风骨健朗 清新俊逸——喜读梁光华先生《剑水行吟集》

梁光华先生的《剑水行吟集》是近年来贵州诗坛上不可多得的一部严格意义上的古典诗词集,其中多有情景交融、形神兼备的佳作,充满了诗人对祖国和民族的赤子之情。

梁光华《剑水行吟集》风格研究

一、导论 (一)问题的提出 音义同构现象是汉语古典诗歌特有的.音义同构现象是指汉字的发音与其字义之间存在着阴阳契合的关系.……

破解集体经济“空壳”难题

走进都匀市沙包堡办事处剑水村,房屋别致有序,道路干净平坦,两旁绿树成荫。你无法想象,如今经济繁荣、设施完善、环境优美、文明和谐的剑水村,15年前拥挤不堪、矛盾多发,发展滞后。剑水村党总支组织委员游来成告诉记者,2002年,全村集体经济不到2000元,人均收入不足500元,交通、医疗等民生问题困难成茧。在游来成看来,因村级集体经济基础薄弱,村级党组织无钱为群众办好事、办实事,党组织的战斗力和凝聚力在很大程度上受到制约。

Effects of Different Levels of Phosphorus Nutrient on the Photosynthesis Characteristic of Rice Flag Leaf

[Objective] To provide scientific basis for high phosphorus efficiency cultivation and regulation of rice. [Method] Changbai9 （CB9） and Jijing81 （JJ81） were used as experimental materials for pot experiment, and five levels of phosphorus nutrient （ Po - P4 ） were set for each variety, the net photosynthesis rate, Chlorophyll Meter Readings （SPAD Readings）, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and stomatal limitation were observed and compared between five different phosphorus levels at filling stage. [ Result] The net photosynthesis rate of CB9 reached the highest at P3, and was significantly different from other treatments （P 〈0.05）;the net photosynthesis rate of groups with phosphorus of J J81 were higher than that of the control group,and reached the highest at P,. The SPAD Readings of CB9 and JJ81 all achieved the highest at P3, and stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were all at first increased then decreased with the phosphor- us increased in CB9 and JJ81. With the phosphorus increased, intercellular CO2 concentration of CB9 decreased at first and then increased, while in JJ81 the trend was inversed,but the tendency of intercellular CO2 concentration were opposite to that of stomatal limitation in both culti- vars. [ Conclusion] Appropriate adding phosphorus could improve photosynthetic characteristic of rice flag-leaf,but displayed significant genotypic difference.

Relationship Between PSⅡ Excitation Pressure and Content of Rubisco Large Subunit or Small Subunit in Flag Leaf of Super High-Yielding Hybrid Rice

The changes in photochemical features of Photosystem Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ) and contents of Rubisco large subunit (RLS) and small subunit (RSS) in flag leaf from 75DAS to 113DAS (from filling to harvesting stages) were investigated in two hybrid rices (Oryza sativa L) cv. Liangyoupeijiu and cv. Shanyou 63 grown in the field. Liangyoupeijiu is a super high-yielding rice and Shanyou 63 has widely been planted in China in these years. The results indicate that soluble protein and chlorophyll in both cultivars degraded slowly at first and dramatically thereafter. The degradation speed of soluble protein in Shanyou 63 was faster than that in Liangyoupeijiu. Both Fv/Fm and qP decreased in parallel with leaf senescence, whereas qN fell at first and then rose. No significant change in excitation pressure (1-qP) was found before 89DAS but a sharply increase in both cultivars after it occurred. Excitation pressure rose more rapidly in Shanyou 63 than that in Liangyoupeijiu. The changes of RLS and RSS content exhibited the same trend as that of soluble protein content. A better linear correlation between RLS, RSS degradation and elevation of (1-qP) were shown in both cultivars. We suggest that the increase in PSⅡ excitation pressure possibly induced the quick senescence process in rice flag leaf. The high-yielding of Liangyoupeijiu may be due to its maintenance of stronger photosynthetic capacity, longer and more stable photosynthetic functional du-ration than that of Shanyou 63.

锚头鳋防治实例及发病原因分析

锚头鳋属于剑水蚤目、锚头鳋科,是一种寄生在鱼的鳃、皮肤、鳍、眼、头部、口腔等处的甲壳动物。锚头鳋把头部钻入鱼体内吸取营养,使鱼体消瘦。鱼体被锚头鳋钻入的部位,鳞片破裂,皮肤肌肉组织发炎红肿,组织坏死,水霉菌侵入丛生。锚头鳋露在鱼体表外面的部分,常有钟形虫和藻类植物寄生,外观好像一束束的灰色棉絮。鱼体大量感染锚头鳋时,好像披着蓑衣,故称＂蓑衣病＂。近年来,

Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in the Flag Leaves of Different High Yield Rice Variety at Late Stage of Development Under Natural Condition

With indica ( Oryza sativa L.) hybrid Shanyou 63 as control, the hybrid rice varieties including Peiai 64S/E32, Peiai 64S/9311, X07S/Zihui 100, Guangyou 881 and japonica 9516 were used to study changes of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic response to light intensity and temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and membrane lipid peroxidation in their flag leaves at the late stage of development under natural conditions in Nanjing. The results were as follows:. primary photochemical efficiency of PS II ( F-v / F-m), quantum yield of linear electron transport of PS II (phi(PSII)), electron transfer rate (ETR) in these rice varieties decreased with their decrease of chlorophyll content during this period. This kind of impediment to energy conversion induced the transfer of excessive energy to the reducing side of PS I, hence the accumulation of O-2(radical anion) and peroxidation of membrane lipid, and resulting in the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), that is the destroys of photosynthetic pigments and membranes and the consequent, premature senescence. This phenomenon is variable conspicuously in different rice varieties. Under natural condition in Nanjing, F-v/F-m, phi(PSII), ETR and quenching coefficient ( qP) in japonica 9516 tolerant to photooxidation decreased less and the conversion capacity of light energy was stable, premature senescence was unlikely, and consequently the seed-setting rate was higher. While F-v/F-m, phi(PSII), ETR and photochemical qP in Shanyou 63 sensitive to photooxidation decreased more and therefore premature senescence was easy to happen, thus the seed-setting rate and yield were all reduced. The tolerance to photooxidation and premature senescence in other hybrids derived from typical two line or three line crossing laid in the middle. From the rice breeding for super-high-yield, on the basis of the good plant-type of current rice, considering both hybrid vigor and the prevention premature senescence, it would be a notable strategy to use japonica maternal line or maternal. lines with some japonica genotype as the sterile lines in rice breeding.

Changes in the Activities of C4 Pathway Enzymes and Stable Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Flag Leaves of Super High-yield Hybrid Rice

Activities of several key enzymes of C-4 photosynthesis pathway and stable carbon isotope discrimination were investigated in flag leaves of a super high-yield hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Peiai 64S/E32 and a traditional hybrid rice cv. Shanyou 63 at different developing stages. Results show that the activity of PEP carboxylase (PEPCase) increased with age of flag leave; the activity of NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) increased and reached to a peak value at grain filling stage (68-75 d after transplanting), then fell down; the activity of NADP-MDH in cv. Peiai 64S/E32 was much higher than that in cv. Shanyou 63. Before ripening stage (95 d after transplanting), NADP-malic enzyme activity rose gradually. The level of stable carbon isotope discrimination (Delta(13)C) in flag leaves and grains at different developing stages were similar and exhibited a comparative high value at ripening stage. The average Delta(13)C in leaf of cv. Peiai 64S/E32 during different developing stages was 0.43parts per thousand more than that in cv. Shanyou 63.

Preliminary Study on Biological Control of Cyclops of Zooplankton in Drinking Water Source

An ecological project called fish biomanipulation, other than the conventional fishery culture technique, was put forward in this paper for the excess propagation control of Cyclops. The control effects on Cyclops of four species of fish were investigated experimentally at stocking density of 30 g per cubic meter of water. The experimental results showed that the food habit of the fish had significant influence on the biological control of Cyclops. The propagation of Cyclops could be controlled effectively and also the water quality was improved simultaneously by stocking the filter-feeding fishes, such as silver carp and bighead carp. Whereas, herbivorous Ctenopharyugodon idellus and omnivorous Cyprinus carpio had no obvious biological effects on controlling the growth of Cyclops and restoring water quality. The results further proved that under condition of proper poly-culture density of silver carp and bighead carp, the number of Cyclops might be controlled at very low level and the eutrophication might be abated by removing the nutrients from water body.

Effects of High Temperature Stress on Microscopic and Ultrastructural Characteristics of Mesophyll Cells in Flag Leaves of Rice

The microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of mesophyll cells in flag leaves of two rice lines （a thermosensitive line 4628 and a thermo-resistant line 996） under high temperature stress （37℃ during 8：00-17：00 and 30℃ during 17：00-8：00） were investigated using an optical and a transmission electron microscopy. The membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content increased under the high temperature stress, and the increase of both variables was greater in the line 4628 than in the line 996. Under the high temperature stress, the line 996 showed tightly arranged mesophyll cells in flag leaves, fully developed vascular bundles and some closed stomata, whereas the line 4628 suffered from injury because of undeveloped vascular bundles, loosely arranged mesophyll cells and opened stomata. The mesophyll cells in flag leaves of the line 4628 were severely damaged under the high temperature stress, i.e. the chloroplast envelope became blurred, the grana thylakoid layer was arranged loosely and irregularly, the stroma layer disappeared, many osmiophilic granules appeared within the chloroplast, the outer membrane of mitochondria and the nucleus disintegrated and became blurred, the nucleolus disappeared, and much fibrillar-granular materials appeared within the nucleus. In contrast, the mesophyll cells in flag leaves of the line 996 maintained an intact ultrastructure under the high temperature stress. From these results, it is suggested that the ultrastructural modification of the cell membrane system is the primary plant response to high temperature stress and can be used as an index to evaluate the crop heat tolerance.

Analysis on degradation behaviors of sisal fibers at various pH conditions

The degradation behaviors(mass loss,tensile strength,crystallinity index,and microstructure)of sisal fibers immersed in sodium hydroxide solution with pH of 13.6,12.9,and 11.9 were investigated via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.A three-stage degradation process of natural fibers in an alkaline environment was proposed.The results showed that the sisal fibers exhibited a sharp mass loss over the first 7 d of degradation under all pH conditions,attributable to the rapid hydrolysis of lignin and hemicellulose at the fiber surface.The sisal fibers degraded at pH 12.9 and 13.6 over 1 month exhibited significantly lower tensile strengths(181 and 195 MPa,respectively)than the original fibers(234 MPa)because of the loosely bound structure of the component microfibrils caused by the hydrolysis of the linking lignin and hemicellulose.After 6-month degradation,stripped microfibrils occurred in the fibers,resulting in substantial degradation in tensile strength.The sisal fibers degraded at pH 11.9 largely maintained their integrity and tensile strength,even after 6 months,indicating that reducing the environment pH can effectively mitigate the degradation.

国庆杂感

我们伟大的国庆十周年到来了,全国人民都在不同的战线上以新的生产建设的成绩来迎接它、祝贺它.十年来在工业农业人民生活和社会的道德精神面貌等方面都有了显著的改变,完成了很多前人从未作过和未敢想过的事业.真是十年胜过千百年.我们煤矿设计工作也和全国很多其他事业一样,经历了一个从无到有,由小到大,蓬勃发展的道路.回想起设计院成立之初,所有同志几乎都未曾系统地作过设计工作,很多人还缺乏煤矿的基本知识,不知道设计如何作,开拓方案考虑不好,埋藏量不会计算,特别是很多苏联光进技术经验从未听说过,更未看见过,什么“联锁闭塞”、

天津市大神堂贝类保护区贝类资源本底调查报告

天津市大神堂贝类保护区位于天津市汉沽区大神堂以南海域的大小砂岗及其边缘海域,为以下A、B、C、D四点连线内水域,面积约35平方公里。A、39°10’36"N、117°55’18"EB、39°10"36"N、117°59’36"EC、39°07’30"N、117°59’36"ED、39°07’30"N、117°55’18"E该海域水深5m左右,是扇贝、牡蛎等海洋生物的栖息场所,与周边海域相比具有独特的生态环境和海洋生物资源,保护区内有西南东北方向的椭圆形砂岗,椭圆形砂岗的中间存在一条宽度50～100m的粉质砂质粘土带。为了更好的保护、增殖贝类资源,我们于2003年10月28～29日对保护区内贝类资源进行了本底调查。

阳光下的金银花

假期,和朋友龙君驾车到长港雷家摘金银花。久雨初晴。如云似烟的浓雾,把远山近水涂抹得影影绰绰,似一首朦胧诗。一路上,鸟鸣不绝于耳。有傻唱＂滴溜溜＂的,有假哭＂哥哥恶＂的,有取笑＂鸡脚拐＂的,有瞎喊＂布谷＂的,有谎报＂雨掉＂的,啼叫声五花八门如同一场小丑演唱会。过双林寺,穿九里岗,雷家村口那座＂剑溪世家＂古门楼出现在眼前。大门两旁＂鸡山凤舞,剑水龙飞＂的对联格外醒目,简直就是此情此景的写照。

Temperature effect on the sensitivity of the copepod Eucyclops serrulatus （Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida） to agricultural pollutants in the hyporheic zone

The sensitivity of freshwater invertebrates to agricultural pollutants is supposed to increase with rising temperature due to global warming. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of temperature on the lethal toxicity of ammonia-N, the herbicide Imazamox and the mixture of the two chemicals, in the adults and the juveniles of a population of the copepod Eucyc- lops serrulatus. This is a widely distributed species found in surface waters, in transitional habitats between surface water and groundwater, and in genuine groundwater environments. We tested the sensitivity by short-term bioassays （96 h） at 15℃ and 18℃, respectively. Our results highlighted the following： （1） increasing temperature affected the sensitivity of the adults to am- monia-N and of the juveniles to the mixture, all of which were more sensitive to its detrimental effects at 18~C; （2） the juvenile stages were more sensitive than the adults to all toxicants, and （3） for all combinations of chemicals and temperatures, the effects were synergistic and approximately one order of magnitude greater than those expected according to a concentration addition model when comparing the LC50 for each chemical in the mixture with the LC50s of chemicals individually assayed. Overall, in a context of global change, ammonia-N and mixtures of agricultural pollutants may affect the survival rate of species that spend a part or the whole life-cycle in the hyporheic habitat, with detrimental effects to biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by the hyporheic biota [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 629~540, 2015].