聚合物在低剪切流量控制阀内的流态判别与数值模拟

通过流变性实验,认为聚合物溶液符合非牛顿流体幂率模式,建立了非牛顿流体在环形空间内的流态判别模型.运用FLUENT软件进行数值模拟,研究了聚合物溶液在低剪切流量控制阀内的流动规律和不同配注量下产生的节流压差.结果表明,低剪切流量控制阀具有较好的节流作用,产生的节流压差能够满足扩张式封隔器的坐封条件.实验数据表明,流量在33～62m3/d间的节流压差达到5.98 MPa,黏度保留率达到90％以上.

润滑剂热作用对流量因子的影响

研究了润滑剂的热作用对用于混合润滑分析的流量因子的影响。在利用自编程序产生了具有不同纹理方向的随机粗糙表面的基础上,使用扩展的气穴方程和润滑剂能量方程等分析了润滑剂的热作用对压力流量因子的影响。计算结果表明:在小膜厚比范围内,润滑剂的热作用一般会使压力流量因子增加而使剪切流量因子减小;在大膜厚比范围内,润滑剂的热作用对流量因子的影响可以忽略不计。因此,Patir-Cheng给出的流量因子在小膜厚比范围内应需修正。

粗糙表面上微凸体间气穴对流量因子的影响

研究了粗糙表面上微凸体间气穴对用于混合润滑分析的流量因子的影响。在利用自编程序产生了具有不同纹理方向的随机粗糙表面的基础上,使用扩展的气穴方程分析了微凸体间气穴对压力流量因子、剪切流量因子的影响。计算结果表明:气穴的存在,在小膜厚比范围内会使压力流量因子有所增加,而使剪切流量因子减小;在大膜厚比范围内,气穴对流量因子的影响可以忽略不计;而且气穴对流量因子的影响与粗糙表面的纹理方向有关。因此,微凸体间气穴对流量因子的影响应加以考虑。

粗糙表面上微织构对流量因子的影响

为研究混合润滑条件下粗糙表面上微织构对流量因子的影响,在不同表面纹理方向的高斯随机粗糙表面的基础上,建立不同织构参数的几何模型,通过数值求解雷诺方程,研究织构的面密度及深宽比对压力流量因子、剪切流量因子的影响。结果表明:压力流量因子和剪切流量因子随着表面织构面密度和深宽比的增大而增大,且随着深宽比的增加,压力流量因子增大的幅度逐渐减小;在各向同性、横向纹理及纵向纹理表面下,表面织构的面密度和深宽比对压力流量因子和剪切流量因子的影响大致相同。

齿轮泵齿轮端面润滑性能的有效改善

为提高外啮合齿轮泵齿轮端面间隙内的润滑性能,提出了旨在强化其内动压效应的设计方法,结合加工简单的基本要求,以主从动齿轮的两轴心在浮动侧板内侧面上的投影点为基准,将浮动侧板内侧面分成上中下3大区域,其中,上下两区域的倾斜角由油膜最佳承载量条件来计算;中间区域为平行面,主要起密封作用。结果表明:提出的组合油楔结构以及推导出的斜面倾斜角,简单实用,加工方便;采用36°的密封区和根圆处的1.25最佳收敛比,具有更大的油膜力和剪切流量,并提高容积效率等。

胶凝原油启动屈服值正交试验

管流试验装置的试验研究表明 ,原油启动屈服值不仅与温度密切相关 ,还与预剪切流量、静态温降幅度、启动流量等存在一定的关系。利用正交试验统计方法分析了各个因素对胶凝原油启动屈服值的影响。分析结果表明 ,影响启动屈服值的各个因素重要性的排序为 ,启动时的试验温度、静态降温幅度。

Numerical Analysis on Magnetic-induced Shear Modulus of Magnetorheological Elastomers Based on Multi-chain Model

Based on the magnetic interaction energy, using derivative of the magnetic energy density, a model is proposed to compute the magnetic-induced shear modulus of magnetorheological elastomers. Taking into account the influences of particles in the same chain and the particles in all adjacent chains, the traditional magnetic dipole model of the magnetorheological elastomers is modified. The influence of the ratio of the distance etween adjacent chains to the distance between adjacent particles in a chain on the magnetic induced shear odulus is quantitatively studied. When the ratio is large, the multi-chain model is compatible with the single chain model, but when the ratio is small, the difference of the two models is significant and can not be neglected. Making certain the size of the columns and the distance between adjacent columns, after constructing the computational model of BCT structures, the mechanical property of the magnetorheological elastomers composed of columnar structures is analyzed. Results show that, conventional point dipole model has overrated the magnetic-induced shear modulus of the magnetorheological elastomers. From the point of increasing the magnetic-induced shear modulus, when the particle volume fraction is small, the chain-like structure exhibits better result than the columnar structure, but when the particle volume fraction is large,the columnar structure will be better.

Power consumption and flow field characteristics of a coaxial mixer with a double inner impeller

A coaxial mixer meeting the actual demand of a system with high and variable viscosity is investigated. It has an outer wall-scraping frame and a double inner impeller consisting of a four-pitched-blade turbine and Rushton turbine. The power consumption and flow field characteristics of the coaxial mixer in laminar and transitional flow are simulated numerically, and then the distribution of velocity field, shear rate and mass flow rate are analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the outer frame has little effect on the power consumption of the double inner impeller whether in laminar or transitional flow, whereas the inner combined impeller has a great effect on the power consumption of the outer frame. Compared with the single rotation mode, the power consumption of the outer frame will decrease in co-rotation mode and increase in counter-rotation mode. The velocity, shear rate and mass flow rate are relatively high near the inner impeller in all operating modes, and only under double-shaft agitation will the mixing performance near the free surface be improved.In addition, these distributions in the co-rotation and counter-rotation modes show little difference, but the co-rotation mode is recommended for the advantage of low power consumption.

Experimental Study on the Viscoelastic Behaviors of Debris Flow Slurry

The rheological properties of most liquid in nature are between liquids and solids, including both elastic changes and viscosity changes, that is socalled ＂viscoelastic＂. Dynamic oscillatory test was used to quantitatively study the distinct viscoelastic behaviors of debris flow slurry in the shear stress conditions for the first time in this study. The debris flow slurry samples were from Jiangjiagou Ravine, Yunnan Province, China. The experimental results were found that at the low and middle stages of shearing, when the angular velocity 09〈72.46 s-1, the loss modulus （G was greater than the storage modulus （G3, i.e. G＂〉G＇. At the late stage of shearing, when the angular velocity co-72.46 s-x, the storage modulus was greater than or equal to the loss G = G, tan -〈 1 （where phase-shift modulus, i.e. ＇ 〉 ＂ angle 5=G＂,/G3, and the debris flow slurry was in a gel state. Therefore, the progress of this experimental study further reveals the mechanism of hyperconcentrated debris flows with a high velocity on low-gradient ravines.

Enhancement in Magnetorheological Effect of Magnetorheological Elastomers by Surface Modification of Iron Particles

In order to obtain magnetorheological （MR） elastomers with high magnetorheological effect, a family of anisotropic rubber-based MR elastomers was developed using a new form of chemical modification. Three different kinds of surfactants, i.e. anionic, nonionic and compound surfactants, were employed separately to modify iron particles. The MR effect was evaluated by measuring the dynamic shear modulus of MR elastomer with a magneto-combined dynamic mechanical analyzer. Results show that the relative MR effect can be up to 188% when the iron particles are modified with 15% Span 80. Besides the surface activity of Span 80, however, such high modifying effect is partly due to the plasticizing effect of Span 80. Compared with the single surfactant, the superior surface activity of compound surfactant makes the relative MR effect reach 77% at a low content of 0.4%. Scanning electron microscope observation shows that the modification of compound surfactant results in perfect compatibility between particles and rubber matrix and special self-assembled structure of particles. Such special structure has been proved beneficial to the improvement of the relative MR effect.

Study on Low-Temperature Traction Behavior of a Space Lubricating Oil No.4116

The traction behavior of space lubricating oil No. 4116 was measured and analyzed at various oil inlet temperatures below 0 ℃ and various rolling speeds under normal loads by a test rig simulating the operating conditions of space bearings. A traction coefficient calculation model was presented. The rheological property and rheological parameters of the lubricant at a low oil inlet temperature were analyzed based on the Tevaarwerk-Johnson model. The results showed that the lubricating oil No. 4116 was sensitive to the rolling speed and had lower sensitivity to the normal load. This lubricating oil is more suitable for applications under high speed when it is used below 0 ℃. It behaves as an elastic-plastic fluid operating below 0 ℃. Both the average limiting shear stress and the average elastic shear modulus have a negative correlation with the rolling speed and oil inlet temperature and have a positive correlation with the normal load.

FLOW OF MICROPOLAR FLUID THROUGH CATHETERIZED ARTERY -- A MATHEMATICAL MODEL

In this paper, the flow of blood through catheterized artery with mild constriction at the outer wall is considered. The closed form solutions are obtained for velocity and microrotation components. The impedance （resistance to the flow） and wall shear stress are calculated. The effects of catheterization, coupling number, micropolar parameter, and height of the stenosis on impedance and wall shear stresses are discussed.

A Study on Reynolds Shear Stress Measurement by LDV

The measurement results by Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) are compared with the direct numerical simulation result by Eggels et al.[1] for a cylindrical pipe flow. In the case of a pipe flow, the bias error for mean velocity is very small, because the local turbulent intensity is very small all over the pipe cross section. However the difference of the combination of u’ and v’ have considerable effects on Reynolds shear stress. From our investigation, it is found that the selection of coincidence time that is a necessary parameter for combination of u’ and v’ is more important in obtaining the accurate Reynolds shear stress. The suitable coincidence time is selectal for a jet flow and the effectiveness of coincident bine method or equal time interval method with coincidence data is shown.

Blood flow of Carreau fluid in a tapered artery with mixed convection

This research is concerned with the mathematical modeling and analysis of blood flow in a tapered artery with stenosis. The analysis has been carried out in the presence of heat and mass transfer. Constitutive equation of Carreau fluid has been invoked in the mathematical formulation. The representation of blood flow is considered through an axially non-symmetrical but radially symmetric stenosis. Symmetry of the distribution of the wall, shearing stress and resistive impectartce and their growth with the developirtg stenosis is given due attention. Solutions have been obtained for the velocity, temperature, concentration, resistance impedance, wall shear stress and shearing stress at the stenosis throat. Graphical illustrations associated with the tapered arteries namely converging, diverging and non-tapered arteries are examined for different parameters of interest. Streamlines have been plotted and discussed.

Mixed convection analysis for blood flow through arteries on Williamson fluid model

In this paper, the blood flow through a tapered artery with a stenosis by considering axially non-symmetric but radially symmetric mild stenosis on blood flow characteris- tics is analyzed, assuming the flow is steady and blood is treated as Williamson fluid. The effects of mixed convection heat and mass transfer are also carried out. Perturbation solutions have been calculated for velocity, temperature, concentration, resistance impedance, wall shear stress and shearing stress at the stenosis throat. The graphical results of different types of tapered arteries （i.e. converging tapering, diverging tapering, non-tapered artery） have been examined for different parameters of interest. Streamlines have been plotted at the end of the paper.

Mathematical analysis of Phan-Thien-Tanner fluid model for blood in arteries

In the present paper, we have studied the blood flow through tapered artery with a stenosis. The non-Newtonian nature of blood in small arteries is analyzed mathematically by considering the blood as Phan-Thien-Tanner fluid. The representation for the blood flow is through an axially non-symmetrical but radially symmetric stenosis. Symmetry of the distribution of the wall shearing stress and resistive impedance and their growth with the developing stenosis is another important feature of our analysis. Exact solutions have been evaluated for velocity, resistance impedance, wall shear stress and shearing stress at the stenosis throat. The graphical results of different type of tapered arteries （i.e. converging tapering, diverging tapering, non-tapered artery） have been examined for different narameters of interest.