Building equipment, energy-saving systems, and claims of inappropriate indoor thermal environments were analyzed in relation to the floor area using responses to a questionnaire survey of service managers of 157 build...Building equipment, energy-saving systems, and claims of inappropriate indoor thermal environments were analyzed in relation to the floor area using responses to a questionnaire survey of service managers of 157 buildings built in Osaka, Kyoto and Hyogo prefectures in Kinki area of Japan. Results show the following: (1) In smaller buildings (〈 5,000 m2), setting temperatures are higher in summer and lower in winter, effects of "uncomfortable radiation from windows" are greater, energy-saving systems decrease indoor thermal comfort, but claims of "hot" and "cold" are fewer; (2) Claims of "hot" and "cold" are unrelated to the setting temperature and whether the air-conditioning control system is central or local; (3) The adoption rates of mitigation of dress codes ("COOL-BIZ" and "WARM-BIZ") are higher than those of temperature mitigation of air conditioning.展开更多
The effect of two nighttime ventilation strategies on cooling and heating energy use is investigated for a prototype office building in several northern America climates, using hourly building energy simulation softwa...The effect of two nighttime ventilation strategies on cooling and heating energy use is investigated for a prototype office building in several northern America climates, using hourly building energy simulation software (DOE2.1E). The strategies include: scheduled-driven nighttime ventilation and a predictive method for nighttime ventilation. The maximum possible energy savings and peak demand reduction in each climate is analyzed as a function of ventilation rate, indoor-outdoor temperature difference, and building thermal mass. The results show that nighttime ventilation could save up to 32% cooling energy in an office building, while the total energy and peak demand savings for the fan and cooling is about 13% and 10%, respectively. Consequently, finding the optimal control parameters for the nighttime ventilation strategies is very important. The performance of the two strategies varies in different climates. The predictive nighttime ventilation worked better in weather conditions with fairly smooth transition from heating to cooling season.展开更多
文摘Building equipment, energy-saving systems, and claims of inappropriate indoor thermal environments were analyzed in relation to the floor area using responses to a questionnaire survey of service managers of 157 buildings built in Osaka, Kyoto and Hyogo prefectures in Kinki area of Japan. Results show the following: (1) In smaller buildings (〈 5,000 m2), setting temperatures are higher in summer and lower in winter, effects of "uncomfortable radiation from windows" are greater, energy-saving systems decrease indoor thermal comfort, but claims of "hot" and "cold" are fewer; (2) Claims of "hot" and "cold" are unrelated to the setting temperature and whether the air-conditioning control system is central or local; (3) The adoption rates of mitigation of dress codes ("COOL-BIZ" and "WARM-BIZ") are higher than those of temperature mitigation of air conditioning.
文摘The effect of two nighttime ventilation strategies on cooling and heating energy use is investigated for a prototype office building in several northern America climates, using hourly building energy simulation software (DOE2.1E). The strategies include: scheduled-driven nighttime ventilation and a predictive method for nighttime ventilation. The maximum possible energy savings and peak demand reduction in each climate is analyzed as a function of ventilation rate, indoor-outdoor temperature difference, and building thermal mass. The results show that nighttime ventilation could save up to 32% cooling energy in an office building, while the total energy and peak demand savings for the fan and cooling is about 13% and 10%, respectively. Consequently, finding the optimal control parameters for the nighttime ventilation strategies is very important. The performance of the two strategies varies in different climates. The predictive nighttime ventilation worked better in weather conditions with fairly smooth transition from heating to cooling season.