Abstract： Chemistry of the human brain has two components--the basic chemistry common to all mammals and chemistry of thinking inherent to man. The authors proposed a mechanism of induction and thermodynamic features...Abstract： Chemistry of the human brain has two components--the basic chemistry common to all mammals and chemistry of thinking inherent to man. The authors proposed a mechanism of induction and thermodynamic features of the brain. The authors offered the mechanisms of the work RAM （physical） and permanent （chemical）, the brain＇s memory, including the model of nonlocal quantum correlations.展开更多
The gravity and topography of Venus obtained from observations of the Magellan mission, as well as the gravity and topography from our numerical mantle convection model, are discussed in this paper. We used the hypoth...The gravity and topography of Venus obtained from observations of the Magellan mission, as well as the gravity and topography from our numerical mantle convection model, are discussed in this paper. We used the hypothesis that the geoid of degrees 2–40 is produced by sublithospheric mantle density anomalies that are associated with dynamical process within the mantle. We obtained the model dynamical admittance(the geoid topography ratio based on a convection model) by a numerical simulation of the Venusian mantle convection, and used it to correct the dynamical effect in the calculation of crustal thickness. After deducting the dynamical effect, the thickness of the Venusian crust is presented. The results show that the gravity and topography are strongly correlated with the Venusian mantle convection and the Venusian crust has a significant influence on the topography. The Venusian crustal thickness varies from 28 to 70 km. Ishtar Terra, and Ovda Regio and Thetis Regio in western Aphrodite Terra have the highest crustal thickness(larger than 50 km). The high topography of these areas is thought to be supported by crustal compensation and our results are consistent with the hypothesis that these areas are remnants of ancient continents. The crustal thickness in the Beta, Themis, Dione, Eistla, Bell, and Lada regiones is thin and shows less correlation with the topography, especially in the Atla and Imdr regiones in the eastern part of Aphrodite Terra. This is consistent with the hypothesis that these highlands are mainly supported by mantle plumes. Compared with the crustal thickness calculated with the dynamical effect, our results are more consistent with the crust evolution and internal dynamical process of Venus.展开更多
Premixed and partially premixed flames (PPFs) of H2/CO/air syngas are studied numerically to investigate the effect of pressure on syngas PPF structure. Chemical characteristics of the syngas flame at different pressu...Premixed and partially premixed flames (PPFs) of H2/CO/air syngas are studied numerically to investigate the effect of pressure on syngas PPF structure. Chemical characteristics of the syngas flame at different pressures are investigated based on reaction limit analysis using a one-dimensional configuration. The results show that CO affects the syngas reaction limits through both physical effects that consist mainly in dilution and chemical effects that are related to both R23 (CO+OH=CO2+H) and HCO pathway. In particular, the HCO pathway weakens the flame at low pressures due to the chain-terminating effect of R25 (HCO+O2=CO+HO2) and R26 (HCO+H=CO+H2), and enhances the flame at high pressures because of the contribution of R25 to the HO2chain-branching process. These CO chemical characteristics are also observed in the premixed zone of 50%H2+50%CO syngas PPFs whereas only R23 is important in the non-premixed zone.展开更多
文摘Abstract： Chemistry of the human brain has two components--the basic chemistry common to all mammals and chemistry of thinking inherent to man. The authors proposed a mechanism of induction and thermodynamic features of the brain. The authors offered the mechanisms of the work RAM （physical） and permanent （chemical）, the brain＇s memory, including the model of nonlocal quantum correlations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91014005, 40774045)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams
文摘The gravity and topography of Venus obtained from observations of the Magellan mission, as well as the gravity and topography from our numerical mantle convection model, are discussed in this paper. We used the hypothesis that the geoid of degrees 2–40 is produced by sublithospheric mantle density anomalies that are associated with dynamical process within the mantle. We obtained the model dynamical admittance(the geoid topography ratio based on a convection model) by a numerical simulation of the Venusian mantle convection, and used it to correct the dynamical effect in the calculation of crustal thickness. After deducting the dynamical effect, the thickness of the Venusian crust is presented. The results show that the gravity and topography are strongly correlated with the Venusian mantle convection and the Venusian crust has a significant influence on the topography. The Venusian crustal thickness varies from 28 to 70 km. Ishtar Terra, and Ovda Regio and Thetis Regio in western Aphrodite Terra have the highest crustal thickness(larger than 50 km). The high topography of these areas is thought to be supported by crustal compensation and our results are consistent with the hypothesis that these areas are remnants of ancient continents. The crustal thickness in the Beta, Themis, Dione, Eistla, Bell, and Lada regiones is thin and shows less correlation with the topography, especially in the Atla and Imdr regiones in the eastern part of Aphrodite Terra. This is consistent with the hypothesis that these highlands are mainly supported by mantle plumes. Compared with the crustal thickness calculated with the dynamical effect, our results are more consistent with the crust evolution and internal dynamical process of Venus.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2014CB239603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1738113,91441131)
文摘Premixed and partially premixed flames (PPFs) of H2/CO/air syngas are studied numerically to investigate the effect of pressure on syngas PPF structure. Chemical characteristics of the syngas flame at different pressures are investigated based on reaction limit analysis using a one-dimensional configuration. The results show that CO affects the syngas reaction limits through both physical effects that consist mainly in dilution and chemical effects that are related to both R23 (CO+OH=CO2+H) and HCO pathway. In particular, the HCO pathway weakens the flame at low pressures due to the chain-terminating effect of R25 (HCO+O2=CO+HO2) and R26 (HCO+H=CO+H2), and enhances the flame at high pressures because of the contribution of R25 to the HO2chain-branching process. These CO chemical characteristics are also observed in the premixed zone of 50%H2+50%CO syngas PPFs whereas only R23 is important in the non-premixed zone.
