层合板复合材料的层间剪切强度评价方法及其改进研究

针对国际上目前主要使用的双切口拉伸 /压缩式层间剪切试验方法存在的问题 ,吸收了拉伸与压缩式试验方法各自的优点 ,对试验夹具及试验片形状与尺寸进行了改进设计 ,提出了双切口开孔拉伸式新的层间剪切强度测试、评价方法。以玻璃纤维平纹织物 /环氧树脂复合材料层合板为试验材料对改进后的试验方法进行了实验及有限元分析。实验发现 ,表观层间剪切强度随槽间距的减小而有增大的趋势。通过有限元分析 ,对实验结果进行了解释 ,并确立了可获得真实层间剪切强度的最佳试验片尺寸。

薄壁壳体结构与实心杆件受剪力作用下应力差别分析

在实施涡桨发动机拉力直接测量时,需对发动机安装节支座进行应变计改装与分析,发现该支座剪切应变的分布形式与实心拉杆(推力销)的分布形式差距较大,分析原因可能是由于两者的结构形式不同所造成的。基于材料力学知识对安装节支座及推力销进行力学简化,将安装节支座简化为薄壁壳体结构,将推力销简化为实心杆件。推导得到两种结构在受到剪力作用时的剪切应变分布形式及特点。并对安装节支座进行数值仿真计算,在此基础上进行了应变计改装方案设计,为后续在薄壁壳体上进行应变计改装工作提供理论依据及指导。

钢管混凝土界面抗剪粘结滑移力学性能试验

为探讨钢管混凝土界面抗剪粘结滑移性能,研究钢管混凝土界面应力分布规律,确定界面抗剪粘结应力和粘结滑移本构关系,进行了方、圆钢管混凝土试件的纵向抗剪粘结性能试验研究,试验结果表明:钢管纵向应变沿长度方向基本成呈三角形分布,粘结应力沿钢管混凝土界面均匀分布;方、圆钢管混凝土界面粘结—滑移曲线具有相似的变化规律,圆钢管混凝土界面抗剪粘结强度较方钢管混凝土要大,基于试验结果,提出了平均粘结应力和相对滑移的本构关系。分析比较了钢管混凝土界面粘接性能的主要影响因素,粘结强度受混凝土强度的影响不明显;随混凝土龄期的增大而略有增大;随钢管长径比的增大而增大;随钢管径厚比(宽厚比)的增大而减小。

微气泡层减阻的边界层模型计算

以流体中光滑平板为例 ,建立微气泡层覆盖平板的气液简单边界层模型 ,采用平板层流理论 ,对给定的气泡喷射参数和流体特性参数计算了微气泡层状态下平板的摩擦阻力 ,结果显示微气泡层对平板有明显减阻效果 ;

喷射精炼过程炉衬侵蚀模拟研究──Ⅳ.从炉衬的机械冲蚀研究复吹转炉的合理炉型

在复吹转炉所受剪切应力和冲击应力分布的模型实验研究基础上，本文研究了不同炉型的炉衬所受剪切应力分布，为合理选用炉型提供依据.实验结果表明，底吹对延长转炉炉衬寿命有利，转炉下部形状的合理性可以减少流动死区和降低液面波动；还表明在复吹转炉内接近钢液面的炉衬所受侵蚀最为严重．在受损最严重的地方可以采用特殊材质的炉衬或使炉壁向上呈有扩张趋势的梨状炉型，来达到减少炉壁受侵蚀的速度.

Measurement of surface shear stress vector distribution using shear-sensitive liquid crystal coatings

The global wall shear stress measurement technique using shear-sensitive liquid crystal (SSLC) is extended to wind tunnel measurements. Simple and common everyday equipment is used in the measurement; in particular a tungsten-halogen light bulb provides illumination and a saturation of SSLC coating color change with time is found. Spatial wall shear stress distributions of several typical flows are obtained using this technique, including wall-jet flow, vortex flow generated by a delta wing and junction flow behind a thin cylinder, although the magnitudes are not fully calibrated. The results demonstrate that SSLC technique can be extended to wind tunnel measurements with no complicated facilities used.

Three-Dimensional Bursting Phenomena in Meander Channel

Experiments were conducted in a U-shaped open-channel flume with the intention of investigating the bursting phenomena in the meander channel. The experimental results of the secondary flow fields and the Reynolds shear stress distributions show that the velocity and velocity fluctuation in the transverse direction are not negligible. Moreover, the bursting process is investigated using the three-dimensional quadrant analysis, which is more accurate than using the traditional two-dimensional quadrant analysis for the meandering channel. It is obtained from the experimental results that the internal group of events occurs more frequently than the external group, particularly the internal ejection and internal sweep events. In addition, the transition probabilities of the movements, which are defined as the changes of events from the current situation to the next situation in a time series, show that the stable organizations of events are the most possible movements, whereas the cross organizations of events have the least possible movements.

Effects of slip condition on MHD stagnation-point flow over a power-law stretching sheet

The steady two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic stagnation flow towards a nonlinear stretching surface is studied. The no-slip condition on the solid boundary is replaced with a partial slip condition. A scaling group transformation is used to get the invariants. Using the invariants, a third-order ordinary differential equation corresponding to the momentum is obtained. An analytical solution is obtained in a series form using a homotopy analysis method. Reliability and efficiency of series solutions are shown by the good agreement with numerical results presented in the literature. The effects of the slip parameter, the magnetic field parameter, the velocity ratio parameter, the suction velocity parameter, and the power law exponent on the flow are investigated. The results show that the velocity and shear stress profiles are greatly influenced by these parameters.

Effects of Bulbous Bow on Cross-Flow Vortex Structures Around a Streamlined Submersible Body at Intermediate Pitch Maneuver： A Numerical Investigation

在在一个中间的入射角的优化身体附近的一块流动地被跨流动的分离和旋涡的流动地统治。分开的流动在身体的 leeside 上导致一双旋涡；因此，精确地决定这对并且估计它的尺寸和地点是必要的。这研究基于 RANS 方程利用基于元素的有限体积方法在 SUBOFF 赤裸的 submarined 壳附近计算 3D axisymmetric 流动。跨流动的旋涡结构然后数字地与 SUBOFF 和 DRDC STR 弓为一艘潜水艇被模仿并且比较。计算结果迫使并且砍旋涡结构的壳表面和力量和地点上的压力分发在 20 的一个中间的发生角度被介绍？？

Theory and calculation of stress transfer between fiber and matrix

For the better use of composites and a deeper insight into the fracture propagation and stress transfer of the interface between fiber and matrix, a theoretical solution of closed form is presented with the assumed bilinear local bond-slip law and a parabolic shear stress distribution along the thickness of the matrix. The load-displacement relationship and interfacial shear stress are obtained for four loading stages. Finally, the effects of Young's modulus of fiber(matrix) and bond length on the performance of the interface are illustrated.

Residual Stress and Deformation Analysis of Static Bonding Multi-layer Pyrex7740 Glass and Aluminum

Residual stresses and deformation of static bonding multi-layer Pyrex7740 glass and aluminum have important effects on performances of bonding parts. The stress and strain finite element analysis of anodic bonding can optimize the structure and process design, reduce the workload of the experiments, shorten the production cycle, improve the bonding quality, and reduce the process costs. In this paper, residual stresses and deformation in the static bonding two-layer(glass/aluminum), three-layer(glass/aluminum/glass),five-layer(glass/aluminum/glass/aluminum/glass)and seven-layer(glass/aluminum/glass/aluminum/glass/aluminum/glass) samples have been analyzed using nonlinear finite element simulation software MARC. The simulation results show that the shear stress distribution and deformation distribution in different multi-layer glass and aluminum samples are similar. The stress distribution along thickness at different typical positions in all multi-layer samples has characteristics of pulse pattern, which has pulse peak at the position of transition layers and then decreases abruptly to the minimum value at the positions of glass and aluminum. The maximum shear stress is located in the outside surface area in the transition layer between the top unconstrained glass layer and aluminum layer. The displacement distribution along thickness in all multi-layer samples increases gradually from the constrained bottom glass layer to the top unconstrained glass layer with abrupt step increase in the aluminum layers. The maximum deformations occur in aluminum layers. It is found that the minimum deformation distortion and the minimum shear stress occur in the three-layer static bonding sample.

切口类型变化对复合材料双切口层间剪切强度的影响规律研究

利用三维有限元模型和试验对复合材料双切口试件层间剪切强度进行了研究,通过改变双切口试件的切口类型(标准双切口、半V型切口和V型切口),对比分析切口类型变化对试件剪切面应力水平、破坏模式和剪切强度的影响,对侧面夹具为Hopkinson金属棒的半V型切口试件剪切面应力水平进行了分析。结果表明,三种切口类型的试验都不是单纯、均匀的剪切强度试验:标准双切口(DNS)试件剪切面剪应力分布不均匀,横向压应力较大,它仅能得到复合材料的表观层间剪切强度;半V型切口(0.5DVS)试件剪切面剪应力分布最不均匀,横向压应力较小,所得剪切强度偏小;V型切口(DVS)试件剪切面剪应力分布最均匀,但横向压应力较大。DNS试件和0.5DVS试件破坏模式为单纯剪切破坏,两者所测剪切强度离散性相对较小,而DVS试件破坏时初始失效点不在剪切面上,存在二次失效,所测剪切强度离散性较大。综上所述,DNS试件最适合静态层间剪切强度测试。与含Hopkinson金属棒的试件相比,改变切口类型的试件之所以不能改善剪切面的应力水平,是由输入输出区刚度偏小造成的。

The simulation of multiphase flow field in implantable blood pump and analysis of hemolytic capability

The numerical simulation of the axial flow impeller blood pump NIVADIII is carried out by using a CFD multiphase flow model. The hydrodynamic performance of the pump and the flow field in the pump are analyzed, and the shear stress distribution is obtained. A hemolytic prediction model based on the shear stress is built based on the calculation results, and it can be used for quantitative predictions of the hemolytic behavior of a blood pump. Hemolysis tests in vitro were performed 6 times with fresh bovine blood. At each time, the flow of the pump NIVADIII is 5 L/min and the outflow tract pressure is 100 mmHg. According to the tests, the plasma free hemoglobin (FHB) content and the hematocrit (HCT) are measured after 0 s, 0.5 s, 1 s, 1.5 s, …4 s. At the end of each experiment Normal Index of Hemolysis (NIH) of NIVADIII is calculated. The average of NIH is 0.0055 g/100L, almost identical with that obtained from the hemolytic prediction model. This method can be applied in the selection stage of a blood pump.

EFFECTS OF PARENT ARTERY SEGMENTATION AND ANEURISMALWALL ELASTICITY ON PATIENT-SPECIFIC HEMODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS

It is well known that hemodynamics and wall tension play an important role in the formation,growth and rupture of aneurysms.In the present study,the authors investigated the influence of parent artery segmentation and aneurismal-wall elasticity on patient-specific hemodynamic simulations with two patient-specific cases of cerebral aneurysms.Realistic models of the aneurysms were constructed from 3-D angiography images and blood flow dynamics was studied under physiologically representative waveform of inflow.For each aneurysm three computational models were constructed:Model 1 with more extensive upstream parent artery with the rigid arterial and aneurismal wall,Model 2 with the partial upstream parent artery with the elastic arterial and aneurismal wall,Model 3 with more extensive upstream parent artery with the rigid wall for arterial wall far from the aneurysm and the elastic wall for arterial wall near the aneurysm.The results show that Model 1 could predict complex intra-aneurismal flow patterns and wall shear stress distribution in the aneurysm,but is unable to give aneurismal wall deformation and tension,Model 2 demonstrates aneurismal wall deformation and tension,but fails to properly model inflow pattern contributed by the upstream parent artery,resulting in local misunderstanding Wall Shear Stress (WSS) distribution,Model 3 can overcome limitations of the former two models,and give an overall and accurate analysis on intra-aneurismal flow patterns,wall shear stress distribution,aneurismal-wall deformation and tension.Therefore we suggest that the proper length of extensive upstream parent artery and aneurismal-wall elasticity should be considered carefully in establishing computational model to predict the intra-aneurismal hemodynamic and wall tension.

Experimental Investigation of Flow Instabilities in a Laminar Separation Bubble

The present paper reports the results of a detailed experimental study aimed at investigating the dynamics of a laminar separation bubble, from the origin of separation up to the breakdown to turbulence of the large scale coherent structures generated as a consequence of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability process. Measurements have been performed along a flat plate installed within a double contoured test section, designed to produce an adverse pressure gradient typical of Ultra-High-Lift turbine blade profiles, which induces the formation of a laminar separation bubble at low Reynolds number condition. Measurements have been carried out by means of complementary techniques: hot-wire(HW) anemometry, Laser Doppler Velocimetry(LDV) and Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV). The high accuracy 2-dimensional LDV results allow investigating reverse flow magnitude and both Reynolds normal and shear stress distributions along the separated flow region, while the high frequency response of the HW anemometer allows analyzing the amplification process of flow oscillations induced by instability mechanisms. PIV results complement the flow field analysis providing information on the generation and evolution of the large scale coherent structures shed as a consequence of the separated shear layer roll-up, through instantaneous velocity vector maps. The simultaneous analysis of the data obtained by means of the different measuring techniques allows an in depth view of the instability mechanisms involved in the transition/reattachment processes of the separated shear layer.