试论音乐的力度结构——卡特《木管四重奏》练习曲No.7中力度的分析与认识

20世纪音乐有别于传统音乐的最重要的一点 ,就是对音乐的各个要素的作用的充分挖掘 ,其结果是在 2 0世纪音乐作品中呈现出更多的不为我们所知的各种音乐现象。卡特的这首《木管四重奏》练习曲 No.7中对力度的重视就是对一现象的典型。本文通过对这首作品的力度的各种特质及其作用进行分析 ,试图进一步认识和把握 2

20世纪钢琴音乐的力度结构特征

本文系笔者硕士学位论文《力度解析 :钢琴音乐力度结构的历史演变与理解诠释》中的一节。主要论述了 2 0世纪钢琴音乐力度结构的“序列化”、“偶然性”、“立体化” ,以及力度节奏的高频、力度域的空前扩大等方面的特征。

追求音乐作品的“本真”还是音乐作品“本身”——以肖邦钢琴作品《g小调第一叙事曲》力度结构为例

钢琴教学与演奏，追求良好音响是核心。我国现有钢琴教学和演奏中，重点是对音乐作品的“本真”寻求，笔者认为应将视角更多投向音乐作品“本身”。本文以肖邦的《g小调第一叙事曲》为例，从“力度结构力”入手，探讨挖掘音乐作品本身的重要意义，以及如何挖掘本身的内涵问题。

巩固总量调控成效 加大结构调整力度——下阶段我国宏观调控政策取向浅析

我国政府以整顿金融秩序为主旋律的加强宏观调控措施实施以来,已开始在经济生活中收到积极成效,集中表现在两个方面:一是治乱取得明显进展。

论实施“有力度”的积极财政政策:内涵解析与路径选择

中央经济工作会议提出积极财政政策要有力度,"有力度"应体现在力度大小适宜、力度结构合理、力度漏损较小三个方面。当前,进一步加大财政政策的扩张力度仍有必要性与可行性,但须以财政风险可控为上限。在总量扩张受限的情况下,优化积极财政政策的力度结构具有突出重要性,为此,要合理确定财政政策的发力重点并选择适当的政策工具组合。而要减少政策执行中的力度漏损,关键举措在于消除中间环节梗阻、盘活财政存量资金、强化财政法治约束。

贝多芬《“热情”奏鸣曲》演奏中的结构感觉

本文以贝多芬《“热情”奏鸣曲》第一乐章主部主题的分析为切入口,从材料结构、速度结构、力度结构等三个方面对整首作品进行论述,阐明了演奏中结构感觉的形成及其意义。

多重元素解·构——析贝多芬《f小调钢琴奏鸣曲》Op.2No.1第二乐章结构特征

创作于1794—1795年间的《f小调钢琴奏呜曲》Op．2，No．1系德国作曲家路德维希·凡·贝多芬Ludwig van Beethoven的早期作品之一。在这首题献给海顿的钢琴奏鸣曲的柔板乐章（Adagio）中，作品清晰的层次和严谨的结构具有浓郁的古典主义风格。作曲家对各音乐元素逻辑性的布局安排充分体现了他对音乐形式从宏观到微观之间联系的把握和独到处理。作为贝多芬第一首钢琴奏呜曲，该作品的风格和思想性对其之后的创作具有划时代的开端意义。

Effects of current density on microstructure and properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation ceramic coatings formed on 6063 aluminum alloy

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) ceramic coatings were fabricated in a silicate-based electrolyte with the addition of potassium fluorozirconate (K2ZrF6) on 6063 aluminum alloy, and the effects of current density on microstructure and properties of the PEO coatings were studied. It was found that pore density of the coatings decreased with increasing the current density. The tribological and hardness tests suggested that the ceramic coating produced under the current density of 15 A/dm2showed the best mechanical property, which matched well with the phase analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves proved that the coating obtained under 15 A/dm2 displayed the best anti-corrosion property, which was directly connected with morphologies of coatings.

Mechanical properties and electronic structures of MgCu_2, Mg_2Ca and MgZn_2 Laves phases by first principles calculations

Mechanical properties and electronic structure of MgCu2, Mg2 Ca and MgZn2 phases were investigated by means of first principles calculations from CASTEP program based on density functional theory（DFT）. The calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental and literature values. The calculated heat of formation and cohesive energies showed that MgCu2 has the strongest alloying ability and structural stability. Elastic constants of MgCu2, Mg2 Ca and MgZn2 were calculated, and the bulk moduli, shear moduli, elastic moduli and Poisson ratio were derived. The calculated results show that MgCu2, Mg2 Ca and MgZn2 are all ductile phases. Among the three phases, MgCu2 has the strongest stiffness and the plasticity of MgZn2 phase is the best. Melting points of the three phases were predicted using cohesive energy and elastic constants. Density of states（DOS）, Mulliken population, electron occupation number and charge density difference were discussed. Finally, Debye temperature was calculated and discussed.

The Calculation of Parameters for DNA Kinetic Structure Based on Monte-Carlo Multiple Integrals

Based on protein-DNA complex crystal structural data in up-to-date Nucleic Acid Database,the related parameters of DNA Kinetic Structure were investigated by Monte-Carlo Multiple Integrals on the base of modified DNA structure statistical mechanical model,and time complexity and precision were analyzed on the calculated results.

Effects of heat treatment temperature on oxidation behavior of glass-like carbon derived from acetone-furfural resin

Glass-like carbons （GCs） were prepared by carbonization of acetone-furfural resin in nitrogen atmosphere at 850℃, followed by heat treatment over a range of 1 200-2 500℃in inert atmosphere. The effect of heat treatment temperature （HTT） on the oxidation behavior was investigated by dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric analyses. The structure of GC was examined by X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and the morphologies of GC before and after oxidation were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. It is shown that the GC samples present peculiar oxidation behavior. The anti-oxidation behavior increases with increasing the HTT to 1 600 ℃, whereas decreases gradually thereafter. GC sample heat treated at 1 600℃ obtains relatively optimal anti-oxidation properties under this condition. During the oxidation, this material produces grid network matrix surface and numerous nodular residues on the surface, resulting in excellent resistance to the attack of oxygen atoms.

谈《迎风飘扬的旗》的情感表达

合唱是情感的艺术,它蕴含着丰富的内涵,熔铸了深层的审美情感和独特的艺术魅力。合唱歌曲《迎风飘扬的旗》的背景、题材宽厚,结构、旋律特点鲜明,情节内容明确丰富,情感内涵丰沛,词曲创作都充分体现出原创者对于作品理解所蕴含的爱国主义情感以及对党的建设事业的坚定信仰,是近年来合唱创作的一首佳作。

Assessment of Industrial Land Use Intensity: A Case Study of Beijing Economic-technological Development Area

In recent years, great economic output of land has been achieved in economic-technological development areas in China, but the intensity of land use in some of these areas is very low. The degree of the low intensity of land use needs to be evaluated. The current method of comprehensive evaluation and grading by one index system has the limitations due to the existence of differences between regions and industries. This paper evaluates industrial land use intensity by Total Factor Productivity (TFP) analysis, which not only measures the intensity but also illustrates the ef-ficiency of input factors. This method is applied to the Beijing Economic-technological Development Area (BDA). A comparison analysis on factor use efficiency and input structure of capital and labor between industries is also carried out in the absence of a labor-income ratio.

Research on reasonable winding angle of ribbons of Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessel

Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessels (FSRWPVs) are used in many important industry areas. There is no such kind of pressure vessel exploding on operation for its reasonable structure design. Many explosion experiments on Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessel showed that their limited load pressure is related to the winding angle of the steel ribbons. FSRWPVs with reasonable winding angle have better security and lower cost. Reasonable angels given at the end of this paper facilitate engineering design.

Mechanical characteristics and microcosmic mechanisms of granite under temperature loads

The relationships between mechanical characteristics of rock and microcosmic mechanism at high temperatures were investigated by MTS815, as well as the stress-strain behavior of granite under the action of temperatures ranging from room temperature to 1200 ℃. Based on a micropore structure analyzer and SEM, the changes in rock porosity and micro structural morphology of sample fractures and brittle-plastic characteristics under high temperatures were analyzed. The results are as follows： 1） Mechanical characteristics do not show obvious variations before 800 ℃; strength decreases suddenly after 800 ℃ and bearing capacity is almost lost at 1200 ℃. 2） Rock porosity increases with rising temperatures; the threshold temperature is about 800 ℃; at this temperature its effect is basically uniform with strength decreasing rapidly. 3） The failure type of granite is a brittle tensile fracture at temperatures below 800 ℃ which transforms into plasticity at temperatures higher than 800 ℃ and crystal formation takes place at this time. Chemical reactions take place at 1200 ℃. Failure of granite under high temperature is a common result of thermal stress as indicated by an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient, transformation to crystal formation of minerals and structural chemical reactions.

Thermal Structure of Glass Fiber Reinforce Plastic Support Structure

The assembled form of thick-wall glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) tube and 0Cr18Ni9 austenitic stainless steel pipes was designed as the radius thermal-insulating and load-supporting structure in cryogenic vessels. In order to study the thermal leakage and gap changes on the support structure, as well as radius temperature and stress distribution on GFRP tube, an experimental investigation has been taken. The results indicate that the support structure is proved to fit well as thermal-insulating and load-supporting part in cryo-genic vessels, furthermore has high security during cryogenic applications.

Transformation of microstructure and phase of disodium guanosine 5′-monophosphate: Thermodynamic perspectives

Microstructure and phase transformation of disodium guanosine 5′-monophosphate(5′-GMPNa_2) are extremely important for controlling the process and understanding the mechanism of crystallization. In this work, the thermodynamic properties of polymorphous 5′-GMPNa_2 especially the solubility were studied, the solubility results show that 5′-GMPNa_2 is more soluble in ethanol–water(E–W) than in isopropanol–water(I–W). The amorphous form of 5′-GMPNa_2 is more soluble than the crystalline form at the same mole fraction and temperature. Meanwhile, the crystalline forms and morphologies of the residual solids were characterized by PXRD and SEM. The results indicate that solid forms of 5′-GMPNa_2 transformed spontaneously from amorphous to crystalline when the ethanol proportion is ≥20%. In addition, increasing the pH facilitates the dissolution of 5′-GMPNa_2 and helps to maintain the crystalline form. The associated Gibbs free energy values were calculated to verify the trend of transformation from amorphous to crystalline 5′-GMPNa_2. These results should help to guide the industrial crystallization process and to obtain the crystalline form of 5′-GMPNa_2.

Behavior of concrete and concrete-filled circular steel tubular stub columns at constant high temperatures

Based on reanalyzing test results of uniaxial compressive behavior of concrete at constant high temperatures in China, with the compressive cube strength of concrete from 20 to 80 MPa, unified formulas for uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, strain at peak uniaxial compression and mathematical expression for unaxial compressive stress-strain relations for the concrete at constant high temperatures were studied. Furthermore, the axial stress-axial strain relations between laterally confined concrete under axial compression and multiaxial stress-strain relations for steel at constant high temperatures were studied. Finally, based on continuum mechanics, the mechanics model for concentric cylinders of circular steel tube with concrete core of entire section loaded at constant high temperatures was established. Applying elasto-plastic analysis method, a FORTRAN program was developed, and the concrete-filled circular steel tubular （CFST） stub colunms at constant high temperatures were analyzed. The analysis results are in agreement with the experiment ones from references.

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Liquid Phosphorus at High Temperature and Pressure

By performing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we have investigated the microstructure, dynamical and electronic properties of liquid phosphorus （P） under high temperature and pressure. In our simulations, the calculated coordination number （CN） changes discontinuously with density, and seems to increase rapidly after liquid P is compressed to 2.5 g/cm3. Under compression, liquid P shows the first-order liquid-liquid phase transition from the molecular liquid composed of the tetrahedral P4 molecules to complex polymeric form with three-dimensional network structure, accompanied by the nonmetal to metal transition of the electronic structure. The order parameters Q6 and Q4 are sensitive to the microstructural change of liquid P. By calculating diffusion coefficients, we show the dynamical anomaly of liquid P by compression. At lower temperatures, a maximum exists at the diffusion coefficients as a function of density; at higher temperatures, the anomalous behavior is weakened. The excess entropy shows the same phenomena as the diffusion coefficients. By analysis of the angle distribution functions and angular limited triplet correlation functions, we can clearly find that the Peierls distortion in polymeric form of liquid P is reduced by further compression.