 60 healthy children, of both genders, aged two to six years old and 56 mothers, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Preschool children and their families with regular activities at public schools were invited to paticipate in the study. The following characteristics were assessed: Socio-demographic condictions, clinical health, anthropometric, biochemical, lifestyle and data on food consumption. The 56 healthy children were divided into two groups, overweight(C1) and non-overweight(C2), as well as their mothers, respectively, in overweight(M1) and non-overweight(M2). Nutritional status was defined according to results obtained through the Anthro? Software for nutritional analysis. RESULTS Thirty-five children were male, with mean age of 4.44 ± 1.0 years old. Eighty-nine percent of them were eutrophic, 86.7% were sedentary and they had five meals a day. Body mass index(BMI) for age and total cholesterol(TC) was higher on C1(P = 0.0001) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c) was higher on C2. Mothers were 32.5 ± 7.1 years old, mostly married and employed. Eighty-six percent of them were sedentary and 62.5% were overweight with BMI = 26.38 ± 5.07 kg/m2. Eighteen percent of the overweight mothers had isolated total hypercholesterolemia(TC levels elevated) and 12.5% had low HDL-c levels. The present study showed an association between overweight and obesity during the preschool years and the correspondent mothers' nutritional status of overweight and obesity(OR = 4.96; 95%CI: 0.558-44.17). There was a positive correlation between the food risk associated with CVD by children and mothers when their consumption was 4 times/wk(P = 0.049; r = 0.516) or daily(P = 0.000008; r = 0.892).CONCLUSION Analyzed children showed high rates of physical inactivity, high serum cholesterol levels and high consumption of food associated with risk for CVD and renal disease. Changes in habits should be encouraged early in kindergarten.

Effect of lipopolysaccharide on diarrhea and gastrointestinal transit in mice: Roles of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E_2

AIM: To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)on the diarrheogenic activity, gastrointestinal transit (GIT),and intestinal fluid content and the possible role of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastrointestinal functions of endotoxin-treated mice.METHODS: Diarrheogic activity, GIT, and intestinal fluid content as well as nitric oxide and PGE2 products were measured after intraperitoneal administration of LPS in mice.RESULTS: LPS dose-dependently accumulated abundant fluid into the small intestine, induced diarrhea, but decreased the GIT. Both nitric oxide and PGE2 were found to increase in LPS-treated mice. Western blot analysis indicated that LPS significantly induced the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 in mice intestines. Pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME, a non-selective NOS inhibitor) or indomethacin (an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis) significantly attenuated the effects of LPS on the diarrheogenic activity and intestine content, but reversed the GIT.CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the pathogenesis of LPS treatment may mediate the stimulatory effect of LPS on nitric oxide and PGE2 production and NO/prostaglandin pathway may play an important role on gastrointestinal function.

这些年来

回望身披警服的20年,是我人生中最为年轻、最有活力的日子,多少激情阅历,逐渐沉淀成醇厚记忆,如同警服从过去充满生机的橄榄绿,也有了到深沉成熟的藏青蓝的转变。

秋天的音乐

你每次上路出远门千万别忘记带上音乐,只要耳朵里有音乐,你一路上对景物的感受就全然变了,在音乐撩拨你心灵的同时,也把窗外的景物调弄得易感而动情。你被种种旋律和音响唤起的丰富的内心情绪,景物也全部神会了,它还随着你的情绪奇妙地进行自我再造。你振作它雄浑,你宁静它温存,你伤感它忧患,也许同时还给你加上一点人生甜蜜的慰藉。

为自己的梦想买单

在等红绿灯的时候,看到一个英气十足的女子,肩负一个大大的浅黄色行李包,有节奏地挥动着双臂,脚蹬一双滑轮,闪电般在面前疾行而过,内心忽然莫名地感动,青春,总关联着梦想。当青春已经不再,很多人的心开始跟着岁月一起老去,或者麻木,丧失了激情,过着日复一日的生活,最后,消失在世界的尽头。这或许是一种亘古不变的模式,但绝不被内心蓬勃的人喜欢,她们也不希望身边的人们苟且度日。虽然选择怎样的生活是个人的事情。这让我想起一位前辈为自己起的网名,青春如歌。