局部扭转形变下典型armchair型石墨烯纳米带的力电特性

将密度泛函理论与非平衡格林函数方法相结合,选取了宽度为11根碳原子链、边缘H钝化的armchair型石墨烯纳米带为模型,系统研究了局部扭转形变对石墨烯纳米带力电特性的影响.结果表明,随着扭转角度的增加,armchair型石墨烯纳米带的结构依次经历了弹性形变、塑性形变直至完全断裂.局部扭转形变对armchair型石墨烯纳米带的力电特性有显著影响,表现出了依赖于形变过程的输运谱和伏安特性.

电应力对电连接器的力电特性与腐蚀影响分析

为分析电应力对电连接器力电特性与腐蚀情况的影响,通过Solidworks建立接触件三维模型,利用ANSYS热电模块,分析电流对温度的改变量;然后,将热电模块与静力学模块耦合,分析电应力对接触件应变的变化;最后,通过COMSOL电化学模块,分析电应力对接触件腐蚀的影响。结果显示,电流的增加对接触件的温度提升作用显著,电应力对接触件形变的改变较小,并且电应力越大,接触件镀层破损区域越容易腐蚀。电流对接触件的腐蚀具有促进作用,长期作用下,电流会使电连接器接触件发生形变,导致电气性能降低。

MWCNT/EP膜片的力电特性和无线应变传感器

将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)添加到环氧树脂(EP)中,其随机分布会形成一个复杂的导电网络。由于MWCNT在EP基体中的形状各异,个体或曲或直,相互之间或分离或交叉,使得MWCNT/EP纳米复合材料具备了电感、电阻和电容的特性。本研究提出了MWCNT/EP纳米复合材料的RLC内部等效电路,测试了0.6 wt.%MWCNT/EP纳米复合材料薄膜对电磁信号的响应。研究发现,MWCNT/EP纳米复合材料薄膜可在特定频率的电磁波激励下产生谐振,且谐振频率随着纳米复合材料的应变发生偏移,从而证明了利用MWCNT/EP纳米复合材料制备无线应变传感器的可行性。通过对MWCNT/EP纳米复合材料薄膜的力电特性实验和理论分析,提出了开发标签式射频应变传感器的思路。

局部扭转形变下金纳米线的力电响应

采用密度泛函理论和非平衡格林函数方法相结合的研究方案,系统考察了局部扭转形变对金纳米线力电特性的影响.结果表明,随着局部扭转角度的增加,金纳米线的形变区域先后经历了弹性形变和塑性形变;在弹性形变过程中,金纳米线的量子输运特性能够得到很好的保持,伏安特性曲线也不受扭转形变的影响;而在塑性形变中,纳米线的平衡电导和给定电压下的电流均比弹性形变时有显著下降.对输运谱的分析阐明了上述现象的物理机制.

Aging Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Battery Under Fast Charging Based on Electrochemical-thermalmechanical Coupling Model

The aging characteristics of lithium-ion battery(LIB)under fast charging is investigated based on an electrochemical-thermal-mechanical(ETM)coupling model.Firstly,the ETM coupling model is established by COMSOL Multiphysics.Subsequently,a long cycle test was conducted to explore the aging characteristics of LIB.Specifically,the effects of charging(C)rate and cycle number on battery aging are analyzed in terms of nonuniform distribution of solid electrolyte interface(SEI),SEI formation,thermal stability and stress characteristics.The results indicate that the increases in C rate and cycling led to an increase in the degree of nonuniform distribution of SEI,and thus a consequent increase in the capacity loss due to the SEI formation.Meanwhile,the increases in C rate and cycle number also led to an increase in the heat generation and a decrease in the heat dissipation rate of the battery,respectively,which result in a decrease in the thermal stability of the electrode materials.In addition,the von Mises stress of the positive electrode material is higher than that of the negative electrode material as the cycling proceeds,with the positive electrode material exhibiting tensile deformation and the negative electrode material exhibiting compressive deformation.The available lithium ion concentration of the positive electrode is lower than that of the negative electrode,proving that the tensile-type fracture occurring in the positive material under long cycling dominated the capacity loss process.The aforementioned studies are helpful for researchers to further explore the aging behavior of LIB under fast charging and take corresponding preventive measures.

CFRP约束高强混凝土方柱机敏特性的试验研究

通过将铜丝编织在碳纤维片材中作为电极,监测了棱柱体试件的应力-应变曲线试验过程中碳纤维片材的电阻变化规律。分析监测结果表明,碳纤维具有较好的力电感知特性,利用碳纤维电阻变化率的规律,可以定性的判断内部混凝土的受力状态、破碎程度、试件的破坏位置和约束应力沿周向的分布特点,以及各层碳纤维布的破坏顺序和共同工作程度。

铁电电容系统非线性电滞参数模型研究

为解决铁电电滞模型中特性参数确定困难的问题,改善模型在工程应用中受限现状,本文利用遗传算法提出一种实用的铁电模型特性参数识别方法,可根据随机试验数据完成特性参数的提取,继而重构铁电模型以模拟各种铁电电容系统的非线性电滞行为.以上方法不但可以预测各种电场条件下的电极化响应,还可预测反映系统特性的理想饱和极化响应.最后,为验证所提方法的有效性,本文进行了仿真计算验证,其结果表明,基于优化参数的电滞模型能够很好地与试验数据吻合,具有较好的精确性和鲁棒性,为铁电系统在实际工程的应用提供有效参考.

Characteristics for wind energy and wind turbines by considering vertical wind shear

The probability distributions of wind speeds and the availability of wind turbines were investigated by considering the vertical wind shear. Based on the wind speed data at the standard height observed at a wind farm, the power-law process was used to simulate the wind speeds at a hub height of 60 m. The Weibull and Rayleigh distributions were chosen to express the wind speeds at two different heights. The parameters in the model were estimated via the least square(LS) method and the maximum likelihood estimation(MLE) method, respectively. An adjusted MLE approach was also presented for parameter estimation. The main indices of wind energy characteristics were calculated based on observational wind speed data. A case study based on the data of Hexi area, Gansu Province of China was given. The results show that MLE method generally outperforms LS method for parameter estimation, and Weibull distribution is more appropriate to describe the wind speed at the hub height.

A study on the electrical property of HgSe under high pressure

Using a microcircuit fabricated on a diamond anvil cell, we have measured in-situ conductivity of HgSe under high pressures, and investigated the temperature dependence of conductivity under several different pressures. The result shows that HgSe has a pressure-induced transition sequence from a semimetal to a semiconductor to a metal, similar to that in HgTe. Several discontinuous changes in conductivity are observed at around 1.5, 17, 29 and 49GPa, corresponding to the phase transitions from zinc-blende to cinnabar to rocksalt to orthorhombic to an unknown structure, respectively. In comparison with HgTe, it is speculated that the unknown structure may be a distorted CsCl structure. For the cinnabar-HgSe, the energy gap as a function of pressure is obtained according to the temperature dependence of conductivity. The plot of the temperature dependence of conductivity indicates that the unknown structure of HgSe has an electrical property of a conductor.

Experimental study on thermal characteristics of LiFePO_4 power batteries

As an important high-energy chemical power source, lithium-ion power batteries come up to application problems of thermal performance, such as extended temperature range and high power charge ＆ discharge. LiFeP04 battery is applied and developed well recently, its charge and discharge experiment at different temperatures and hybrid pulse power characterization （HPPC） test are analyzed, and the optimal temperature range of LiFeP04 battery is put forward. In order to provide experimental suggestion of power battery application and its thermal management, internal resistance, influencing factor of electromotive force and entropy change state of charge （SOC）, battery thermal characteristic of different charge ＆ discharge rates are summarized.

Contribution of Iron and Aluminum Oxides to Electrokinetic Characteristics of Variable Charge Soils in Relation to Surface Charge

The contribution of iron and aluminum oxides to electrokinetic characteristics of variable charge soils was studied through determination of electrophoretic mobilities of the red soils treated with either removal of iron oxides or coating of aluminum oxides, and of those deferrated under natural conditions. After removal of the iron oxides, zeta potentials of the latosol and the red earth decreased obviously with a shift of IEP to a lower pH, from 6.4 to 5.3 and 4.1 to 2.4 for the former and the latter, respectively, and the electrokinetic change for the latosol was greater than for the red earth. Zeta potentials of the kaolinite sample increased markedly after coated with iron oxides. The striking effect of iron oxides on electrokinetic properties of the soils was also demonstrated by the electrokinetic differences between the samples from the red and white zones of a plinthitic horizon formed naturally, and between the samples from the gley and bottom horizons of a paddy soil derived from a red earth. The coatings of aluminum oxides on the latosol and the yellow earth made their zeta potentials rise pronouncedly and their IEPs move toward higher pHs, from 6.2 to 6.8 and 4.3 to 5.3 for the former and the latter, respectively. The samples with different particle sizes also exhibited some electrokinetic variation. The experiment showed that the effects of iron and aluminum oxides were closely related to the pH and type of the soils.

Lattice Dynamics and Electronic Properties of Heusler Alloys Li_(2)AlX(X=Ga,In):A Comparison Study

The lattice parameters,bulk modulus,rst derivative of the bulk modulus,electronic band structures,phonon dispersion curves and phonon density of states calculations for Li_(2)AlGa and Li_(2)AlIn Heusler alloys are performed and compared in this study using density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation.Computed lattice parameters display a good agreement with the literature.Obtained electronic band structures of both Heusler alloys show that they are in semi-metallic structure.Phonon dispersion curves and the phonon density of states graphs are also obtained in order to study the lattice dynamics of these Heusler alloys.It is noticed that Li_(2)AlGa and Li_(2)AlIn Heusler alloys are dynamically stable in the ground state.

Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of the Offshore Wind Turbine Blades

The topic of offshore wind energy is attracting more and more attention as the energy crisis heightens.The blades are the key components of offshore wind turbines,and their dynamic characteristics directly determine the effectiveness of offshore wind turbines.With different rotating speeds and blade length,the rotating blades generate various centrifugal stiffening effects.To directly analyze the centrifugal stiffening effect of blades,the Rayleigh energy method (REM) was used to derive the natural frequency equation of the blade,including the centrifugal stiffening effect and the axial force calculation formula.The axial force planes and the first to third order natural frequency planes which vary with the rotating speed and length were calculated in three-dimensional coordinates.The centrifugal stiffening coefficient was introduced to quantitatively study the relationship between the centrifugal stiffening degree and the rotating speed,and then the fundamental frequency correction formula was built based on the rotating speed and the blade length.The analysis results show that the calculation results of the fundamental frequency correction formula agree with the theoretical calculation results.The error of calculation results between them is less than 0.5%.

Motion Characteristics of Novel Floating Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbine

A novel floating foundation to support the NREL offshore 5 MW wind turbine was designed conceptually by combining the characteristics of barge and Spar. The main focus was structural design and hydrodynamic modelling. Based on this novel floating foundation, the hydrodynamic performance was investigated in the frequency domain and time domain by using the wave analysis software Hydro D and Deep C from Det Norske Veritas. The frequency domain analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of the incident wave angle and water depth. The time-domain analysis was carried out to evaluate the response of the floating foundation under a selected operational condition. The hydrodynamic performances of this floating foundation with respect to time series and response spectra were also investigated in this study.

CFD simulation of high-temperature effect on EHD characteristics in a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator

A computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model is carried out to describe the wire-plate electrostatic precipitator （ESP） in high temperature conditions, aiming to study the effects of high temperature on the electro- hydrodynamic （EHD） characteristics. In the model, the complex interactions at high temperatures between the electric field, fluid dynamics and the particulate flow are taken into account. We apply different numerical methods for different fields, including an electric field model, Euler-Lagrange particle-laden flows model, and particle charging model. The effects of high temperature on ionic wind, EHD characteristics and collection effi- ciency are investigated. The numerical results show high temperature causes more significant effects of the ionic wind on the gas secondary flow. High viscosity of gas at high temperature makes particles follow the gas flow pattern more closely. High temperature reduces the surface electric strength, so that the mean electric strength weakens the space charging. On the contrary, there is an increase in the diffusion charging at high tem- perature compared with at low temperature. High temperature increases the ratio of mean drag force over mean electrostatic force actin~ on the ~atticles which mav contribute to a decline of collection efficiencv.

An Experimental Study for Inverse Load Reconstruction

This paper performs an experimental study for inverse load reconstruction. By measuring and analyzing the load characteristics of different home and office electric devices, the author shows that a reconstruction of the individual power consumption of different loads from the total measurement of a single power meter is possible.

Insulation System of Power Transformers Behavior Comparison of Mineral Oils and Natural Ester Dielectric Fluids

Paper deals with a comparison of selected properties of several vegetable oil representatives along their accelerated thermal ageing at the temperature of 90 ℃. These properties are compared to two widely used and commercially available mineral transformer oils. A combined insulating system （an oil-paper system） was created with the usage of mentioned oils for measurement purposes. Dissipation factor, capacity and volume resistance are characteristics measured along a thermal ageing of the oil-paper systems. Infrared spectroscopy was used as an additional method. After 1,000 hours of ageing, the dissipation factor of all systems based on vegetable oils did not exceed the value of 0.015. The volume resistance of systems containing mineral oils was approx, twice as high as the volume resistance of those with vegetable oils. The capacity on the other hand was slightly lower in the case of mineral oils application. An experiment also showed that the paper combined with the vegetable oil dries more quickly than in combination with the mineral oil. Infrared spectroscopy has not shown any expressive changes in the chemical structure of aU tested oils yet （up to 1,000 hours of ageing）.

Long-term Hardening Characteristics of Prestressed Anchorage Grout

Grout plays an important role in the transmission and maintenance of anchoring force,and in the protection of anchorage materials against corrosion.Thus,the hardening characteristics of grout directly affect the anchoring effectivity and long-term reliability.We have excavated a prestressed anchorage which has been in service for 20 years,and have tested the grout which has worked for that long period under complicated geological conditions through strength tests and have analyzed its mineral composition using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that the mineral composition of the 12.5 m segment differs from other segments,and corresponds with poor coagulation characteristics of the 12.5 m segment grout.Analysis shows that unhydrated tricalcium silicate may be the reason for the localized poor coagulation.

Integrated outburst detector sensor-model tests

Outbursts of methane and rocks are, similarly to rock bursts, the biggest hazards in deep mines and are equally difficult to predict. The violent process of the outburst itself, along with the scale and range of hazards following the rapid discharge of gas and rocks, requires solutions which would enable quick and unambiguous detection of the hazard, immediate power supply cut-off and evacuation of personnel from potentially hazardous areas. For this purpose, an integrated outburst detector was developed. Assumed functions of the sensor which was equipped with three measuring and detection elements： a chamber for constant measurement of methane concentration, pressure sensor and microphone. Tests of the sensor model were carried out to estimate the parameters which characterize the dynamic properties of the sensor. Given the impossibility of carrying out the full scale experimental outburst, the sensor was tested during the methane and coal dust explosions in the testing gallery at KD Barbara. The obtained results proved that the applied solutions have been appropriate.

Influence of the characteristics of fault gouge on the stability of a borehole wall

How to find more effective way to stabilize the borehole wall in the fault gouge section is the key technical challenge to control the stability of the borehole wall in the Wenchuan fault gouge section during the process of core drilling. Here we try to describe the characters of deep fault gouge in fracture zones from the undisturbed fault gouge samples which are obtained during the core drilling. The X- Ray Diffraction （XRD）, X-Ray Fluorescence （XRF） and Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） provided the detailed information of the fault gouge＇s microscopic characteristics on the density, moisture content, expansibility, dispersity, permeability, tensile strength and other main physical-mechanical properties. Based on these systematic experimental studies above and analysis of the fault gouge instability mechanism, a new technical procedure to stabilize the borehole wall is proposed -- a low water and a low loss low permeability drilling fluid system that consists of 4% day ＋ 0.5% CMC-HV ＋ 2% S-1 ＋ 3%sulfonated asphalt ＋ 1% SMC ＋ 0.5% X-1 ＋ 0-5% T type lubricant ＋ barite for core drilling in fault gouge sections.