碑帖结合之技法研究

碑帖结合是当今书法创作的潮流,也是时代的需要。在实践上,碑帖结合仍存在误区,在理论上也亟待总结。碑帖结合决不是一般意义上的简单嫁接或相加,它需要相对正确的取法对象和取舍尺度。近代书家对碑帖结合进行了种种探索,积累了大量的经验。本文对这些经验进行总结,并权衡利弊,分析得失,这对成功实现书法碑帖结合这一目标将具有重要的实践指导意义。

Experimental study on dynamic fracture behavior of three-point bending beam with double deformity inclusions

The dynamic fracture behavior of the three-point bending beam with double deformity inclusions under impact loading is studied by using digital high-speed photography in combination with the transmission-type dynamic caustic method. The experimental results indicate that the fluctuation of crack propagation velocity v first increases and then decreases in the crack propagation process. During the process of crack propagating into the inclusion area, the fracture resistance effect of the circular inclusion is the most significant and the effects of triangular and square inclusions are less obvious. The stress intensity factor near the crack tip increases during the propagation process and reaches its maximum value when the crack tip is close to the inclusions. The crack tip’s dynamic stress intensity factor （ DSIF） decreases when the crack exceeds the middle area of the double inclusions. These results provide an experimental basis and scientific foundation to strengthen the evaluation and fracture analysis of the structure containing deformity inclusions.

浅析弹奏莫扎特钢琴奏鸣曲时应注意的问题

在莫扎特钢琴奏呜曲的音乐语言中，他用不同的调性描述出不同的色彩。如在他的钢琴奏鸣曲中：C大调是庄严有力的，D大调是辉煌、壮丽的，A大调是抒情、明朗的，降E大调是富丽堂皇的……莫扎特把高雅脱俗的那波里乐派的旋律和沉思严谨的曼海姆乐派旋律融合成为自己的音乐语言。他把呆板单调的“阿尔贝梯”低音改变演化，使其分解和弦在高、低声部上轮回出现，并在和弦音之间穿插进许多经过音，增强旋律的美感，使其生动流畅。他吸取和发展了库普兰在古钢琴音乐中那精致典雅的装饰手法，将罗可可音乐中常用的八分音符和四分音符上的短小装饰音融化成为十六分音符或三十二分音符的长线条的经过句，成为旋律的不可分割部分。他创作出了莫扎特所独有的崭新语言，这些对后来的肖邦和其他作曲家都产生了巨大的影响。将着力对弹奏莫扎特钢琴奏鸣曲时应注意的问题进行简单的剖析。

论舒伯特艺术歌曲《魔王》中音色音量与速度力度的运用

笔者作为一名声乐教育者和演唱者,对舒伯特的声乐作品给予了很大的关注,并对《魔王》有较为深刻的演唱体会。本文立足于作品体现这一环节,对作品角色的音量、音色、力度、速度等方面进行了详细的论述,将理性分析与感性体验相结合,力争给予作品更加准确的诠释,并以此来完成我们对作品的角色塑造与情感表达。

发展是解决中阿一切问题的金钥匙

当前的世界正处在百年未遇之大变局阶段,人类社会在变,自然界也在变,世界体系、国际格局、国际政治经济秩序、文明秩序等等都在变。变化是客观事物发展规律,大变局则是指这种变化的程度、力度和速度,很大很强很快。世界各国现下都得站在战略高度、用历史发展眼光,把握时势,识别真伪,主动施策,应对驾驭,并藉此去化解挑战与危机,谋得和平与发展,从而造福各国人民。

纵横谈感觉在钢琴演奏中的重要性

对于任何形式的音乐表演艺术来讲,音乐感觉始终是一个令表演者不容忽视且必须全力探求的课题。它既是音乐表演活动的出发点,又是归宿处。钢琴弹奏也不例外,由于作品内容的复杂,弹奏技术的艰深,因此对音乐感觉有着更为严格而独特的要求。本文将从旋律分句、速度力度、节奏节拍和踏板运用四方面,探讨感觉在钢琴演奏中的重要性。

咏叹调《我愿生活在美梦中》歌唱中的音乐表现力

咏叹调中花腔部分的演唱，多次以快速的音阶上行和下行来体现，形成了该作品重要的创作特色之一。在速度上变化并不多，但是由于回旋曲式的结构通常在新的主题进入时还会有明显的变化和过渡，并且多次出现花腔部分的炫技。咏叹调除了旋律创作的细腻抒情之外，伴奏部分也是其经典之处。和声特征已经在前面都有所分析，它在伴奏织体中的运用丰富而巧妙。

Evaluation of Phonon-level Density of UO2 by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Molecular dynamics calculation of UO2 in a wide temperature range are presented and dis- cussed. The calculated lattice parameters, mean square displacements, and dynamic prop- erty of phonon-level density of the velocity auto-correlation functions for UO2 are provided. The Morelon potential and the Basak potential are employed. It confirms that the cal- culated lattice parameters using the Basak potential are in nearly perfect agreement with the reported values. The models successfully predict mean square displacement and Bredig transition. Furthermore, the phonon-level density of uranium dioxide are discussed. The intensity of phonon-level density increases with temperature, and the properties of UO2 are characterized by large thermal vibrations rather than extensive disorder.

Effect of process parameters on tensile strength of friction stir welded cast A356 aluminium alloy joints

A356 is a high strength aluminium-silicon cast alloy used in food,chemical,marine,electrical and automotive industries.Fusion welding of this cast alloy will lead to many problems such as porosity,micro-fissuring,and hot cracking.However,friction stir welding（FSW） can be used to weld this cast alloy without above mentioned defects.An attempt was made to study the effect of FSW process parameters on the tensile strength of cast A356 aluminium alloy.Joints were made using different combinations of tool rotation speed,welding speed and axial force.The quality of weld zone was analyzed by macrostructure and microstructure analyses.Tensile strengths of the joints were evaluated and correlated with the weld zone hardness and microstructure.The joint fabricated using a rotational speed of 1000 r/min,a welding speed of 75 mm/min and an axial force of 5 kN showed a higher tensile strength compared to the other joints.

Optimum traveling and rotation speeds in friction stir welding for dissimilar Al alloys

Aluminum alloys are subjected to large deformation and decreased strength due to the high expansion modulus caused by heat effects during friction stir welding （FSW）.The optimum conditions for friction stir welding of 5052-O and 6061-T6 Al alloys were determined.The optimum traveling and rotation speeds were identified to be 61mm/min and 1600r/min using various mechanical characteristic evaluation methods.

Study on Excess Thermodynamic Parameters and Theoretical Estimation of Ultrasonic Velocity Using Scaled Particle Theory in Binary Liquid Mixtures of 2-Methyl-2-propanol and Nitriles at Different Temperatures

Density, ρ, ultrasonic speed, u, and viscosity, η, of binary mixtures of 2-methyl-2-propanol (2M2P) with acetonitrile (AN), propionitrile (PN) and butyronitrile (BN) including those of pure liquids are measured over the entire composition range at temperatures 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K. From these experimental data, the excess available volume, E a V , excess free volume, E f V , excess isothermal compressibility, E T β , excess thermal expansion coefficient, E α , and excess internal pressure, E i π , are calculated. The variation of these properties with composition and temperature are discussed in terms of molecular interactions between unlike molecules of the mixtures. It is found that the values of E a V , E f V , E T β and E α are positive and those of E i π are negative for all the mixtures at each temperature studied, indicating the presence of weak interactions between 2M2P and AN/PN/BN molecules. The variations of E a V , E f V , E T β , E α and E i π values with composition indicate that the interactions in these mixtures follow the order: AN<PN<BN, i.e., the 2M2P-nitrile interaction decreases with the increase of alkyl chain length in these nitrile molecules. In addition, the theoretical ultrasonic velocity is calculated using the scaled particle theory and compared with the experimental values.

Initiation and Development of Water Film by Seepage

When water seeps upwards through a saturated soil layer,the soil layer may become instability and water films occur and develop.Water film serves as a natural sliding surface because of its very small friction.Accordingly,debris flow may happen.To investigate this phenomenon,a pseudothree-phase media is presented first.Then discontinuity method is used to analyze the expansion velocity of water film.Finally,perturbation method is used to analyze the case that a water flow is forced to seep upwards through the soil layer while the movement of the skeleton may be neglected relative to that of water.The theoretical evolutions of pore pressure gradient,effective stress,water velocity,the porosity and the eroded fine grains are obtained.It can be seen clearly that with the erosion and redeposited of fine grains,permeability at some positions in the soil layer becomes smaller and smaller and,the pore pressure gradient becomes bigger and bigger,while the effective stress becomes smaller and smaller.When the effective stress equals zero,e.f.liquefaction,the water film occurs.It is shown also that once a water film occurs,it will be expanded in a speed of U(t)(1-ε).

Numerical simulation investigation on pressure loss of diffusion tank of axial main fan

Based on the engineering application, the angle range of rectifying airflow unit attaching diffusion tank is from 2.5° to 7.5°. In the range of average inlet velocity of 25.0 m/s to 55.0 m/s of diffusion tank, numerical simulations of diffusion tank were done. The results of numerical simulations of diffusion tank are shown as follows： ③ In cases of the inlet velocity range from 25.0 m/s to 55.0 m/s, and the angle range of rectifying airflow unit from 2.5° to 7.5°, the average value of pressure losses decreases to the minimum when the angle is 4.5°.② In cases of the inlet velocity of 35.0 m/s, the pressure loss of diffusion tank decreases to the minimum when the angle of rectifying airflow unit is 5.5°. ③ As far as there are different angles of rectifying airflow unit, pressure loss increases gradually along with the addition of inlet velocity.

Hydraulic calculation of gravity transportation pipeline system for backfill slurry

Taking cemented coal gangue pipeline transportation system in Suncun Coal Mine, Xinwen Mining Group, Shandong Province, China, as an example, the hydraulic calculation approaches and process about gravity pipeline transportation of backfill slurry were investigated. The results show that the backfill capability of the backfill system should be higher than 74.4 m3/h according to the mining production and backfill times in the mine; the minimum velocity (critical velocity) and practical working velocity of the backfill slurry are 1.44 and 3.82 m/s, respectively. Various formulae give the maximum ratio of total length to vertical height of pipeline (L/H ratio) of the backfill system of 5.4, and then the reliability and capability of the system can be evaluated.

Effect of variation in gas distribution on explosion propagation characteristics in coal mines

In order to investigate the effect of variation in the distribution of gas on explosion propagation characteristics in coal mines, experiments were carried out in two different channels with variation in gas concentration and geometry. Flame and pressure transducers were used to track the explosion front velocity. The flame speed (Sf) showed a slight downward trend while the methane concentration varied from 10% to 3% in the experimental channel. The peak overpressure (Pmax) dropped dramatically when compared with normal conditions. As well, the values of Pmax and Sf decreased when the methane concentration dropped from 8% to 6%. The flame speed in the channel, connected to a cylinder with a length varying from 0.5 to 2 m, was greater than that in the normal channel. The peak overpressure was also higher than that under normal conditions because of a higher flame speed and stronger pressure piling up. The values of Pmax and Sf increased with an increase in cylinder length. The research results indicate that damage caused by explosions can be reduced by decreasing the gas concentration, which should be immediately detected in roadways with large cross-sections because of the possibility of greater destruction caused by more serious explosions.

Universal Method for the Prediction of Abrasive Waterjet Performance in Mining

Abrasive waterjets （AWJs） can be used in extreme mining conditions for hard rock destruction, due to their ability to effectively cut difficult-to-machine materials with an absence of dust formation. They can also be used for explosion, intrinsic, and fire safety. Every destructible material can be considered as either ductile or brittle in terms of its fracture mechanics. Thus, there is a need for a method to predict the efficiency of cutting with AWJs that is highly accurate irrespective of material. This problem can be solved using the energy conservation approach, which states the proportionality between the material removal volume and the kinetic energy of AWJs. This paper describes a method based on this approach, along with recommendations on reaching the most effective level of destruction. Recommendations are provided regarding rational ranges of values for the relation of abrasive flow rate to water flow rate, standoff distance, and size of abrasive particles. I also provide a parameter to establish the threshold conditions for a material＇s destruction initiation based on the temporary-structural approach of fracture mechanics.

浅析中职生初学古筝需注意的几个问题

中职生初学古筝,由于缺乏长期系统的基本功训练,容易出现力度不够,速度跟不上等问题。本文对中职学生初学古筝需注意的几个问题进行浅析。

Pore structure of unidirectional solidified lotus-type porous silicon

Lotus-type porous silicon with elongated pores was fabricated by unidirectional solidification under pressurized hydrogen. Porosity, pore diameter, and pore length can be adjusted by changing solidification speed and hydrogen pressure. The porosity of the ingot is nearly constant under different solidification speeds, but decreases with the increase of hydrogen pressure. The overall porosities of ingots fabricated at different hydrogen pressures were evaluated through a theoretical model. Findings are in good agreement with experimental values. The average pore diameter and pore length increase simultaneously while the average pore aspect ratio changes slightly with the decreases of solidification speed and hydrogen pressure. The average pore length is raised from 7 to 24 mm and the pore aspect ratio is raised from 8 to 20 respectively with the average pore diameter promoted by about 0.3 mm through improving the superheat degree of the melt from 200 to 300 K.

拉赫玛尼诺夫《C小调第二钢琴协奏曲》

《c小调第二钢琴协奏曲》是拉赫玛尼诺夫的代表作,是他最优秀的作品之一。在这部作品中所体现出来的完整的结构、独具一格的抒情性和钢琴演奏效果的统一,都体现了他对俄罗斯音乐的娴熟掌握。

巴赫《前奏曲与赋格》巴扬改编版分析

《a小调管风琴前奏曲与赋格》是巴赫于18世纪初期创作的一部宏大的管风琴作品,1980年由维塔利·蒙特亚努改编成自由低音巴扬手风琴作品。作品以多调性创作为基础,突出和声色彩,层次鲜明,结构严谨。本文将以"速度力度"和"风箱控制"两方面为切入点,探究并阐述作品在自由低音巴扬演奏技术方面所呈现出的显著风格特征,从而实现作品在演奏层面二度创作的美学价值与意义,达到乐器、作品、演奏技巧以及审美的更深层次统一。