This study aimed to examine the effect of different disinfection methods on the callus of Amorphophallus albus in the tissue culture and rapid propagation system.The calluses induced from buds of A.albus were disinfec...This study aimed to examine the effect of different disinfection methods on the callus of Amorphophallus albus in the tissue culture and rapid propagation system.The calluses induced from buds of A.albus were disinfected with benzalkonium bromide,mercury bichloride,sodium hypochlorite,and ethanol,respectively,for different time periods.The growth of calluses was compared between different treatments and observed in detail by dissection.The results showed that the disinfection with 0.1% mercury bichloride for 5 min and 75% ethanol for 5 s had mild effect on the callus,with the lowest browning rates of 16.32% and 15.46% and the lowest vitrification rates of 3.24% and 9.72%,respectively,after 20 d.The disinfection with benzalkonium bromide and sodium hypochlorite had strong effect on the callus cells,with the lowest browning rate of 50.69% and 25.12% and the lowest vitrification rates of 28.47% and 28.43%,respectively.The cytological observation result showed that the calluses disinfected with ethanol and mercury bichloride showcased compact structures,while those disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and benzalkonium bromide exhibited loose structures.To sum up,it is recommended that 75% ethanol or 0.1% mercury bichloride can be used for disinfection in the tissue culture and rapid propagation of A.albus,while the use of benzalkonium bromide and sodium hypochlorite should be avoided as much as possible.展开更多
This study presents bulk chemical compositions of the Tongmuling soil profile, which developed on dolostone, and the overlying strata covering the bedrock in the central Guizhou province(southern China). The chemical ...This study presents bulk chemical compositions of the Tongmuling soil profile, which developed on dolostone, and the overlying strata covering the bedrock in the central Guizhou province(southern China). The chemical weathering characteristics of the studied profile were investigated and the inheritance relationships between the terra rossa and overlying strata were discussed. The results show that there is no remarkable variation in the major elements and weathering indices from the rock–soil interface to the topsoil, indicating that the studied profile was not typical for in situ crustal chemical weathering. The terra rossa were mainly composed of Si O_2, Al_2O_3 and Fe_2O_3. Compared with the insoluble residues and overlying strata, the terra rossa are characterized by an enrichment of Y and Cs and depletion of Ba and Sr. The subsoil shows a notable Ce negative anomaly, characterized by heavy rare earth element enrichment(L/H = 1.55–3.74), whereas the topsoil shows a positive Ce anomaly with light rare earth element enrichment(L/H = 5.93–9.14). According to Laterite-forming capacity estimates, the terra rossa could not have only been formed from acid-insoluble residues from the bedrock; Al_2O_3 versus Fe_2O_3and Nb plotted against Ta show significant positive correlations between the terra rossa and overlying strata. The Eu/Eu* versusGd_N/Yb_Nand ternary diagrams for Sc, Th, Zr, and Ta suggest that the overlying strata could also provide parent materials for the genesis of terra rossa.展开更多
Three new species of fossil woods are reported from the Upper,Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous in southeastern Mongolia, including Protaxodioxylon mongolense sp. nov. Circoporoxylon mongolen.;e sp. nov. Protocircoporoylon...Three new species of fossil woods are reported from the Upper,Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous in southeastern Mongolia, including Protaxodioxylon mongolense sp. nov. Circoporoxylon mongolen.;e sp. nov. Protocircoporoylon mongolense sp. nov. The anatomical characters of three new species are described in detail.展开更多
Research on selection of superior breeding infraspecies Gyrinops versteegii （Gilg） Domke aims to select an infraspecies of G. versteegii having internal factors that affect the quality and quantity of production aro...Research on selection of superior breeding infraspecies Gyrinops versteegii （Gilg） Domke aims to select an infraspecies of G. versteegii having internal factors that affect the quality and quantity of production aromatic resin or agarwood. The internal factors are variations in wood anatomy, phytochemicals and agarwood of infraspecies G. versteegii. Of five local populations taken from West Lombok Island in Indonesia, the research areas are geographically located at coordinates： 8°15′-8°40′ South Latitude and 116°00′-116°20′East Longitude. Quality and quantity of agarwood production is influenced by internal factors of eaglewood trees, such as high starch production and the size of the cells making up the larger wood tissue. Infraspecies G. versteegii that have quality and quantity production of aromatic resin （the best agarwood） is Beringin group and the highest quantity of agarwood production （agarwood formation on the whole organ） is Soyun group.展开更多
Viruses including baculoviruses are obligatory parasites, as their genomes do not encode all the proteins required for replication. Therefore, viruses have evolved to exploit the behavior and the physiology of their h...Viruses including baculoviruses are obligatory parasites, as their genomes do not encode all the proteins required for replication. Therefore, viruses have evolved to exploit the behavior and the physiology of their hosts and olden coevolved with their hosts over millions of years. Recent comparative analyses of complete genome sequences of baculoviruses revealed the patterns of gene acquisitions and losses that have occurred during baculovirus evolution. In addition, knowledge of virus genes has also provided understanding of the mechanism of baculovirus infection including replication, species-specific virulence and host range. The Bm8 gene of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus （NPV） and its homologues are found only in group I NPV genomes. The Autographa californica NPV Ac 16 gene is a homologue of Bm8 and, encodes a viral structural protein. It has been shown that BmS/Ac 16 interacts with baculoviral and cellular proteins. BmS/Ac 16 interacts with baculoviral IE1 that is facilitated by coiled coil domains, and the interaction with IE1 is important for Bin8 function. Acl6 also forms a complex with viral FP25 and cellular actin and associates with membranes via palmitoylation. These data suggested that this gene family encodes a multifunctional protein that accomplishes specific needs of group I NPVs.展开更多
文摘This study aimed to examine the effect of different disinfection methods on the callus of Amorphophallus albus in the tissue culture and rapid propagation system.The calluses induced from buds of A.albus were disinfected with benzalkonium bromide,mercury bichloride,sodium hypochlorite,and ethanol,respectively,for different time periods.The growth of calluses was compared between different treatments and observed in detail by dissection.The results showed that the disinfection with 0.1% mercury bichloride for 5 min and 75% ethanol for 5 s had mild effect on the callus,with the lowest browning rates of 16.32% and 15.46% and the lowest vitrification rates of 3.24% and 9.72%,respectively,after 20 d.The disinfection with benzalkonium bromide and sodium hypochlorite had strong effect on the callus cells,with the lowest browning rate of 50.69% and 25.12% and the lowest vitrification rates of 28.47% and 28.43%,respectively.The cytological observation result showed that the calluses disinfected with ethanol and mercury bichloride showcased compact structures,while those disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and benzalkonium bromide exhibited loose structures.To sum up,it is recommended that 75% ethanol or 0.1% mercury bichloride can be used for disinfection in the tissue culture and rapid propagation of A.albus,while the use of benzalkonium bromide and sodium hypochlorite should be avoided as much as possible.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grants No.2006CB403202)
文摘This study presents bulk chemical compositions of the Tongmuling soil profile, which developed on dolostone, and the overlying strata covering the bedrock in the central Guizhou province(southern China). The chemical weathering characteristics of the studied profile were investigated and the inheritance relationships between the terra rossa and overlying strata were discussed. The results show that there is no remarkable variation in the major elements and weathering indices from the rock–soil interface to the topsoil, indicating that the studied profile was not typical for in situ crustal chemical weathering. The terra rossa were mainly composed of Si O_2, Al_2O_3 and Fe_2O_3. Compared with the insoluble residues and overlying strata, the terra rossa are characterized by an enrichment of Y and Cs and depletion of Ba and Sr. The subsoil shows a notable Ce negative anomaly, characterized by heavy rare earth element enrichment(L/H = 1.55–3.74), whereas the topsoil shows a positive Ce anomaly with light rare earth element enrichment(L/H = 5.93–9.14). According to Laterite-forming capacity estimates, the terra rossa could not have only been formed from acid-insoluble residues from the bedrock; Al_2O_3 versus Fe_2O_3and Nb plotted against Ta show significant positive correlations between the terra rossa and overlying strata. The Eu/Eu* versusGd_N/Yb_Nand ternary diagrams for Sc, Th, Zr, and Ta suggest that the overlying strata could also provide parent materials for the genesis of terra rossa.
文摘Three new species of fossil woods are reported from the Upper,Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous in southeastern Mongolia, including Protaxodioxylon mongolense sp. nov. Circoporoxylon mongolen.;e sp. nov. Protocircoporoylon mongolense sp. nov. The anatomical characters of three new species are described in detail.
文摘Research on selection of superior breeding infraspecies Gyrinops versteegii （Gilg） Domke aims to select an infraspecies of G. versteegii having internal factors that affect the quality and quantity of production aromatic resin or agarwood. The internal factors are variations in wood anatomy, phytochemicals and agarwood of infraspecies G. versteegii. Of five local populations taken from West Lombok Island in Indonesia, the research areas are geographically located at coordinates： 8°15′-8°40′ South Latitude and 116°00′-116°20′East Longitude. Quality and quantity of agarwood production is influenced by internal factors of eaglewood trees, such as high starch production and the size of the cells making up the larger wood tissue. Infraspecies G. versteegii that have quality and quantity production of aromatic resin （the best agarwood） is Beringin group and the highest quantity of agarwood production （agarwood formation on the whole organ） is Soyun group.
文摘Viruses including baculoviruses are obligatory parasites, as their genomes do not encode all the proteins required for replication. Therefore, viruses have evolved to exploit the behavior and the physiology of their hosts and olden coevolved with their hosts over millions of years. Recent comparative analyses of complete genome sequences of baculoviruses revealed the patterns of gene acquisitions and losses that have occurred during baculovirus evolution. In addition, knowledge of virus genes has also provided understanding of the mechanism of baculovirus infection including replication, species-specific virulence and host range. The Bm8 gene of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus （NPV） and its homologues are found only in group I NPV genomes. The Autographa californica NPV Ac 16 gene is a homologue of Bm8 and, encodes a viral structural protein. It has been shown that BmS/Ac 16 interacts with baculoviral and cellular proteins. BmS/Ac 16 interacts with baculoviral IE1 that is facilitated by coiled coil domains, and the interaction with IE1 is important for Bin8 function. Acl6 also forms a complex with viral FP25 and cellular actin and associates with membranes via palmitoylation. These data suggested that this gene family encodes a multifunctional protein that accomplishes specific needs of group I NPVs.
