The carbon dioxide-water system was used to investigate the flowing gas-liquid metastable state. The experiment was carded out in a constant volume vessel with a horizontal circulation pipe and a peristaltic pump forc...The carbon dioxide-water system was used to investigate the flowing gas-liquid metastable state. The experiment was carded out in a constant volume vessel with a horizontal circulation pipe and a peristaltic pump forced CO2 saturated water to flow. The temperature and pressure were recorded. The results showed that some CO2 escaped from the water in the flow process and the pressure increased, indicating that the gas-liquid equilibrium was broken. The amount of escaped CO2 varied with flow speed and reached a limit in a few minutes, entitled dy- namic equilibrium. Temperature and liquid movement played the same important role in breaking the phase equilib- rium. Under the experimental conditions, the ratio of the excessive carbon dioxide in the gas phase to its thermody- namic equilibrium amount in the liquid could achieve 15%.展开更多
Deep adsorptive desulfurization of low sulfur content gasoline via zeolite is a promising process.Herein,the Cu~ⅠY~ⅢY zeolite was prepared and the effect of adsorption conditions and aromatics on the performance of ...Deep adsorptive desulfurization of low sulfur content gasoline via zeolite is a promising process.Herein,the Cu~ⅠY~ⅢY zeolite was prepared and the effect of adsorption conditions and aromatics on the performance of adsorptive desulfurization was studied.And the isothermal equilibrium and kinetics were also investigated.The results showed that upon using 10 m L of model oil and 0.2 g of the Cu~ⅠY~ⅢY adsorbent during the adsorption reaction,which was carried out at 323 K for 60 min,the benzothiophene(BT) desulfurization rate reached 98.4%.The impact of aromatics on the adsorptive desulfurization over the Cu~ⅠY~ⅢY zeolite decreased in the following order:ortho-xylene > meta-xylene > para-xylene.The equilibrium isotherm shows that the adsorption of benzothiophene over the as-prepared CuIYIIIY zeolite can be represented by the Langmuir model.And the kinetics can be more perfectly represented by the pseudo-second-order model than that of the pseudo-first-order one.The thermodynamic parameters(ΔG,ΔH) were both negative,which suggested that the adsorption process is monostratal,mass transfer controlled,spontaneous,and exothermic.展开更多
Electro-thermal accelerator uses high-voltage arc energy to heat the actuating medium, it being made from low-molecular weight material. Projectile acceleration is achieved by expansion of the actuating medium. Numeri...Electro-thermal accelerator uses high-voltage arc energy to heat the actuating medium, it being made from low-molecular weight material. Projectile acceleration is achieved by expansion of the actuating medium. Numerical method for calculating interior ballistics uses Lagrangian coordinates there the conservation of momentum and the energy balance are solved. A statement of the energy balance reflects the second law of thermodynamics. Lagrangian different grid and scheme for numerical calculation were used. Fully explicit scheme was employed. The solving includes two stability conditions： Courant and shock （artificial viscosity）. Numerical results were compared with the experimental research for pressure in the barrel in electro-thermal accelerator.展开更多
基金Supported by the NationaJ Natural Science Foundation of China （21106176）, President Fund of GUCAS （Y15101JY00）, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （2012T50155） and National Basic Research Program of China （2009CB219903）.
文摘The carbon dioxide-water system was used to investigate the flowing gas-liquid metastable state. The experiment was carded out in a constant volume vessel with a horizontal circulation pipe and a peristaltic pump forced CO2 saturated water to flow. The temperature and pressure were recorded. The results showed that some CO2 escaped from the water in the flow process and the pressure increased, indicating that the gas-liquid equilibrium was broken. The amount of escaped CO2 varied with flow speed and reached a limit in a few minutes, entitled dy- namic equilibrium. Temperature and liquid movement played the same important role in breaking the phase equilib- rium. Under the experimental conditions, the ratio of the excessive carbon dioxide in the gas phase to its thermody- namic equilibrium amount in the liquid could achieve 15%.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21276048)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (ZD201201)
文摘Deep adsorptive desulfurization of low sulfur content gasoline via zeolite is a promising process.Herein,the Cu~ⅠY~ⅢY zeolite was prepared and the effect of adsorption conditions and aromatics on the performance of adsorptive desulfurization was studied.And the isothermal equilibrium and kinetics were also investigated.The results showed that upon using 10 m L of model oil and 0.2 g of the Cu~ⅠY~ⅢY adsorbent during the adsorption reaction,which was carried out at 323 K for 60 min,the benzothiophene(BT) desulfurization rate reached 98.4%.The impact of aromatics on the adsorptive desulfurization over the Cu~ⅠY~ⅢY zeolite decreased in the following order:ortho-xylene > meta-xylene > para-xylene.The equilibrium isotherm shows that the adsorption of benzothiophene over the as-prepared CuIYIIIY zeolite can be represented by the Langmuir model.And the kinetics can be more perfectly represented by the pseudo-second-order model than that of the pseudo-first-order one.The thermodynamic parameters(ΔG,ΔH) were both negative,which suggested that the adsorption process is monostratal,mass transfer controlled,spontaneous,and exothermic.
文摘Electro-thermal accelerator uses high-voltage arc energy to heat the actuating medium, it being made from low-molecular weight material. Projectile acceleration is achieved by expansion of the actuating medium. Numerical method for calculating interior ballistics uses Lagrangian coordinates there the conservation of momentum and the energy balance are solved. A statement of the energy balance reflects the second law of thermodynamics. Lagrangian different grid and scheme for numerical calculation were used. Fully explicit scheme was employed. The solving includes two stability conditions： Courant and shock （artificial viscosity）. Numerical results were compared with the experimental research for pressure in the barrel in electro-thermal accelerator.
