聚氨酯泡沫塑料动态剪切力学行为的研究

通过大型精密分段式Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ 扭杆实验装置对聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行了动态扭转实验，研究了聚氨酯泡沫塑料在剪切应力波加载下的力学行为，得到了这类材料的动态剪切应力应变曲线和动态力学性能参数。此外，针对动态扭转破坏试件断口进行了扫描电镜分析，研究了泡沫塑料动态剪切破坏的机制。还给出了同准静态扭转实验结果的比较。

风暴过程中潮滩悬沙浓度和悬沙输运的变化及其动力机制——以长江三角洲南汇潮滩为例

悬沙浓度是淤泥质海岸重要的环境指标。为探讨潮滩悬沙浓度和悬沙输运对风暴事件的响应过程及其动力机制,于2014年9月"凤凰"台风过境前、中、后在长江三角洲南汇潮滩进行了现场观测,获得同步高分辨率的水深、波高、近底流速和浊度剖面时间序列(9个潮周期)。结果表明,风暴中平均和最大波高、波-流联合底床剪切应力、悬沙浓度和悬沙输运率可比平静天气高数倍;风暴期间高潮位低流速阶段悬沙沉降导致近底发育数十厘米厚的浮泥层(悬沙浓度大于10g/L)。研究认为风暴事件中淤泥质海岸悬沙浓度和悬沙输运的剧烈变化其根本动力机制是风暴把巨大能量传递给近岸水体,进而显著增大波-流联合底床剪切应力,导致细颗粒泥沙再悬浮。

台风“山竹”过境期间伶仃洋潮流悬移质变化研究

针对台风过境期间伶仃洋潮流悬移质变化特征及其机理,根据珠江河口原型观测站在“山竹”台风期间的实测气象和水文数据,对比分析台风过境前与过境期间伶仃洋流速流向、波高和含沙量的变化特征。通过计算波浪剪切应力与波-流联合剪切应力,分析悬移质与波浪和潮流的响应机制。研究结果显示,台风期间的风、潮流、波浪、含沙量和输沙量较平常条件时呈倍数增长,水域的平面流速分布和垂向流速结构均发生明显改变。波-流联合剪切应力与含沙量呈明显正相关,受台风影响,波-流联合剪切应力急剧增大,掀起河床底部泥沙颗粒,是水体含沙量快速增大的主要原因。

Study on Shock Wave and Turbulent Boundary Layer Interactions in a Square Duct at Mach 2 and 4

In this paper, the outline of the Mach 4 supersonic wind tunnel for the investigation of the supersonic internal flows in ducts was firstly described. Secondly, the location, structure and characteristics of the Mach 2 and Mach 4 pseudo-shock waves in a square duct were investigated by color schlieren photographs and duct wall pressure fluctuation measurements. Finally, the wall shear stress distributions on the side, top and bottom walls of the square duct with the Mach 4 pseudo-shock wave were investigated qualitatively by the shear stress-sensitive liquid crystal visualization method. The side wall boundary layer separation region under the first shock is narrow near the top wall, while the side wall boundary layer separation region under the first shock is very wide near the bottom wall.